Research Article
Year 2023,
Volume: 2 Issue: 5, 275 - 279, 27.12.2023
Abstract
References
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- 5. Lebar V, Laganà AS, Chiantera V, Kunič T, Lukanović D. The Effect of COVID-19 on the Menstrual Cycle: A Systematic Review. J Clin Med. 2022;11(13):3800. Published 2022 Jun 30. doi:10.3390/jcm11133800
- 6. Yang J, Li H, Hu S, Zhou Y. ACE2 correlated with immune infiltration serves as a prognostic biomarker in endometrial carcinoma and renal papillary cell carcinoma: implication for COVID-19. Aging (Albany NY). 2020;12(8):6518-6535. doi:10.18632/aging.103100
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- 11. Giannella L, Mfuta K, Setti T, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of endometrial thickness for the detection of intra-uterine pathologies and appropriateness of performed hysteroscopies among asymptomatic postmenopausal women. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2014;177: 29–33
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- 13. ACOG Committee Opinion No. 440: The Role of Transvaginal Ultrasonography in the Evaluation of Postmenopausal Bleeding. Obstet Gynecol. 2009;114(2 Pt 1):409-411. doi:10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181b48feb
- 14. Yousif, M. G., Al-Maliki, L., Al-Baghdadi, J. J., & Yousif, N. G. Post-COVID-19 Effects on Female Fertility: An In-Depth Scientific Investigation. arXiv preprint arXiv 2023;2307.12922.
- 15. Li K, Chen G, Hou H, Liao Q, Chen J, Bai H, et al. Analysis of sex hormones and menstruation in COVID-19 women of child-bearing age. Reprod Biomed Online. 2021;42:260–7
- 16. https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/depo/birimler/kanserdb/Dokumanlar/Istatistikler/Kanser_Rapor_2018.pdf
- 17. Colombo N, Creutzberg C, Amant F, et al. ESMO-ESGO-ESTRO Consensus Conference on Endometrial Cancer: Diagnosis, Treatment and Follow-up. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2016; 26: 2-30.
- 18. Khan S., Shilen A., Heslin K., Ishimwe P., Allen A., Jacobs E., Farland L. SARS-CoV-2 infection and subsequent changes in the menstrual cycle among participants in the Arizona CoVHORT study. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 2022;226:270–273. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2021.09.016.
- 19. Li XF, Ahmed A. Expression of angiotensin II and its receptor subtypes in endometrial hyperplasia: a possible role in dysfunctional menstruation. Lab Invest 1996b;75:137-145.
- 20. Vaz-Silva J, Carneiro MM, Ferreira MC, Pinheiro SV, Silva DA, Silva-Filho AL, Witz CA, Reis AM, Santos RA, Reis FM. The vasoactive peptide angiotensin-(1-7), its receptor Mas and the angiotensin-converting enzyme type 2 are expressed in the human endometrium. Reprod Sci 2009;16:247-256
- 21. Madaan S, Talwar D, Jaiswal A, et al. Post-COVID-19 menstrual abnormalities and infertility: Repercussions of the pandemic. J Educ Health Promot. 2022;11:170.
- 22. Suh-Burgmann EJ, Tierney C, Hung YY, Schmittdiel JA. Association between vaccination against COVID-19 and postmenopausal bleeding. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2022;227(6):907-908. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2022.07.006
- 23. Ljung R, Xu Y, Sundström A, et al. Association between SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and healthcare contacts for menstrual disturbance and bleeding in women before and after menopause: nationwide, register based cohort study. BMJ. 2023;381:e074778. Published 2023 May 3. doi:10.1136/bmj-2023-074778
Year 2023,
Volume: 2 Issue: 5, 275 - 279, 27.12.2023
Abstract
Introductıon: To investigate the impact of Covid-19 infection on postmenopausal bleeding and endometrial sampling results in postmenopausal women.
Methods: Our study is a retrospective study, and it compares the demographic data, transvaginal ultrasound findings, and histopathological results of endometrial biopsies in postmenopausal women who had postmenopausal bleeding or underwent endometrial sampling due to asymptomatic endometrial thickness increase of the groups of those who had and had not experienced Covid-19 at Ankara City Hospital between October and December 2020.
Results: Among the 274 patients included in our study, it was observed that biopsies were taken from 173 (63.13%) due to postmenopausal bleeding (PMB), and from 101 (31.86%) asymptomatic women due to increased endometrial thickness. It was determined that 60 (21.89%) of the women had experienced Covid-19 infection. The mean endometrial thickness in patients who underwent biopsy was 8.93±6.42mm, and no significant difference was observed between the measured endometrial thickness in the groups who had and had not experienced Covid-19 (7.98±4.80 vs 9.20±6.79; p=0.17). It was observed that 37 of the 173 patients (21.39%) who had samples taken due to PMB had experienced Covid-19. In both groups of patients who had and had not experienced Covid-19, no significant difference was observed in the rates of postmenopausal bleeding and in the benign and malignant pathology results from the histopathological examination (p > 0.05).
Conclusion:In terms of our study in postmenopausal women, it was observed that Covid-19 infection did not affect the rates of postmenopausal bleeding and endometrial biopsy results.
Correspondence
References
- 1. Lei S, Jiang F, Su W, et al. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients undergoing surgeries during the incubation period of COVID-19 infection. EClinicalMedicine. 2020;21:100331. doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100331
- 2. Elrobaa IH, New KJ. COVID-19: pulmonary and extra pulmonary manifestations. Front Public Health 2021;9:711616
- 3. Jing Y, Run-Qian L, Hao-Ran W, et al. Potential influence of COVID-19/ACE2 on the female reproductive system. Mol Hum Reprod. 2020;26(6):367-373. doi:10.1093/molehr/gaaa030
- 4. de Miguel-Gómez L, Sebastián-León P, Romeu M, et al. Endometrial gene expression differences in women with coronavirus disease 2019. Fertil Steril. 2022;118(6):1159-1169. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2022.09.013
- 5. Lebar V, Laganà AS, Chiantera V, Kunič T, Lukanović D. The Effect of COVID-19 on the Menstrual Cycle: A Systematic Review. J Clin Med. 2022;11(13):3800. Published 2022 Jun 30. doi:10.3390/jcm11133800
- 6. Yang J, Li H, Hu S, Zhou Y. ACE2 correlated with immune infiltration serves as a prognostic biomarker in endometrial carcinoma and renal papillary cell carcinoma: implication for COVID-19. Aging (Albany NY). 2020;12(8):6518-6535. doi:10.18632/aging.103100
- 7. Ashraf UM, Abokor AA, Edwards JM, et al. SARS-CoV-2, ACE2 expression, and systemic organ invasion. Physiol Genomics. 2021;53(2):51-60. doi:10.1152/physiolgenomics.00087.2020
- 8. Bracco Suarez MB, Benetti-Pinto CL, Gibran L, Yela DA. Asymptomatic postmenopausal women: what are the risk factors for endometrial malignancies? A multicentric retrospective study. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2021;37(9):853-856. doi:10.1080/09513590.2020.1843621
- 9. ACOG Committee on Gynecologic Practice. ACOG Committee Opinion No. 356: Routine cancer screening. Obstet Gynecol. 2006;108(6):1611-1613. doi:10.1097/00006250-200612000-00060
- 10. Wolfman W, Leyland N, Heywood M, et al. Asymptomatic endometrial thickening. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2010;32(10):990–999.
- 11. Giannella L, Mfuta K, Setti T, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of endometrial thickness for the detection of intra-uterine pathologies and appropriateness of performed hysteroscopies among asymptomatic postmenopausal women. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2014;177: 29–33
- 12. ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 149. Endometrial cancer. Obstet Gynecol. 2015;125(4):1006–1026.
- 13. ACOG Committee Opinion No. 440: The Role of Transvaginal Ultrasonography in the Evaluation of Postmenopausal Bleeding. Obstet Gynecol. 2009;114(2 Pt 1):409-411. doi:10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181b48feb
- 14. Yousif, M. G., Al-Maliki, L., Al-Baghdadi, J. J., & Yousif, N. G. Post-COVID-19 Effects on Female Fertility: An In-Depth Scientific Investigation. arXiv preprint arXiv 2023;2307.12922.
- 15. Li K, Chen G, Hou H, Liao Q, Chen J, Bai H, et al. Analysis of sex hormones and menstruation in COVID-19 women of child-bearing age. Reprod Biomed Online. 2021;42:260–7
- 16. https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/depo/birimler/kanserdb/Dokumanlar/Istatistikler/Kanser_Rapor_2018.pdf
- 17. Colombo N, Creutzberg C, Amant F, et al. ESMO-ESGO-ESTRO Consensus Conference on Endometrial Cancer: Diagnosis, Treatment and Follow-up. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2016; 26: 2-30.
- 18. Khan S., Shilen A., Heslin K., Ishimwe P., Allen A., Jacobs E., Farland L. SARS-CoV-2 infection and subsequent changes in the menstrual cycle among participants in the Arizona CoVHORT study. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 2022;226:270–273. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2021.09.016.
- 19. Li XF, Ahmed A. Expression of angiotensin II and its receptor subtypes in endometrial hyperplasia: a possible role in dysfunctional menstruation. Lab Invest 1996b;75:137-145.
- 20. Vaz-Silva J, Carneiro MM, Ferreira MC, Pinheiro SV, Silva DA, Silva-Filho AL, Witz CA, Reis AM, Santos RA, Reis FM. The vasoactive peptide angiotensin-(1-7), its receptor Mas and the angiotensin-converting enzyme type 2 are expressed in the human endometrium. Reprod Sci 2009;16:247-256
- 21. Madaan S, Talwar D, Jaiswal A, et al. Post-COVID-19 menstrual abnormalities and infertility: Repercussions of the pandemic. J Educ Health Promot. 2022;11:170.
- 22. Suh-Burgmann EJ, Tierney C, Hung YY, Schmittdiel JA. Association between vaccination against COVID-19 and postmenopausal bleeding. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2022;227(6):907-908. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2022.07.006
- 23. Ljung R, Xu Y, Sundström A, et al. Association between SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and healthcare contacts for menstrual disturbance and bleeding in women before and after menopause: nationwide, register based cohort study. BMJ. 2023;381:e074778. Published 2023 May 3. doi:10.1136/bmj-2023-074778
There are 23 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Traditional, Complementary and Integrative Medicine (Other) |
| Journal Section | Research Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | December 27, 2023 |
| Submission Date | November 7, 2023 |
| Acceptance Date | December 5, 2023 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2023 Volume: 2 Issue: 5 |
