Research Article
Production of Chemically Modified Shear Thickening Fluids and Investigation of Their Rheological Properties
Abstract
In this study, the rheological properties of shear thickening fluid, which are generally used as single solid phase in the literature, were investigated by chemical material reinforcement. Considering that the unique shear thickening effect of STF is used in many areas such as increasing the impact resistance of fabrics and energy dissipation, this study aims to provide guidance for investigating what STFs can do with chemical bonds as well as physical bonding.Methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) was used in varying proportions for chemical reinforcement. When the rheological properties of the suspensions reinforced with MDI as a chemical additive were evaluated, the initial viscosity values increased as the MDI ratio increased, while the solidification behavior under shear was observed significantly in the sample with 2.5% MDI ratio with increasing shear ratio.
Project Number
221M634
References
- Baharvandi HR, Alebooyeh M, Alizadeh M, Khaksari P, Kordani N. 2016. Effect of silica weight fraction on rheological and quasi-static puncture characteristics of shear thickening fluid-treated Twaron® composite. J Indust Textiles, 46(2): 473-494. https://doi.org/10.1177/1528083715589750.
- Boersma WH, Laven J, Stein HN. 1992. Viscoelastic properties of concentrated shear-thickening dispersions. J Colloid Interf Sci, 149(1): 10-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9797(92)90385-Y.
- Bossis G, Brady JF. 1989. The rheology of Brownian suspensions. J Chem Physics, 91(3): 1866-1874. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.457091.
- Gürgen S, Kuşhan MC. 2017. The effect of silicon carbide additives on the stab resistance of shear thickening fluid treated fabrics. Mechan Advan Mater Struct, 24(16): 1381-1390. https://doi.org/10.1080/15376494.2016.1231355.
- Hasanzadeh M, Mottaghitalab V, Babaei H, Rezaei M. 2016. The influence of carbon nanotubes on quasi-static puncture resistance and yarn pull-out behavior of shear-thickening fluids (STFs) impregnated woven fabrics. Composites Part A: Appl Sci Manufact, 88: 263-271. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2016.06.006.
- Hoffman RL. 1972. Discontinuous and Dilatant Viscosity Behavior in Concentrated Suspensions--1. Observation of a Flow Instability. Trans Soc Rheol, 16(1): 155-173.
- Hoffman RL. 1974. Discontinuous and dilatant viscosity behavior in concentrated suspensions. II. Theory and experimental tests. J Colloid Interf Sci, 46(3): 491-506. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9797(74)90059-9.
- Li W, Xiong D, Zhao X, Sun L, Liu J. 2016. Dynamic stab resistance of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fabric impregnated with shear thickening fluid. Mater Design, 102: 162-167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2016.04.006.
- Qin J, Zhang G, Shi X. 2017. Study of a shear thickening fluid: the suspensions of monodisperse polystyrene microspheres in polyethylene glycol. J Dispers Sci Technol, 38(7): 935-942. https://doi.org/10.1080/01932691.2016.1216435.
- Sha X, Yu K, Cao H, Qian K. 2013. Shear thickening behavior of nanoparticle suspensions with carbon nanofillers. J Nanopart Res, 15(7): 1816. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-013-1816-x.
- Tan Z, Li W, Huang W. 2018. The effect of graphene on the yarn pull-out force and ballistic performance of Kevlar fabrics impregnated with shear thickening fluids. Smart Mater Struct, 27(7): 075048. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-665X/aaca4b.
- Wang QS, Sun RJ, Yao M, Chen MY, Feng Y. 2019. The influence of temperature on inter-yarns fictional properties of shear thickening fluids treated Kevlar fabrics. Composit Part A: Appl Sci Manufact, 116: 46-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2018.10.020.
- Wang S, Ma S, Xu C, Liu Y, Dai J, Wang Z, Liu X, Chen J, Shen X, Wei J, Zhu J. 2017. Vanillin-Derived High-Performance Flame Retardant Epoxy Resins: Facile Synthesis and Properties. Macromolecules, 50(5): 1892-1901. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00097.
- Yanen C, Aydoğmuş E, Solmaz MY. 2020. Determination of suitable rheological model for polyethylene glycols and silica particle mixtures. Middle East J Sci, 6: 57-67.
- Yanen C, Solmaz MY, Aydoğmuş E. 2020. Investigation of the effect of shear thickening fluid and fabric structure on inter-yarn friction properties in twaron fabrics. European J Technic, 10(2): 501-510. https://doi.org/10.36222/ejt.823112.
- Yanen C, Solmaz MY, Aydoğmuş E. 2021. Evaluation of rheological properties and distribution quality of shear thickening fluids. 1st International Conference on Applied Engineering and Natural Sciences, May 10-13, Konya, Türkiye, pp: 957.
- Zhang XZ, Li WH, Gong XL. 2008. The rheology of shear thickening fluid (STF) and the dynamic performance of anSTF-filled damper. Smart Mater Struct, 17(3): 035027. https://doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/17/3/035027.
Production of Chemically Modified Shear Thickening Fluids and Investigation of Their Rheological Properties
Abstract
In this study, the rheological properties of shear thickening fluid, which are generally used as single solid phase in the literature, were investigated by chemical material reinforcement. Considering that the unique shear thickening effect of STF is used in many areas such as increasing the impact resistance of fabrics and energy dissipation, this study aims to provide guidance for investigating what STFs can do with chemical bonds as well as physical bonding.Methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) was used in varying proportions for chemical reinforcement. When the rheological properties of the suspensions reinforced with MDI as a chemical additive were evaluated, the initial viscosity values increased as the MDI ratio increased, while the solidification behavior under shear was observed significantly in the sample with 2.5% MDI ratio with increasing shear ratio.
Ethical Statement
Ethics committee approval was not required for this study because of there was no study on animals or humans.
Supporting Institution
This work was supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TÜBİTAK) with project number 221M634.
Project Number
221M634
References
- Baharvandi HR, Alebooyeh M, Alizadeh M, Khaksari P, Kordani N. 2016. Effect of silica weight fraction on rheological and quasi-static puncture characteristics of shear thickening fluid-treated Twaron® composite. J Indust Textiles, 46(2): 473-494. https://doi.org/10.1177/1528083715589750.
- Boersma WH, Laven J, Stein HN. 1992. Viscoelastic properties of concentrated shear-thickening dispersions. J Colloid Interf Sci, 149(1): 10-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9797(92)90385-Y.
- Bossis G, Brady JF. 1989. The rheology of Brownian suspensions. J Chem Physics, 91(3): 1866-1874. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.457091.
- Gürgen S, Kuşhan MC. 2017. The effect of silicon carbide additives on the stab resistance of shear thickening fluid treated fabrics. Mechan Advan Mater Struct, 24(16): 1381-1390. https://doi.org/10.1080/15376494.2016.1231355.
- Hasanzadeh M, Mottaghitalab V, Babaei H, Rezaei M. 2016. The influence of carbon nanotubes on quasi-static puncture resistance and yarn pull-out behavior of shear-thickening fluids (STFs) impregnated woven fabrics. Composites Part A: Appl Sci Manufact, 88: 263-271. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2016.06.006.
- Hoffman RL. 1972. Discontinuous and Dilatant Viscosity Behavior in Concentrated Suspensions--1. Observation of a Flow Instability. Trans Soc Rheol, 16(1): 155-173.
- Hoffman RL. 1974. Discontinuous and dilatant viscosity behavior in concentrated suspensions. II. Theory and experimental tests. J Colloid Interf Sci, 46(3): 491-506. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9797(74)90059-9.
- Li W, Xiong D, Zhao X, Sun L, Liu J. 2016. Dynamic stab resistance of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fabric impregnated with shear thickening fluid. Mater Design, 102: 162-167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2016.04.006.
- Qin J, Zhang G, Shi X. 2017. Study of a shear thickening fluid: the suspensions of monodisperse polystyrene microspheres in polyethylene glycol. J Dispers Sci Technol, 38(7): 935-942. https://doi.org/10.1080/01932691.2016.1216435.
- Sha X, Yu K, Cao H, Qian K. 2013. Shear thickening behavior of nanoparticle suspensions with carbon nanofillers. J Nanopart Res, 15(7): 1816. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-013-1816-x.
- Tan Z, Li W, Huang W. 2018. The effect of graphene on the yarn pull-out force and ballistic performance of Kevlar fabrics impregnated with shear thickening fluids. Smart Mater Struct, 27(7): 075048. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-665X/aaca4b.
- Wang QS, Sun RJ, Yao M, Chen MY, Feng Y. 2019. The influence of temperature on inter-yarns fictional properties of shear thickening fluids treated Kevlar fabrics. Composit Part A: Appl Sci Manufact, 116: 46-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2018.10.020.
- Wang S, Ma S, Xu C, Liu Y, Dai J, Wang Z, Liu X, Chen J, Shen X, Wei J, Zhu J. 2017. Vanillin-Derived High-Performance Flame Retardant Epoxy Resins: Facile Synthesis and Properties. Macromolecules, 50(5): 1892-1901. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00097.
- Yanen C, Aydoğmuş E, Solmaz MY. 2020. Determination of suitable rheological model for polyethylene glycols and silica particle mixtures. Middle East J Sci, 6: 57-67.
- Yanen C, Solmaz MY, Aydoğmuş E. 2020. Investigation of the effect of shear thickening fluid and fabric structure on inter-yarn friction properties in twaron fabrics. European J Technic, 10(2): 501-510. https://doi.org/10.36222/ejt.823112.
- Yanen C, Solmaz MY, Aydoğmuş E. 2021. Evaluation of rheological properties and distribution quality of shear thickening fluids. 1st International Conference on Applied Engineering and Natural Sciences, May 10-13, Konya, Türkiye, pp: 957.
- Zhang XZ, Li WH, Gong XL. 2008. The rheology of shear thickening fluid (STF) and the dynamic performance of anSTF-filled damper. Smart Mater Struct, 17(3): 035027. https://doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/17/3/035027.
There are 17 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Non-Newtonian Fluid Flows (Incl. Rheology), Mechanical Engineering (Other) |
| Journal Section | Research Articles |
| Authors | |
| Project Number | 221M634 |
| Early Pub Date | December 11, 2023 |
| Publication Date | January 15, 2024 |
| Submission Date | September 27, 2023 |
| Acceptance Date | November 9, 2023 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2024 Volume: 7 Issue: 1 |
