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YERLİ VE YABANCI KRONİK HEPATİT C HASTALARINDA HCV GENOTİPLERİNİN DAĞILIMI: ALTI YILLIK DEĞERLENDİRME

Year 2022, Volume: 36 Issue: 3, 101 - 107, 30.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.54962/ankemderg.1216808

Abstract

Kronik Hepatit C enfeksiyonunun tedavisi ve prognozunun belirlenmesinde Hepatit C virüs (HCV) genotip tayini kilit rol oynamaktadır. HCV genotip dağılımı, bölgesel farklılıklar gösterdiği için güncel verilerin takibi önemlidir. Bu çalışmada İstanbul ilinde altı yıllık süre içinde HCV genotip dağılımının ve dağılımdaki değişikliklerin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Çalışmaya, hastanemize Ocak 2016-Aralık 2021 tarihleri arasında başvuran ve HCV genotiplendirmesi yapılan erişkin hastalar dahil edilmiştir. Hastalara ait demografik veriler hastane elektronik bilgi sistemi üzerinden retrospektif olarak incelenmiştir.
Çalışmaya alınan 386 hastanın %52.1’i kadın, ortalama yaş 56.1±15.5 idi. Hastaların %59.3’ünde Genotip1b, %15.3’ünde Genotip 3, %10.6’sında Genotip 1a, %2.6’sında Genotip 2, %2.6’sında miks genotip ve %2.1’inde Genotip 4 saptanmıştır. Genotip 1b’de 2018 yılında bir artış saptanırken, Genotip 3 2021 yılında, 2019 ve öncesine göre daha yüksek oranda bulunmuştur. Genotip 4, 2016' ya göre 2019 ve 2020 yıllarında anlamlı düzeyde daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Miks genotip’in son üç yılda 2017'ye göre anlamlı düzeyde yüksek olduğu saptanmıştır. Yaş, cinsiyet ve viral yük açısından genotip dağılımında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark bulunmamıştır.
Sonuç olarak, hastalarımızda en sık saptanan Genotip1b, genotipler arasında ilk sıradaki yerini hala korumaktadır. Genotip 3 ve 4 oranları ise yıllar içinde anlamlı düzeyde değişikliğe uğramış ve her iki genotipin büyük çoğunluğunu yerli hastaların oluşturması dikkat çekici bulunmuştur. İstanbul hem turistik faaliyetler hem de göç sebebiyle farklı coğrafyalardan insan hareketliliğinin yoğun olduğu bir şehir olması sebebiyle, HCV genotip değişimlerinden farklı düzeyde etkilenmektedir. Bu değişimlerin düzenli takibi; tedavi seçimine yön vermesi ve prognozun belirlenmesinin yanısıra, yerel kontrol programlarının geliştirilmesi noktasında epidemiyolojik veriye katkı sağlaması açısından da önemlidir.

References

  • 1. Ağca H, Ener B, Sağlık İ, Yılmaz E, Kazak E. Hepatit C virüsü genotiplerinin retrospektif incelenmesi. Turk Mikrobiyol Cemiy Derg. 2021;51(3):303-8.
  • 2. Alacam S, Bakir A, Karatas A. Hepatitis C virus genotypes and viremia in a tertiary hospital in Istanbul, Turkey. J Infect Dev Ctries. 2022;16:668-74.
  • 3. Altindis M, Dal T, Akyar I, et al. Six-year distribution pattern of hepatitis C virus in Turkey: A multicentre study. Biotechnol Biotec Eq. 2015;30(2):335-40.
  • 4. Aydın Ö. Genotype distributions and hepatitis B coinfection in hepatitis C patients at a university hospital. Viral Hepat J. 2021;27(1):13-8.
  • 5. Bulut ME, Topalca US, Murat A, et al. HCV genotype distribution of patients with chronic hepatitis C in Istanbul. Med Bull Sisli Etfal Hosp. 2021;55(1):86-92.
  • 6. Caliskan A, Kirisci O, Ozkaya E, et al. Distribution and predominance of genotype 3 in hepatitis c virus carriers in the province of Kahramanmaras, Turkey. Hepat Mon. 2015;15(4):e25142.
  • 7. Cetin AD, Kibar F, Cetiner S, Yaman A. Determination of hepatitis C virus genotype and HCV infection transmission routes in Cukurova University Medical Faculty Hospital. Turk Hij Den Biyol Derg. 2017;74(3):201-10.
  • 8. Cirit OS, Uzala Mızraklı A, Vurupalmaz Y, Gümüş HH, Özturhan H, Barış A. Genotyping distribution of hepatitis C virus in Şanlıurfa province and effect of Syrian patients. Viral Hepat J. 2019;25(2):62-6.
  • 9. Çabalak M, Bal T, Demir M, Ocak S, Önlen Y. Genotype distribution of hepatitis C virus in Hatay province of Turkey. Viral Hepat J. 2020;26(2):56-60.
  • 10. Çizmeci Z. The distribution of hepatitis C virus genotypes in patients with chronic hepatitis c infection. Türk Mikrobiyol Cem Derg. 2016;46(1):27-32.
  • 11. Erman Daloğlu A, Parkan ÖM, Erdoğan A, et al. Damar içi madde bağımlılığı olan ve madde bağımlısı olmayan hastalar arasında hepatit C virus (HCV) genotiplerinin dağılımı. Mikrobiyol Bul. 2021;55(1):30-40.
  • 12. Guntipalli P, Pakala R, Kumari Gara S, et al. Worldwide prevalence, genotype distribution and management of hepatitis C. Acta Gastroenterol Belg. 2021;84(4): 637-56.
  • 13. Gülseren YD, Esenkaya Taşbent F, Özdemir M, Feyzioğlu B. Kronik hepatit C infeksiyonu olan hastalarda hepatit C genotipleri: üç yıllık sonuçların değerlendirilmesi. FLORA 2020;25(3):347-53.
  • 14. Haciseyitoğlu D, Can Sarınoğlu R, Gözalan A, Batırel A, Söyletir G. Distribution of hepatitis C virus genotypes in patients diagnosed with hepatitis C in our hospital: 2015-2018. Mediterr J Infect Microb Antimicrob. 2021;10: 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4274/mjima.galenos.2021.2020.7
  • 15. Karabulut N, Alacam S, Yolcu A, Onel M, Agacfidan A. Distribution of hepatitis C virus genotypes in Istanbul, Turkey. Indian J Med Microbiol. 2018;36(2):192-6.
  • 16. Keikha M, Eslami M, Yousefi B, et al. HCV genotypes and their determinative role in hepatitis C treatment. Virusdisease. 2020;31(3):235-40.
  • 17. Kulah C, Altindis M, Akyar I, et al. The prevalence of mixed genotype infections in Turkish patients with hepatitis C: a multicentered assessment. Clin Lab. 2019;65(4):485-90.
  • 18. Kuru C, Hamidi AA. Genotype distribution of hepatitis C virus and demographic features of the patients in the province of Karabük. Viral Hepat J. 2020;26(3):163-6.
  • 19. Öz S, Köroğlu M, Özbek A, et al. Sakarya ilinde hepatit C virüs genotip dağılımı; üç yıllık retrospektif çalışma. OTSBD. 2019;4(4):444-53.
  • 20. Özkaya E, Buruk CK, Aydın F, Kaklıkkaya N, Baran I, Tosun İ. Distribution of hepatitis C virus genotypes: 18-year experience in an academic center. Viral Hepat J. 2021;27(3):118-23.
  • 21. Petruzziello A, Marigliano S, Loquercio G, Cacciapuoti C. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes distribution: an epidemiological update in Europe. Infect Agent Cancer. 2016;11:53. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13027-016-0099-0
  • 22. Roudot-Thoraval F. Epidemiology of hepatitis C virus infection. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol. 2021;45(3): 101596.
  • 23. Sarı ND, Karatas A, İnci A, Yörük G. Evaluation of hepatitis C virus genotype distribution in domestic and foreign patients. Türkiye Klinikleri J Med Sci. 2020;40(2):148-53.
  • 24. Selek MB, Baylan O, Karagöz E, Özyurt M. Changes in hepatitis C virus genotype distribution in chronic hepatitis C infection patients. Indian J Med Microbiol. 2018;36(3):416-21.
  • 25. Spearman CW, Dusheiko GM, Hellard M, Sonderup M. Hepatitis C. Lancet. 2019;394:1451-66.
  • 26. Tiryaki Y, Çetin-Duran A, Özçolpan OO. Distribution of hepatitis C virus genotypes in Aydın Province. Viral Hepat J. 2018;24(3):70-4.
  • 27. Üçbilek E, Abayli B, Koyuncu MB, et al. Distribution of hepatitis C virus genotypes among intravenous drug users in the Çukurova region of Turkey. Turk J Med Sci. 2016;46(1):66-71.
  • 28. World Health Organization (WHO). Global health sector strategy on viral hepatitis, 2016-2021. https://www.who.int/hepatitis/strategy2016-2021/ghss-hep/en/ (erişim tarihi: 9 Şubat 2022)
  • 29. Yetim A, Şahin M. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in youth with illicit drug use: sociodemographic evaluation and HCV genotype analysis. Klimik Derg. 2018;31(3):190-4.
  • 30. Zeytinli UO, Yücel FM, Dincer SD, Yanılmaz O, Aksaray S, Özdil K. Distribution of Hepatitis C Virus Genotypes in the Region of İstanbul Northern Anatolian Association of Public Hospitals. Viral Hepat J. 2017;23(1):10-3.

Distribution of HCV Genotypes in Local and Foreign Chronic Hepatitis C Patients: A Six-Year Evaluation

Year 2022, Volume: 36 Issue: 3, 101 - 107, 30.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.54962/ankemderg.1216808

Abstract

Determination of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes plays a key role in the treatment of hepatitis C infection. In this study, it was aimed to examine the change of HCV genotype distribution in Istanbul in a six-year period.
Adult patients who admitted to our hospital between January 2016 and December 2021 and underwent HCV genotyping were included in the study. Demographic data of the patients were analyzed retrospectively through the hospital electronic database.
Of the 386 patients, 52% were women, and the mean age was 56.1±15.5 years. Genotype 1b in 59.3%, Genotype 3 in 15.3%, Genotype 1a in 10.6%, Genotype 2 in 2.6%, mixed genotype in 2.6% and Genotype 4 in 2.1% of patients was detected. An increase was detected in Genotype 1b in 2018, while Genotype 3 was found at a higher rate in 2021 than in 2019 and before. Genotype 4 was found to be significantly higher in 2019 and 2020. Mix genotype was found to be significantly higher in the last three years compared to 2017. Genotype 2 was significantly higher in foreign nationals and Genotype 1a was higher in domestic patients. There was no statistically significant difference in genotype distribution in terms of age, gender and viral load.
As a result, genotype1b, the most commonly detected in our patients, still maintains its first place among the HCV genotypes. Genotype 3 and 4 rates have been significantly changed over the years and it was remarkable that domestic patients were the majority of both genotypes. Istanbul is affected by HCV genotype changes because it is a city where human mobility from different geographies is intense due to both touristic activities and migration. Regular monitoring of these changes is also important in terms of contributing to epidemiological data in the development of local control programs, as well as directing the treatment selection and determination of prognosis.

References

  • 1. Ağca H, Ener B, Sağlık İ, Yılmaz E, Kazak E. Hepatit C virüsü genotiplerinin retrospektif incelenmesi. Turk Mikrobiyol Cemiy Derg. 2021;51(3):303-8.
  • 2. Alacam S, Bakir A, Karatas A. Hepatitis C virus genotypes and viremia in a tertiary hospital in Istanbul, Turkey. J Infect Dev Ctries. 2022;16:668-74.
  • 3. Altindis M, Dal T, Akyar I, et al. Six-year distribution pattern of hepatitis C virus in Turkey: A multicentre study. Biotechnol Biotec Eq. 2015;30(2):335-40.
  • 4. Aydın Ö. Genotype distributions and hepatitis B coinfection in hepatitis C patients at a university hospital. Viral Hepat J. 2021;27(1):13-8.
  • 5. Bulut ME, Topalca US, Murat A, et al. HCV genotype distribution of patients with chronic hepatitis C in Istanbul. Med Bull Sisli Etfal Hosp. 2021;55(1):86-92.
  • 6. Caliskan A, Kirisci O, Ozkaya E, et al. Distribution and predominance of genotype 3 in hepatitis c virus carriers in the province of Kahramanmaras, Turkey. Hepat Mon. 2015;15(4):e25142.
  • 7. Cetin AD, Kibar F, Cetiner S, Yaman A. Determination of hepatitis C virus genotype and HCV infection transmission routes in Cukurova University Medical Faculty Hospital. Turk Hij Den Biyol Derg. 2017;74(3):201-10.
  • 8. Cirit OS, Uzala Mızraklı A, Vurupalmaz Y, Gümüş HH, Özturhan H, Barış A. Genotyping distribution of hepatitis C virus in Şanlıurfa province and effect of Syrian patients. Viral Hepat J. 2019;25(2):62-6.
  • 9. Çabalak M, Bal T, Demir M, Ocak S, Önlen Y. Genotype distribution of hepatitis C virus in Hatay province of Turkey. Viral Hepat J. 2020;26(2):56-60.
  • 10. Çizmeci Z. The distribution of hepatitis C virus genotypes in patients with chronic hepatitis c infection. Türk Mikrobiyol Cem Derg. 2016;46(1):27-32.
  • 11. Erman Daloğlu A, Parkan ÖM, Erdoğan A, et al. Damar içi madde bağımlılığı olan ve madde bağımlısı olmayan hastalar arasında hepatit C virus (HCV) genotiplerinin dağılımı. Mikrobiyol Bul. 2021;55(1):30-40.
  • 12. Guntipalli P, Pakala R, Kumari Gara S, et al. Worldwide prevalence, genotype distribution and management of hepatitis C. Acta Gastroenterol Belg. 2021;84(4): 637-56.
  • 13. Gülseren YD, Esenkaya Taşbent F, Özdemir M, Feyzioğlu B. Kronik hepatit C infeksiyonu olan hastalarda hepatit C genotipleri: üç yıllık sonuçların değerlendirilmesi. FLORA 2020;25(3):347-53.
  • 14. Haciseyitoğlu D, Can Sarınoğlu R, Gözalan A, Batırel A, Söyletir G. Distribution of hepatitis C virus genotypes in patients diagnosed with hepatitis C in our hospital: 2015-2018. Mediterr J Infect Microb Antimicrob. 2021;10: 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4274/mjima.galenos.2021.2020.7
  • 15. Karabulut N, Alacam S, Yolcu A, Onel M, Agacfidan A. Distribution of hepatitis C virus genotypes in Istanbul, Turkey. Indian J Med Microbiol. 2018;36(2):192-6.
  • 16. Keikha M, Eslami M, Yousefi B, et al. HCV genotypes and their determinative role in hepatitis C treatment. Virusdisease. 2020;31(3):235-40.
  • 17. Kulah C, Altindis M, Akyar I, et al. The prevalence of mixed genotype infections in Turkish patients with hepatitis C: a multicentered assessment. Clin Lab. 2019;65(4):485-90.
  • 18. Kuru C, Hamidi AA. Genotype distribution of hepatitis C virus and demographic features of the patients in the province of Karabük. Viral Hepat J. 2020;26(3):163-6.
  • 19. Öz S, Köroğlu M, Özbek A, et al. Sakarya ilinde hepatit C virüs genotip dağılımı; üç yıllık retrospektif çalışma. OTSBD. 2019;4(4):444-53.
  • 20. Özkaya E, Buruk CK, Aydın F, Kaklıkkaya N, Baran I, Tosun İ. Distribution of hepatitis C virus genotypes: 18-year experience in an academic center. Viral Hepat J. 2021;27(3):118-23.
  • 21. Petruzziello A, Marigliano S, Loquercio G, Cacciapuoti C. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes distribution: an epidemiological update in Europe. Infect Agent Cancer. 2016;11:53. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13027-016-0099-0
  • 22. Roudot-Thoraval F. Epidemiology of hepatitis C virus infection. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol. 2021;45(3): 101596.
  • 23. Sarı ND, Karatas A, İnci A, Yörük G. Evaluation of hepatitis C virus genotype distribution in domestic and foreign patients. Türkiye Klinikleri J Med Sci. 2020;40(2):148-53.
  • 24. Selek MB, Baylan O, Karagöz E, Özyurt M. Changes in hepatitis C virus genotype distribution in chronic hepatitis C infection patients. Indian J Med Microbiol. 2018;36(3):416-21.
  • 25. Spearman CW, Dusheiko GM, Hellard M, Sonderup M. Hepatitis C. Lancet. 2019;394:1451-66.
  • 26. Tiryaki Y, Çetin-Duran A, Özçolpan OO. Distribution of hepatitis C virus genotypes in Aydın Province. Viral Hepat J. 2018;24(3):70-4.
  • 27. Üçbilek E, Abayli B, Koyuncu MB, et al. Distribution of hepatitis C virus genotypes among intravenous drug users in the Çukurova region of Turkey. Turk J Med Sci. 2016;46(1):66-71.
  • 28. World Health Organization (WHO). Global health sector strategy on viral hepatitis, 2016-2021. https://www.who.int/hepatitis/strategy2016-2021/ghss-hep/en/ (erişim tarihi: 9 Şubat 2022)
  • 29. Yetim A, Şahin M. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in youth with illicit drug use: sociodemographic evaluation and HCV genotype analysis. Klimik Derg. 2018;31(3):190-4.
  • 30. Zeytinli UO, Yücel FM, Dincer SD, Yanılmaz O, Aksaray S, Özdil K. Distribution of Hepatitis C Virus Genotypes in the Region of İstanbul Northern Anatolian Association of Public Hospitals. Viral Hepat J. 2017;23(1):10-3.
There are 30 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Medical Microbiology
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Neslihan Arıcı This is me 0000-0003-4788-0044

Nilgün Kansak 0000-0002-1117-3906

Rıza Adaleti 0000-0001-9576-6794

Sebahat Aksaray 0000-0002-0552-1337

Handan Ankaralı 0000-0002-3613-0523

Publication Date December 30, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 36 Issue: 3

Cite

Vancouver Arıcı N, Kansak N, Adaleti R, Aksaray S, Ankaralı H. YERLİ VE YABANCI KRONİK HEPATİT C HASTALARINDA HCV GENOTİPLERİNİN DAĞILIMI: ALTI YILLIK DEĞERLENDİRME. ANKEM Derg. 2022;36(3):101-7.

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