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The Effect of Self-Stigma on Self-Esteem and Treatment Compliance in Individuals with Type-2 Diabetes: An Example in the Southeast of Türkiye

Year 2024, Issue: 8, 18 - 25, 29.04.2024

Zeliha Büyükbayram Genç Leyla Zengin Aydın

https://doi.org/10.58252/artukluhealth.1475124

Abstract

Introduction: The aim of the study is to examine the effect of self-stigma on self-esteem and treatment compliance in individuals with Type-2 diabetes.
Methods: This descriptive and correlational study was conducted with type 2 diabetes patients who applied to a hospital in southeast Turkey. The study was carried out between June and December 2022. The sample of the study consists of 172 patients who agreed to participate in the study. Participant Introductory Questionnaire, Self Stigma, Rosenberg Self-Esteem, and Morisky Medication Adherence Scale forms were used to collect data.
Results: In the study, the mean scores of patients’ self-stigma, self-esteem, and treatment adherence were 51.16±15.41, 17.84±3.31, and 5.66±2.25, respectively. The results also indicated that there was a significant negative correlation between the mean scores of individuals’ self-stigma, self-esteem, and adherence to treatment (p<0.05).
Conclusion: The study findings disclosed that the patients’ self-stigma and self-esteem were at a moderate level, and their treatment adherence was at a low level. The research revealed that as the self-stigma level of the patients increased, their self-esteem and treatment compliance levels decreased.

Keywords

Type 2 diabetes Self-stigma Self-esteem Adherence to treatment

References

  • Aloudah, N. M., Scott, N. W., Aljadhey, H. S., Araujo-Soares, V., Alrubeaan, K. A., & Watson, M. C. (2018). Medication adherence among patients with Type 2 diabetes: A mixed methods study. PLoS ONE, 13(12), e0207583. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0207583
  • Alshehri, K. A., Altuwaylie, T. M., Alqhtani, A., Albawab, A. A., & Almalki, A. H. (2020). Type 2 Diabetic Patients Adherence Towards Their Medications. Cureus, 12(2), e6932. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.6932
  • Alzubaidi, H., Namara, K. M., Samorinha, C., Saidawi, W., Versace, V. L., & Speight, J. (2022). Type 2 Diabetes Stigma Assessment Scale (DSAS-2): Cultural and linguistic adaptation and psychometric assessment of the Arabic version. Primary Care Diabetes, 16(5), 703-708. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcd.2022.08.004
  • Cho, S. E., Kwon, M., & Kim, S. A. (2022). Influence of Diabetes Knowledge, Self-Stigma, and Self-Care Behavior on Quality of Life in Patients with Diabetes. Healthcare, 10(10), 1983. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10101983
  • Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences (2. bs). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203771587
  • Çuhadaroğlu F. (1986). Self-esteem in adolescents, Unpublished master thesis Psychiatry. Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
  • Fadare, J., Olamoyegun, M., & Gbadegesin, B. (2015). Medication adherence and direct treatment cost among diabetes patients attending a tertiary healthcare facility in Ogbomosho, Nigeria. Malawi Medical Journal, 27(2), 65-70. https://doi.org/10.4314/mmj.v27i2.7
  • Gredig, D., & Bartelsen-Raemy, A. (2017). Diabetes-related stigma affects the quality of life of people living with diabetes mellitus in Switzerland: Implications for healthcare providers. Health & Social Care in the Community, 25(5), 1620-1633. https://doi.org/10.1111/hsc.12376
  • Harper, K. J., Osborn, C. Y., & Mayberry, L. S. (2018). Patient-Perceived Family Stigma of Type 2 Diabetes and its Consequences. Families, systems & health : the journal of collaborative family healthcare, 36(1), 113-117. https://doi.org/10.1037/fsh0000316
  • Himmelstein, M. S., & Puhl, R. M. (2021). At multiple fronts: Diabetes stigma and weight stigma in adults with type 2 diabetes. Diabetic Medicine, 38(1), e14387. https://doi.org/10.1111/dme.14387
  • Holmes-Truscott, E., Browne, J. L., Ventura, A. D., Pouwer, F., & Speight, J. (2018). Diabetes stigma is associated with negative treatment appraisals among adults with insulin-treated Type 2 diabetes: Results from the second Diabetes MILES - Australia (MILES-2) survey. Diabetic Medicine: A Journal of the British Diabetic Association, 35(5), 658-662. https://doi.org/10.1111/dme.13598
  • Huang, J., Ding, S., Xiong, S., & Liu, Z. (2021). Medication Adherence and Associated Factors in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Structural Equation Model. Frontiers in Public Health, 9, 730845. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.730845
  • IDF (International Diabetes Federation). (2021). Turkey diabetes report 2000—2045. https://diabetesatlas.org/data/
  • Kato, A., Fujimaki, Y., Fujimori, S., Isogawa, A., Onishi, Y., Suzuki, R., Ueki, K., Yamauchi, T., Kadowaki, T., & Hashimoto, H. (2021). Associations between diabetes duration and self-stigma development in Japanese people with type 2 diabetes: A secondary analysis of cross-sectional data. BMJ Open, 11(12), e055013. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-055013
  • Kato, A., Fujimaki, Y., Fujimori, S., Isogawa, A., Onishi, Y., Suzuki, R., Yamauchi, T., Ueki, K., Kadowaki, T., & Hashimoto, H. (2016). Association between self-stigma and self-care behaviors in patients with type 2 diabetes: A cross-sectional study. BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjdrc-2015-000156
  • Kato, A., Fujimaki, Y., Fujimori, S., Isogawa, A., Onishi, Y., Suzuki, R., Yamauchi, T., Ueki, K., Kadowaki, T., & Hashimoto, H. (2017). Psychological and behavioural patterns of stigma among patients with type 2 diabetes: A cross-sectional study. BMJ Open, 7(3), e013425. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013425
  • Kato, A., Fujimaki, Y., Fujimori, S., Izumida, Y., Suzuki, R., Ueki, K., Kadowaki, T., & Hashimoto, H. (2016). A qualitative study on the impact of internalized stigma on type 2 diabetes self-management. Patient Education and Counseling, 99(7), 1233-1239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2016.02.002
  • Kato, A., Takada, M., & Hashimoto, H. (2014). Reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the Self-Stigma Scale in patients with type 2 diabetes. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12955-014-0179-z
  • Kokoszka, A., Pacura, A., Kostecka, B., Lloyd, C. E., & Sartorius, N. (2022). Body self-esteem is related to subjective well-being, severity of depressive symptoms, BMI, glycated hemoglobin levels, and diabetes-related distress in type 2 diabetes. PLoS ONE, 17(2), e0263766. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0263766
  • Krzemińska, S., Lomper, K., Chudiak, A., Ausili, D., & Uchmanowicz, I. (2021). The association of the level of self-care on adherence to treatment in patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Acta Diabetologica, 58(4), 437-445. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00592-020-01628-z
  • Lin, M.-H., Ou, H.-Y., Wang, R.-H., Lin, C.-H., Liao, H.-Y., & Chen, H.-M. (2022). Glycaemic control mediates the relationships of employment status and self-stigma with self-care behaviours in young adults with type 2 diabetes. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 31(5-6), 582-591. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.15915
  • Liu, N. F., Brown, A. S., Folias, A. E., Younge, M. F., Guzman, S. J., Close, K. L., & Wood, R. (2017). Stigma in People With Type 1 or Type 2 Diabetes. Clinical Diabetes: A Publication of the American Diabetes Association, 35(1), 27-34. https://doi.org/10.2337/cd16-0020
  • Luo, R., Ji, Y., Liu, Y., Sun, H., Tang, S., & Li, X. (2022). Relationships among social support, coping style, self-stigma, and quality of life in patients with diabetic foot ulcer: A multicentre, cross-sectional study. International Wound Journal, 20(3), 716-726. https://doi.org/10.1111/iwj.13914
  • Mak, W. W. S., & Cheung, R. Y. M. (2010). Self-stigma among concealable minorities in Hong Kong: Conceptualization and unified measurement. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 80(2), 267-281. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-0025.2010.01030.x
  • Morisky, D. E., Green, L. W., & Levine, D. M. (1986). Concurrent and predictive validity of a self-reported measure of medication adherence. Medical Care, 24(1), 67-74. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005650-198601000-00007
  • Oğuzülgen, I. K., Köktürk, N., & Işikdoğan, Z. (2014). [Turkish validation study of Morisky 8-item medication adherence questionnaire (MMAS-8) in patients with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]. Tuberkuloz Ve Toraks, 62(2), 101-107. https://doi.org/10.5578/tt.7401
  • Okwaraji, F. E., Onyebueke, G. C., Nduanya, C. U., Nwokpoku, E. N., & Abakaliki N. (2017). Life satisfaction, self esteem and mental health in a sample of diabetic out-patients attending a Nigerian tertiary health institution. The Journal of Medical Research, 3(2), 60-65. https://doi.org/10.31254/jmr.2017.3207
  • Özkaptan, B. B., Kapucu, S., & Demi̇ı̇rci̇ı̇, İ. (2019). Tip 2 diyabetli hastalarda tedaviye uyum ve hastalık kabulü arasındaki ilişki. Cukurova Medical Journal, 44, 447-454. https://doi.org/10.17826/cumj.554402
  • Öztürk, A., Akin, S., & Kundakci, N. (2022). Self-esteem mediates the relationship perceived stigma with self-efficacy for diabetes management in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Saudi Medical Journal, 43(10), 1157-1164. https://doi.org/10.15537/smj.2022.43.10.20220344
  • Pedrero, V., Manzi, J., & Alonso, L. M. (2021). A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Stigma Surrounding Type 2 Diabetes in Colombia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(23), Article 23. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182312657
  • Polonsky, W. H., & Henry, R. R. (2016). Poor medication adherence in type 2 diabetes: Recognizing the scope of the problem and its key contributors. Patient Preference and Adherence, 10, 1299-1307. https://doi.org/10.2147/PPA.S106821
  • Puhl, R. M., Himmelstein, M. S., Hateley-Browne, J. L., & Speight, J. (2020). Weight stigma and diabetes stigma in U.S. adults with type 2 diabetes: Associations with diabetes self-care behaviors and perceptions of health care. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108387
  • Ribeiro, M. de N. de S., Diniz, C. X., Perdomo, S. B., Ribeiro, J. H. de S., Barbosa, O. G., Barros, K. M. S. C. de, Silva, A. B. da, & Oliveira, E. da C. (2017). Self-esteem and resilience in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Mundo Saúde (Impr.), 41(2), 223-231.
  • Rivera-Hernandez, M. (2014). Depression, self-esteem, diabetes care and self-care behaviors among middle-aged and older Mexicans. Diabetes research and clinical practice, 105(1), 70-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2014.04.017
  • Rosenberg, M. (1965). Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSE). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2.
  • Safavi, M., Samadi, N., & Mahmoodi, M. (2011). Effect of quality of life improvement on type 2 diabetes patients’ self-esteem. Saudi Medical Journal, 32(9), 953-957.
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Tip-2 Diyabetli Bireylerde Kendini Damgalamanın Benlik Saygısı ve Tedavi Uyumuna Etkisi: Türkiye’nin Güneydoğusunda Bir Örnek

Year 2024, Issue: 8, 18 - 25, 29.04.2024

Zeliha Büyükbayram Genç Leyla Zengin Aydın

https://doi.org/10.58252/artukluhealth.1475124

Abstract

Giriş: Çalışmanın amacı, Tip-2 diyabetli bireylerde kendini damgalamanın benlik saygısı ve tedavi uyumuna etkisini incelemektir.
Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı ve ilişkisel olarak yapılan bu çalışma, Türkiye’nin güneydoğusunda bulunan bir hastaneye başvuran tip 2 diyabet hastalarıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışma, Haziran-Aralık 2022 tarihleri arasında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın örneklemi ise çalışmaya katılmayı kabul eden 172 hastadan oluşmaktadır. Verilerin toplanmasında, Katılımcı Tanıtıcı Anketi, Kendini Damgalama, Rosenberg Benlik Saygısı ve Morisky Uyum ölçek formları kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Çalışmada, hastaların kendini damgalama, benlik saygısı ve tedavi uyumu puan ortalamaları sırasıyla 51.16±15.41, 17.84±3.31 ve 5.66±2.25 olarak saptanmıştır. Bireylerin mesleğe göre kendini damgalama bilişsel alt boyutu, hastalık süresine göre ilaç uyumu ve ailede diyabet öyküsüne göre benlik saygısı ve ilaç uyumu puan ortalamaları arasında fark istatistiksel olarak önemli olduğu bulunmuştur (p<0.05). Bireylerin kendini damgalama ile benlik saygısı ve tedaviye uyum puan ortalamaları arasında negatif yönde anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu bulunmuştur (p<0.05).
Sonuç: Hastaların kendini damgalama ve benlik saygısının orta düzeyde, tedaviye uyumu ise düşük düzeyde olduğu saptanmıştır. Hastaların kendini damgalama düzeyi arttıkça benlik saygısı ve tedaviye uyum düzeylerinde azalma olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Keywords

Tip 2 diyabet Kendini damgalama Benlik saygısı Tedaviye uyum

References

  • Aloudah, N. M., Scott, N. W., Aljadhey, H. S., Araujo-Soares, V., Alrubeaan, K. A., & Watson, M. C. (2018). Medication adherence among patients with Type 2 diabetes: A mixed methods study. PLoS ONE, 13(12), e0207583. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0207583
  • Alshehri, K. A., Altuwaylie, T. M., Alqhtani, A., Albawab, A. A., & Almalki, A. H. (2020). Type 2 Diabetic Patients Adherence Towards Their Medications. Cureus, 12(2), e6932. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.6932
  • Alzubaidi, H., Namara, K. M., Samorinha, C., Saidawi, W., Versace, V. L., & Speight, J. (2022). Type 2 Diabetes Stigma Assessment Scale (DSAS-2): Cultural and linguistic adaptation and psychometric assessment of the Arabic version. Primary Care Diabetes, 16(5), 703-708. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcd.2022.08.004
  • Cho, S. E., Kwon, M., & Kim, S. A. (2022). Influence of Diabetes Knowledge, Self-Stigma, and Self-Care Behavior on Quality of Life in Patients with Diabetes. Healthcare, 10(10), 1983. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10101983
  • Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences (2. bs). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203771587
  • Çuhadaroğlu F. (1986). Self-esteem in adolescents, Unpublished master thesis Psychiatry. Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
  • Fadare, J., Olamoyegun, M., & Gbadegesin, B. (2015). Medication adherence and direct treatment cost among diabetes patients attending a tertiary healthcare facility in Ogbomosho, Nigeria. Malawi Medical Journal, 27(2), 65-70. https://doi.org/10.4314/mmj.v27i2.7
  • Gredig, D., & Bartelsen-Raemy, A. (2017). Diabetes-related stigma affects the quality of life of people living with diabetes mellitus in Switzerland: Implications for healthcare providers. Health & Social Care in the Community, 25(5), 1620-1633. https://doi.org/10.1111/hsc.12376
  • Harper, K. J., Osborn, C. Y., & Mayberry, L. S. (2018). Patient-Perceived Family Stigma of Type 2 Diabetes and its Consequences. Families, systems & health : the journal of collaborative family healthcare, 36(1), 113-117. https://doi.org/10.1037/fsh0000316
  • Himmelstein, M. S., & Puhl, R. M. (2021). At multiple fronts: Diabetes stigma and weight stigma in adults with type 2 diabetes. Diabetic Medicine, 38(1), e14387. https://doi.org/10.1111/dme.14387
  • Holmes-Truscott, E., Browne, J. L., Ventura, A. D., Pouwer, F., & Speight, J. (2018). Diabetes stigma is associated with negative treatment appraisals among adults with insulin-treated Type 2 diabetes: Results from the second Diabetes MILES - Australia (MILES-2) survey. Diabetic Medicine: A Journal of the British Diabetic Association, 35(5), 658-662. https://doi.org/10.1111/dme.13598
  • Huang, J., Ding, S., Xiong, S., & Liu, Z. (2021). Medication Adherence and Associated Factors in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Structural Equation Model. Frontiers in Public Health, 9, 730845. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.730845
  • IDF (International Diabetes Federation). (2021). Turkey diabetes report 2000—2045. https://diabetesatlas.org/data/
  • Kato, A., Fujimaki, Y., Fujimori, S., Isogawa, A., Onishi, Y., Suzuki, R., Ueki, K., Yamauchi, T., Kadowaki, T., & Hashimoto, H. (2021). Associations between diabetes duration and self-stigma development in Japanese people with type 2 diabetes: A secondary analysis of cross-sectional data. BMJ Open, 11(12), e055013. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-055013
  • Kato, A., Fujimaki, Y., Fujimori, S., Isogawa, A., Onishi, Y., Suzuki, R., Yamauchi, T., Ueki, K., Kadowaki, T., & Hashimoto, H. (2016). Association between self-stigma and self-care behaviors in patients with type 2 diabetes: A cross-sectional study. BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjdrc-2015-000156
  • Kato, A., Fujimaki, Y., Fujimori, S., Isogawa, A., Onishi, Y., Suzuki, R., Yamauchi, T., Ueki, K., Kadowaki, T., & Hashimoto, H. (2017). Psychological and behavioural patterns of stigma among patients with type 2 diabetes: A cross-sectional study. BMJ Open, 7(3), e013425. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013425
  • Kato, A., Fujimaki, Y., Fujimori, S., Izumida, Y., Suzuki, R., Ueki, K., Kadowaki, T., & Hashimoto, H. (2016). A qualitative study on the impact of internalized stigma on type 2 diabetes self-management. Patient Education and Counseling, 99(7), 1233-1239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2016.02.002
  • Kato, A., Takada, M., & Hashimoto, H. (2014). Reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the Self-Stigma Scale in patients with type 2 diabetes. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12955-014-0179-z
  • Kokoszka, A., Pacura, A., Kostecka, B., Lloyd, C. E., & Sartorius, N. (2022). Body self-esteem is related to subjective well-being, severity of depressive symptoms, BMI, glycated hemoglobin levels, and diabetes-related distress in type 2 diabetes. PLoS ONE, 17(2), e0263766. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0263766
  • Krzemińska, S., Lomper, K., Chudiak, A., Ausili, D., & Uchmanowicz, I. (2021). The association of the level of self-care on adherence to treatment in patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Acta Diabetologica, 58(4), 437-445. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00592-020-01628-z
  • Lin, M.-H., Ou, H.-Y., Wang, R.-H., Lin, C.-H., Liao, H.-Y., & Chen, H.-M. (2022). Glycaemic control mediates the relationships of employment status and self-stigma with self-care behaviours in young adults with type 2 diabetes. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 31(5-6), 582-591. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.15915
  • Liu, N. F., Brown, A. S., Folias, A. E., Younge, M. F., Guzman, S. J., Close, K. L., & Wood, R. (2017). Stigma in People With Type 1 or Type 2 Diabetes. Clinical Diabetes: A Publication of the American Diabetes Association, 35(1), 27-34. https://doi.org/10.2337/cd16-0020
  • Luo, R., Ji, Y., Liu, Y., Sun, H., Tang, S., & Li, X. (2022). Relationships among social support, coping style, self-stigma, and quality of life in patients with diabetic foot ulcer: A multicentre, cross-sectional study. International Wound Journal, 20(3), 716-726. https://doi.org/10.1111/iwj.13914
  • Mak, W. W. S., & Cheung, R. Y. M. (2010). Self-stigma among concealable minorities in Hong Kong: Conceptualization and unified measurement. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 80(2), 267-281. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-0025.2010.01030.x
  • Morisky, D. E., Green, L. W., & Levine, D. M. (1986). Concurrent and predictive validity of a self-reported measure of medication adherence. Medical Care, 24(1), 67-74. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005650-198601000-00007
  • Oğuzülgen, I. K., Köktürk, N., & Işikdoğan, Z. (2014). [Turkish validation study of Morisky 8-item medication adherence questionnaire (MMAS-8) in patients with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]. Tuberkuloz Ve Toraks, 62(2), 101-107. https://doi.org/10.5578/tt.7401
  • Okwaraji, F. E., Onyebueke, G. C., Nduanya, C. U., Nwokpoku, E. N., & Abakaliki N. (2017). Life satisfaction, self esteem and mental health in a sample of diabetic out-patients attending a Nigerian tertiary health institution. The Journal of Medical Research, 3(2), 60-65. https://doi.org/10.31254/jmr.2017.3207
  • Özkaptan, B. B., Kapucu, S., & Demi̇ı̇rci̇ı̇, İ. (2019). Tip 2 diyabetli hastalarda tedaviye uyum ve hastalık kabulü arasındaki ilişki. Cukurova Medical Journal, 44, 447-454. https://doi.org/10.17826/cumj.554402
  • Öztürk, A., Akin, S., & Kundakci, N. (2022). Self-esteem mediates the relationship perceived stigma with self-efficacy for diabetes management in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Saudi Medical Journal, 43(10), 1157-1164. https://doi.org/10.15537/smj.2022.43.10.20220344
  • Pedrero, V., Manzi, J., & Alonso, L. M. (2021). A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Stigma Surrounding Type 2 Diabetes in Colombia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(23), Article 23. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182312657
  • Polonsky, W. H., & Henry, R. R. (2016). Poor medication adherence in type 2 diabetes: Recognizing the scope of the problem and its key contributors. Patient Preference and Adherence, 10, 1299-1307. https://doi.org/10.2147/PPA.S106821
  • Puhl, R. M., Himmelstein, M. S., Hateley-Browne, J. L., & Speight, J. (2020). Weight stigma and diabetes stigma in U.S. adults with type 2 diabetes: Associations with diabetes self-care behaviors and perceptions of health care. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108387
  • Ribeiro, M. de N. de S., Diniz, C. X., Perdomo, S. B., Ribeiro, J. H. de S., Barbosa, O. G., Barros, K. M. S. C. de, Silva, A. B. da, & Oliveira, E. da C. (2017). Self-esteem and resilience in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Mundo Saúde (Impr.), 41(2), 223-231.
  • Rivera-Hernandez, M. (2014). Depression, self-esteem, diabetes care and self-care behaviors among middle-aged and older Mexicans. Diabetes research and clinical practice, 105(1), 70-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2014.04.017
  • Rosenberg, M. (1965). Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSE). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2.
  • Safavi, M., Samadi, N., & Mahmoodi, M. (2011). Effect of quality of life improvement on type 2 diabetes patients’ self-esteem. Saudi Medical Journal, 32(9), 953-957.
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There are 44 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects ​Internal Diseases Nursing​
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Zeliha Büyükbayram Genç

Leyla Zengin Aydın

Publication Date April 29, 2024
Submission Date January 6, 2024
Acceptance Date March 20, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Issue: 8

Cite

APA Büyükbayram Genç, Z., & Zengin Aydın, L. (2024). The Effect of Self-Stigma on Self-Esteem and Treatment Compliance in Individuals with Type-2 Diabetes: An Example in the Southeast of Türkiye. Artuklu Health(8), 18-25. https://doi.org/10.58252/artukluhealth.1475124
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