COVID-19 Pandemi Sürecinde Kadınlara Yönelik Aile İçi Şiddet Sıklığı ve İyilik Hali ile İlişkili Faktörler

Esra Çevik; Filiz Aslantekin Özçoban; Sevil Çiçek Özdemir

Research Article

COVID-19 Pandemi Sürecinde Kadınlara Yönelik Aile İçi Şiddet Sıklığı ve İyilik Hali ile İlişkili Faktörler

Year 2023, Volume: 7 Issue: 3, 159 - 171, 24.12.2023

Esra Çevik Filiz Aslantekin Özçoban Sevil Çiçek Özdemir

Abstract

Bu araştırma, COVID-19 pandemi sürecinde kadınlara yönelik aile içi şiddet sıklığı ile iyilik hali ve ilişkili faktörleri saptamak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Kesitsel tipteki bu çalışma Mart- Ağustos 2021 tarihleri arasında 18 yaş ve üzeri 417 evli kadınla yürütülmüştür. Veriler, sosyodemografik özellikler soru formu, WHO-5 İyilik Hali İndeksi ve Aile İçi Kadına Yönelik Şiddet Ölçeği (AKŞÖ) ile toplanmıştır. Araştırma grubunda AKŞÖ toplam puan ortalaması 66.60±13.89, Fiziksel Şiddet alt boyutu puan ortalaması 10.50±2.12, Duygusal Şiddet alt boyut puan ortalaması 16.27±2.55, Sözel Şiddet alt boyut puan ortalaması 13.30±3.97, Ekonomik Şiddet alt boyut puan ortalaması 13.12±3.15, Cinsel Şiddet alt boyut puan ortalaması 12.46±3.14, WHO-5 İyilik Hali İndeksi puan ortalaması 11.13±5.70’tir. Eşin eğitim durumu düşük olanlarda (B=-3.439, p=0.001), sigara kullananlarda (B=4.201, p=0.018), eşi alkol kullananlarda (B=5.438, p=0.000), pandemi öncesi şiddet görenlerde (B=5.947, p=0.004), pandemide şiddet görenlerde (B=5.595, p=0.002), iyilik hali kötü olanlarda (B=-2.891, p=0.046), AKŞÖ puanı yüksektir. Araştırma grubundaki kişilerin aile içi şiddete maruziyeti orta düzeyde olup duygusal ve sözel şiddet yüksektir. Pandemi gibi olağandışı durumlarda risk grubu kişilere yönelik erişilebilir hizmet sunumu yaygınlaştırılmalıdır.

Keywords

Aile içi şiddet, pandemi, psikolojik iyilik hali

Supporting Institution

Project Number

Thanks

Çalışmaya katılan tüm kadınlara teşekkür ederiz.

References

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Abuhammad, S. (2021). Violence against Jordanian women during COVID‐19 outbreak. International Journal of Clinical Practice, 75(3), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcp.13824.
Adıbelli, D., Sümen, A., & Teskereci, G. (2021). Domestic violence against women during the Covid-19 pandemic: Turkey sample. Health Care for Women International, 42(3), 335-350.
Akbaş, M., Sulu, R., & Gozuyesil, E. (2021). Women’s health anxiety and psychological wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic. A descriptive study. Sao Paulo Medical Journal, 139(5), 496-504.
Akkaş, İ., & Uyanık, Z. (2016). Kadına yönelik şiddet. Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Entitüsü Dergisi, 6(1), 32-42.
Almeida, M., Shrestha, A.D., Stojanac, D., & Miller, L.J. (2020). The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on women’s mental health. Archives of Women's Mental Health, 23(6), 741-748. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-020-01092-2.
Aile ve Sosyal Politikalar Bakanlığı (2015). Türkiye’de kadına yönelik aile içi şiddet araştırması. https://openaccess.hacettepe.edu.tr/xmlui/bitstream/handle/11655/23338/KKSA-TRAnaRaporKitap pdf?sequ ence=1&isAllowed=y adresinden 18 Mayıs 2021 tarihinde alınmıştır.
Bau, N., Khanna, G., Low, C., Shah M., Sharming, S., & Voenag, A. (2022). Women's well-being during a pandemic and its containment. Journal of Development Economics, 156, 102839. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2022.102839
Bergman, S., Bjornholt, M., & Helseth, H. (2021). Norwegian shelters for victims of domestic violence in the COVID-19 pandemic – navigating the new normal. Journal of Family Violence,37, 927-937. https://Doi.Org/10.1007/S10896-021-00273-6
Boxall, H., Morgan, A., & Brown, R. (2020). The prevalence of domestic violence among women during the COVID-19 pandemic. Australasian Policing, 12(3), 38-46.
Croda, E., & Grossbard, S. (2021). Women pay the price of COVID-19 more than men. Review of Economics of the Household, 19, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11150-021-09549-8.
Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2021). EpiInfo, division of health informatics & surveillance (DHIS), center for surveillance, epidemiology & laboratory services. https://www.cdc.gov/epiinfo/support/downloads.html adresinden 12.01.2021 tarihinde alınmıştır.
Erdoğdu, Y., Koçoğlu, F., & Sevim, C. (2020). COVID-19 pandemisi sürecinde anksiyete ile umutsuzluk düzeylerinin psikososyal ve demografik değişkenlere göre incelenmesi. Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi, 23(1), 24-37. doı: 10.5505/kpd.2020.35403.
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Ertan, D., El-Hage, W., Thierrée, S, Javelot,H., Hingray, C. (2020). COVID-19: Urgency for distancing from domestic violence. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 11(1), 1800245.
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Gadermann, A.C., Thomson, K.C., Richardson, C.G., Gagné, M., McAuliffe, C., Hirani, S., & Jenkins, E. (2021). Examining the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on family mental health in Canada: findings from a national cross-sectional study. BMJ Open, 11(1), e042871
Hamzaoğlu, N., Rozant-Reisyan, R., & Kalfoglou, S. (2023). The evaluation of depression levels and domestic violence during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Social Work in Public Health, 38(1), 47-57.
John, N., Casey, S.E., Carino, G., & McGovern, T. (2020). Lessons never learned: Crisis and gender-based violence. Developing World Bioethics, 20(2), 65-68. doi: 10.1111/dewb.12261.
Kachanoff, F. J., Kteily, N. S., Khullar, T. H., Park, H. J., & Taylor, D. M. (2020). Determining our destiny: Do restrictions to collective autonomy fuel collective action? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 119(3), 600–632.
Kılıç, ÇB (1999). Aile içi kadına yönelik şiddetin belirlenmesi ve hemşirenin rolü. [Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü]. Erişim: Yükseköğretim Kurulu Ulusal Tez Merkezi.(ID: 91513)
Lades, L.K., Laffan, K., Daly, M., & Delaney, L. (2020). Daily emotional well‐being during the COVID‐19 pandemic. British Journal of Health Psychology, 25(4), 902-911.
Li, L.Z., & Wang, S. (2020). Prevalence and predictors of general psychiatric disorders and loneliness during COVID-19 in the United Kingdom. Psychiatry Research, 291, 113-267.
Lima, C.K.T., Carvalho, P.M.M., Lima, I.A.A.S., Nunes, J.V.A.O., Saraiva, J.S., Souza, R.I., da Silva, C.G.L., & Neto, M.L.R. (2020). The emotional impact of Coronavirus 2019-nCoV (new Coronavirus disease). Psychiatry research, 287, 112915.
Ornelas, I.J., Tornberg-Belanger, S., Balkus, J.E.., Bravo, P., Perez Solorio, S.A., Perez, G.E., & Tran, A.N. (2021). Coping with COVID-19: The impact of the pandemic on latina ımmigrant women's mental health and well-being. Health Education & Behavior, 48(6), 733-738.
Sharma, A., & Borah, S.B. (2022). Covid-19 and domestic violence: An indirect path to social and economic crisis. Journal of Family Violence, 37, 759-765.
Sánchez, O.R., Vale, D.B., Rodrigues, L., & Surita, F.G. (2020). Violence against women during the COVID-19 pandemic: An integrative review. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 151(2), 180-187.
Sediri, S., Zgueb, Y., Ouanes, S., Ouali, U., Bourgou, S., Jomli, R., & Nacef, F. (2020). Women’s mental health: acute impact of COVID-19 pandemic on domestic violence. Archives of Women's Mental Health, 23(6), 749-756.
Sibley, C.G., Greaves, L.M., Satherley, N., Wilson, M.S., Overall, N.C., Lee, C.H.L., Milojev, P., Bulbulia, J., Osborne, D., Milfont, T.L., Houkamau, C.A., Duck, I.M., Vickers-Jones, R., & Barlow, F.K. (2020). Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and nationwide lockdown on trust, attitudes toward government, and well-being. American Psychologist, 75(5), 618.
Sosyopolitik Saha Araştırmaları Merkezi (2020). Covid-19 karantinasından kadının etkilenimi ile kadın ve çocuğa yönelik şiddete ilişkin Türkiye Araştırma Raporu. https://k2y.53a.myftpupload.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/kadın-covid-ek.pdf adresinden 20 Mayıs 2022 tarihinde ulaşılmıştır.
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Thibaut, F., & Van Wijngaarden-Cremers, P.J. (2020). Women's mental health in the time of Covid-19 pandemic. Frontiers in Global Women's Health, 1, 1-6.
Ueda, M., Stickley, A., Sueki, H., & Matsubayashi, T. (2020). Mental health status of the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional national survey in Japan. MedRxiv, 30(1), 1-14.
UNFPA (2020). Toplumsal cinsiyet eşitliği ve toplumsal cinsiyete dayalı şiddet ile koronavirüs hastalığına (covıd-19) yönelik önlem, koruma ve müdahale. https://turkey.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/türkçe_versiyon_covid- paredness_and_Response_UNFPA_Interim_Technical_Briefs_Gender_Equality adresinden 15 Mart 2021 tarihinde ulaşılmıştır.
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Van Gelder, N., Peterman, A, Potts, A., O'Donnell, M., Thompson, K., Shah, N., Oertelt-Prigione, S., & Gender and COVID-19 working group. (2020). COVID-19: Reducing the risk of infection might increase the risk of intimate partner violence. E Clinical Medicine, 21, 100348.
Viglione, G. (2020). Are women publishing less during the pandemic? Here’s what the data say. Nature. 581(7809), 365- 366.
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The Factors Related to Domestic Violence Frequency and Well-Being in Women during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Year 2023, Volume: 7 Issue: 3, 159 - 171, 24.12.2023

Esra Çevik Filiz Aslantekin Özçoban Sevil Çiçek Özdemir

Abstract

This study was conducted to determine the frequency of domestic violence against women and well-being and related factors during the COVID-19 pandemic. This cross-sectional study was conducted with 417 married women aged 18 and over between March and August 2021. The data were collected via sociodemographic questionnaire, Domestic Violence Against Women Scale (DVAWS) and WHO-5 Well-being Index. In the research group, the DVAWS mean score was 66.60±13.89, Physical Violence sub-dimension mean 10.50±2.12, Emotional Violence sub-dimension mean 16.27±2.55, Verbal Violence sub-dimension mean 13.30±3.97, Economic Violence sub-dimension mean score was 13.12±3.15, Sexual Violence sub-dimension mean score was 12.46±3.14, WHO-5 Well-being Index mean score was 11.13±5.70. The lower the education level of the spouse (B=-3.439, p=0.001), the more he smokes (B=4.201, p=0.018), the ones whose spouse uses alcohol (B=5.438, p=0.000), those who experienced violence before the pandemic (B=5.947, p=0.004), those who were exposed to violence during the pandemic (B=5.595, p=0.002), and those who had poor well-being (B=-2.891, p=0.046) had a higher score on DVAWS. Exposure to domestic violence of the people in the research group is moderate, and emotional and verbal violence is high. The accessible service provision for risk group people should be expanded in extraordinary situations such as pandemics.

Keywords

pandemic, Domestic violence, psychological well-being

Project Number

References

Abay, E., & Akın, A. (2021). Covid-19 salgınında; Dünyada ve Türkiye’de kadınlara yönelik şiddet ve toplumsal cinsiyet. Sağlık ve Toplum, 31(3), 11-16.
Abuhammad, S. (2021). Violence against Jordanian women during COVID‐19 outbreak. International Journal of Clinical Practice, 75(3), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcp.13824.
Adıbelli, D., Sümen, A., & Teskereci, G. (2021). Domestic violence against women during the Covid-19 pandemic: Turkey sample. Health Care for Women International, 42(3), 335-350.
Akbaş, M., Sulu, R., & Gozuyesil, E. (2021). Women’s health anxiety and psychological wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic. A descriptive study. Sao Paulo Medical Journal, 139(5), 496-504.
Akkaş, İ., & Uyanık, Z. (2016). Kadına yönelik şiddet. Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Entitüsü Dergisi, 6(1), 32-42.
Almeida, M., Shrestha, A.D., Stojanac, D., & Miller, L.J. (2020). The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on women’s mental health. Archives of Women's Mental Health, 23(6), 741-748. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-020-01092-2.
Aile ve Sosyal Politikalar Bakanlığı (2015). Türkiye’de kadına yönelik aile içi şiddet araştırması. https://openaccess.hacettepe.edu.tr/xmlui/bitstream/handle/11655/23338/KKSA-TRAnaRaporKitap pdf?sequ ence=1&isAllowed=y adresinden 18 Mayıs 2021 tarihinde alınmıştır.
Bau, N., Khanna, G., Low, C., Shah M., Sharming, S., & Voenag, A. (2022). Women's well-being during a pandemic and its containment. Journal of Development Economics, 156, 102839. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2022.102839
Bergman, S., Bjornholt, M., & Helseth, H. (2021). Norwegian shelters for victims of domestic violence in the COVID-19 pandemic – navigating the new normal. Journal of Family Violence,37, 927-937. https://Doi.Org/10.1007/S10896-021-00273-6
Boxall, H., Morgan, A., & Brown, R. (2020). The prevalence of domestic violence among women during the COVID-19 pandemic. Australasian Policing, 12(3), 38-46.
Croda, E., & Grossbard, S. (2021). Women pay the price of COVID-19 more than men. Review of Economics of the Household, 19, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11150-021-09549-8.
Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2021). EpiInfo, division of health informatics & surveillance (DHIS), center for surveillance, epidemiology & laboratory services. https://www.cdc.gov/epiinfo/support/downloads.html adresinden 12.01.2021 tarihinde alınmıştır.
Erdoğdu, Y., Koçoğlu, F., & Sevim, C. (2020). COVID-19 pandemisi sürecinde anksiyete ile umutsuzluk düzeylerinin psikososyal ve demografik değişkenlere göre incelenmesi. Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi, 23(1), 24-37. doı: 10.5505/kpd.2020.35403.
Ergönen, A.T., Biçen, E., & Ersoy, G. (2020). COVID-19 salgınında ev içi şiddet. Özel Sayı Adli Tıp Bülteni, 25, 48-57. doi: 10.17986/blm.2020.v25i.1408.
Ertan, D., El-Hage, W., Thierrée, S, Javelot,H., Hingray, C. (2020). COVID-19: Urgency for distancing from domestic violence. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 11(1), 1800245.
Eser, E., Çevik, C., Baydur, H., Güneş, S., Esgin, T.A., Öztekin, Ç.S., Eker, E., Gümüşsoy, U., Eser, G.B., & Özyurt, B. (2019). Reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the WHO-5, in adults and older adults for its use in primary care settings. Primary Health Care Research & Development, 1(20), 2-4.
Gadermann, A.C., Thomson, K.C., Richardson, C.G., Gagné, M., McAuliffe, C., Hirani, S., & Jenkins, E. (2021). Examining the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on family mental health in Canada: findings from a national cross-sectional study. BMJ Open, 11(1), e042871
Hamzaoğlu, N., Rozant-Reisyan, R., & Kalfoglou, S. (2023). The evaluation of depression levels and domestic violence during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Social Work in Public Health, 38(1), 47-57.
John, N., Casey, S.E., Carino, G., & McGovern, T. (2020). Lessons never learned: Crisis and gender-based violence. Developing World Bioethics, 20(2), 65-68. doi: 10.1111/dewb.12261.
Kachanoff, F. J., Kteily, N. S., Khullar, T. H., Park, H. J., & Taylor, D. M. (2020). Determining our destiny: Do restrictions to collective autonomy fuel collective action? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 119(3), 600–632.
Kılıç, ÇB (1999). Aile içi kadına yönelik şiddetin belirlenmesi ve hemşirenin rolü. [Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü]. Erişim: Yükseköğretim Kurulu Ulusal Tez Merkezi.(ID: 91513)
Lades, L.K., Laffan, K., Daly, M., & Delaney, L. (2020). Daily emotional well‐being during the COVID‐19 pandemic. British Journal of Health Psychology, 25(4), 902-911.
Li, L.Z., & Wang, S. (2020). Prevalence and predictors of general psychiatric disorders and loneliness during COVID-19 in the United Kingdom. Psychiatry Research, 291, 113-267.
Lima, C.K.T., Carvalho, P.M.M., Lima, I.A.A.S., Nunes, J.V.A.O., Saraiva, J.S., Souza, R.I., da Silva, C.G.L., & Neto, M.L.R. (2020). The emotional impact of Coronavirus 2019-nCoV (new Coronavirus disease). Psychiatry research, 287, 112915.
Ornelas, I.J., Tornberg-Belanger, S., Balkus, J.E.., Bravo, P., Perez Solorio, S.A., Perez, G.E., & Tran, A.N. (2021). Coping with COVID-19: The impact of the pandemic on latina ımmigrant women's mental health and well-being. Health Education & Behavior, 48(6), 733-738.
Sharma, A., & Borah, S.B. (2022). Covid-19 and domestic violence: An indirect path to social and economic crisis. Journal of Family Violence, 37, 759-765.
Sánchez, O.R., Vale, D.B., Rodrigues, L., & Surita, F.G. (2020). Violence against women during the COVID-19 pandemic: An integrative review. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 151(2), 180-187.
Sediri, S., Zgueb, Y., Ouanes, S., Ouali, U., Bourgou, S., Jomli, R., & Nacef, F. (2020). Women’s mental health: acute impact of COVID-19 pandemic on domestic violence. Archives of Women's Mental Health, 23(6), 749-756.
Sibley, C.G., Greaves, L.M., Satherley, N., Wilson, M.S., Overall, N.C., Lee, C.H.L., Milojev, P., Bulbulia, J., Osborne, D., Milfont, T.L., Houkamau, C.A., Duck, I.M., Vickers-Jones, R., & Barlow, F.K. (2020). Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and nationwide lockdown on trust, attitudes toward government, and well-being. American Psychologist, 75(5), 618.
Sosyopolitik Saha Araştırmaları Merkezi (2020). Covid-19 karantinasından kadının etkilenimi ile kadın ve çocuğa yönelik şiddete ilişkin Türkiye Araştırma Raporu. https://k2y.53a.myftpupload.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/kadın-covid-ek.pdf adresinden 20 Mayıs 2022 tarihinde ulaşılmıştır.
Sönmez Güngör, E., Yılmaz Karaman, İ.G., Erim, B.R., Güvenç, H.R., Ergül, C., Laçiner, K., Oruç, G.A., Altun, F.D., Erkan, A., Erzin, G., Toprak, E., & Akvardar, Y. (2023). Intimate partner violence during the COVID-19 pandemic: An online survey. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 26(1), 47-59.
Sümen, A., & Adıbelli, D. (2020). The effect of coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak on the mental well-being and mental health of individuals. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 57(3), 1041-1049.
Thibaut, F., & Van Wijngaarden-Cremers, P.J. (2020). Women's mental health in the time of Covid-19 pandemic. Frontiers in Global Women's Health, 1, 1-6.
Ueda, M., Stickley, A., Sueki, H., & Matsubayashi, T. (2020). Mental health status of the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional national survey in Japan. MedRxiv, 30(1), 1-14.
UNFPA (2020). Toplumsal cinsiyet eşitliği ve toplumsal cinsiyete dayalı şiddet ile koronavirüs hastalığına (covıd-19) yönelik önlem, koruma ve müdahale. https://turkey.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/türkçe_versiyon_covid- paredness_and_Response_UNFPA_Interim_Technical_Briefs_Gender_Equality adresinden 15 Mart 2021 tarihinde ulaşılmıştır.
Usher, K., Bhullar, N., Durkin. J., Gyamfi, N., & Jackson, D. (2020). Family violence and COVID-19: Increased vulnerability and reduced options for support. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 29(4):549-552. https://doi.org/10.1111/inm.12735.
Ünal, B., & Gülseren, L. (2020). COVID-19 pandemisinin görünmeyen yüzü: Aile içi kadına yönelik şiddet. Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi, 23, 89-94.
Van Gelder, N., Peterman, A, Potts, A., O'Donnell, M., Thompson, K., Shah, N., Oertelt-Prigione, S., & Gender and COVID-19 working group. (2020). COVID-19: Reducing the risk of infection might increase the risk of intimate partner violence. E Clinical Medicine, 21, 100348.
Viglione, G. (2020). Are women publishing less during the pandemic? Here’s what the data say. Nature. 581(7809), 365- 366.
World Health Organization. (1998). Wellbeing measures in primary health care/the Depcare Project: report on a WHO meeting. https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/349766/WHO-EURO-1998-4234-43993-62027-eng.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed adresinden 20 Mart 2021 tarihinde alınmıştır.
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Details

Primary Language	Turkish
Subjects	Health Care Administration
Journal Section	Research Article
Authors	Esra Çevik 0000-0002-7464-439X Filiz Aslantekin Özçoban 0000-0002-0402-6959 Sevil Çiçek Özdemir 0000-0001-6478-4236
Project Number	-
Early Pub Date	December 18, 2023
Publication Date	December 24, 2023
Published in Issue	Year 2023 Volume: 7 Issue: 3

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APA	Çevik, E., Aslantekin Özçoban, F., & Çiçek Özdemir, S. (2023). COVID-19 Pandemi Sürecinde Kadınlara Yönelik Aile İçi Şiddet Sıklığı ve İyilik Hali ile İlişkili Faktörler. Kırşehir Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(3), 159-171.

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