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Prevalence of Hypertension in Military Personnel: A Study Conducted in Türkiye

Year 2023, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 274 - 278, 01.04.2023
https://doi.org/10.19127/bshealthscience.1208858

Abstract

Hypertension is a major global public health concern. There is a paucity of studies describing military populations with hypertension. We aimed to demonstrate Turkish military personnel with hypertension and review associated factors in a garrison of Diyarbakır City. This retrospective cross-sectional study comprised 22,141 individuals referred to an outpatient cardiology clinic between August 2016 and June 2022 with complaints of early morning headaches, abnormal heart rhythms, nosebleeds, visual problems, and buzzing in the ears. Sociodemographic characteristics were collected. Analyses of laboratory test findings and blood pressure measurements were conducted. The study comprised a total of 174 patients with an average age of 32.68±6.51 years. 94.8 percent of the patients were not drug users, and 68.3 percent had no strong family history. The prevalence of hydration habits (29.4%) and sleep disturbances (22.5%) were lower. According to body mass index (BMI), the rate of overweight was higher (56.8%). Most patients' educational status was bachelor’s degrees (46.5%). The smoking rate was high (73%). Body mass index was a statistically significant predictive factor of hypertension (OR [95% CI], 2.69 [1.0-7.17], p= 0.048). Physical exercise rate in the past three months was a statistically significant predictive factor for hypertension (OR [95%CI], 2.98 [1.42-6.23], P= 0.021). Hypertension was detected in 0.78 percent of all participants and was associated with being overweight and a lower frequency of physical exercise.

References

  • Ajejas Bazán M, Fuentes Mora C, Ballester Orcal LE, Puerro Vicente M, Herrero Pérez L, Wärnberg J, Pérez Rivas FJ, Pérez Farinós N. 2021. A questionnaire survey of personal and occupational variables associated with Sars-Cov-2 infection in health care personnel of the Spanish central military hospital. Mil Med, 188(1-2): 166-173.
  • Al-Shehri HA, Al-Asmari AK, Khan HA, Horaib GB, Al-Buraidi A, Al-Sharif AA, Kadasah SG, Al-Omani S, Mohammed FS, Abbasmanthiri R, Osman NM. 2021. Recent trends of metabolic syndrome and its components in military recruits from Saudi Arabia. Medicines, 8(11): 65.
  • Ambikapathi R, Shively G, Leyna G, Mosha D, Mangara A, Patil CL, Boncyk M, Froese SL, Verissimo CK, Kazonda P, Mwanyika-Sando M, Killewo J, Gunaratna NS. 2021. Informal food environment is associated with household vegetable purchase patterns and dietary intake in the DECIDE study: Empirical evidence from food vendor mapping in peri-urban Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Glob Food Sec, 28: 100474.
  • Azandjeme CS, Alihonou F, Sossa CJ, Gbatcho U, Gounongbe F. 2020. Factors associated with the nutritional status of schoolchildren in the main city of Benin Republic, sub-Saharan Africa. Int Arch Public Health Community Med, 4: 036.
  • Bellone J, Van Patten R. 2021. What is neuropsychology? In: Bellone J, Van Patten R. editors. Becoming a neuropsychologist. Springer, Bern, Switzerland, 1st ed., pp: 3-28.
  • Brant LCC, Passaglia LG, Pinto-Filho MM, de Castilho FM, Ribeiro ALP, Nascimento BR. 2022. The burden of resistant hypertension across the world. Curr Hypertens Rep, 24: 55-66.
  • Burak, C, Baysal: E, Altıntaş, B, Kaya İ, Günlü, S, Süleymanoğlu M, Hayme S. 2019. Girişimsel kardiyologlar arasında atriyal fibrilasyon farkındalık anketi değerlendirmesi. Kocaeli Tıp Derg, 8: 54-60.
  • Clary K, Habbal M, Smith D, Fratila I. 2021. The green sheep: Exploring the perceived risks and benefits of cannabis among young military members and Veterans. Cannabis, 4: 31-46.
  • Ede H, Derya MA, Ardahanlı İ, Erbay AR, Akgün O. 2015. Hipertansif hastalarda nabız basıncı aralığı ile sol ventrikül diyastolik fonksiyon ilişkisi. Bozok Tıp Derg, 5(1): 1-2.
  • Flegal KM, Caroll MD, Ogden CL, Curtin LR. 2010. Prevalence and trends in obesity among US adults, 1999-2008. JAMA, 303: 235-241.
  • Gan SK, Loh CY, Seet B. 2003. Hypertension in young adults- an under- estimated Problem. Singapore Med J, 44: 448-452.
  • Günlü S, Aktan A. 2022. Evaluation of military recruits with complaints of palpitations after physical training: A study from Turkey. Cureus, 14: 29284.
  • Günlü S, Demir M. 2022. Comparison of tenecteplase versus alteplase in STEMI patients treated with ticagrelor: A cross-sectional study. Am J Emerg Med, 58: 52-56.
  • Hall N, Constantinou M, Brown M, Beck B, Steele M, Rousseau J, Kuys S. 2022. Profiles of recruits entering army basic training in New Zealand. Mil Med, 2022090, 10.1093/milmed/usac090.
  • Hosseini J, Nematollahi S, Shariatpanahi S, Sadegh-Zadeh Z. 2021. The prevalence of overweight and obesity in Iranian men; a systematic review and meta-analysis study. Men's Health J, 5: 1.
  • Hruby A, Lieberman HR, Smith TJ. 2021. Symptoms of depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder and their relationship to health-related behaviors in over 12,000 US military personnel: Bi-directional associations. J Affect Disord, 283: 84-93.
  • Keithler AN, Wilson AS, Yuan A, Jose M. Sosa JM, Bush KNV. 2022. Characteristics of US military personnel with atrial fibrillation and associated deployment and retention rates. Cardiovas Disord, 22: 100.
  • Luxton DD, Greenburg D, Ryan J, Niven A, Wheeler G, Mysliwiec V. 2011. Prevalence and impact of short sleep duration in redeployed OIF soldiers. Sleep, 34: 1189-1195.
  • Payab MH-RS, Merati Y, Esteghamati A, Qorbani M, Hematabadi M, Rashidian H, Shirzad N. 2017. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome and different obesity phenotype in Iranian male military personnel. Am J Mens Health, 11: 404-413.
  • Quednow BB, Steinhoff A, Bechtiger L, Ribeaud D, Eisner M, Shanahan L. 2022. High prevalence and early onsets: legal and illegal substance use in an urban cohort of young adults in Switzerland. Eur Addict Res, 28: 186-198.
  • Robert L, Lloyd J. 2018. Dod instruction 6130.03 medical standards for appointment, Ensistement or induction into the military. Services, 18: 1-18.
  • Santangelo O, Baldwin JM, Stogner J2022. Does cannabis testing in the military drive synthetic cannabinoid use? Self-reported use motivations among justice-involved veterans. Int J Drug Policy, 106: 103756.
  • Sarıdas A, Duyan M, Günlü S. 2021. Current approaches to Torsades de Pointes. In: Kaya H. editor. Health & Science. Efe Academi Publishing, İstanbul, Türkiye, 1st ed., pp: 119-128.
  • Suzuki K, Yamada H, Fujii R. 2022. Circulating microRNA-27a and -133a are negatively associated with incident hypertension: a five-year longitudinal population-based study. Biomarkers, 27: 496-502.
  • Wang H, Jin Z. 2022. Cardiovascular monitoring in the training of long-distance runners. Revista Brasileira de Med Esporte, 28: 632-634.
  • Whelton PK, Carey RM, Aronow WS, et al. 2018. ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ASPC/NMA/PCNA guideline for the prevention, detection, evaluation, and management of high blood pressure in adults. Hypertension, 71(6): 1269-1324.
  • Whitworth JA, World Health Organization, International Society of Hypertension Writing Group. 2003. 2003 World Health Organization (WHO)/International Society of Hypertension (ISH) statement on management of hypertension. J Hypert, 21: 1983-1992.
  • Yun B, Sim J, Jeong I, Lee S, Kim S, Cho A, Yoon JH. 2022. Does severe subacute noise exposure increase risk of new onset hypertension beyond conventional risk factors? A 30 000 person-years cohort study. J Hypertens, 40: 588-595.
  • Zaidi STH, Maqsood A, Ali A, Saba A, Ali WS, Afzal W. 2022. Frequency of hypertension in children presenting at combined military hospital Malir Cantt Karachi. Pakistan Armed Forces Med J, 72: 995-998.

Prevalence of Hypertension in Military Personnel: A Study Conducted in Türkiye

Year 2023, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 274 - 278, 01.04.2023
https://doi.org/10.19127/bshealthscience.1208858

Abstract

Hypertension is a major global public health concern. There is a paucity of studies describing military populations with hypertension. We aimed to demonstrate Turkish military personnel with hypertension and review associated factors in a garrison of Diyarbakır City. This retrospective cross-sectional study comprised 22,141 individuals referred to an outpatient cardiology clinic between August 2016 and June 2022 with complaints of early morning headaches, abnormal heart rhythms, nosebleeds, visual problems, and buzzing in the ears. Sociodemographic characteristics were collected. Analyses of laboratory test findings and blood pressure measurements were conducted. The study comprised a total of 174 patients with an average age of 32.68±6.51 years. 94.8 percent of the patients were not drug users, and 68.3 percent had no strong family history. The prevalence of hydration habits (29.4%) and sleep disturbances (22.5%) were lower. According to body mass index (BMI), the rate of overweight was higher (56.8%). Most patients' educational status was bachelor’s degrees (46.5%). The smoking rate was high (73%). Body mass index was a statistically significant predictive factor of hypertension (OR [95% CI], 2.69 [1.0-7.17], p= 0.048). Physical exercise rate in the past three months was a statistically significant predictive factor for hypertension (OR [95%CI], 2.98 [1.42-6.23], P= 0.021). Hypertension was detected in 0.78 percent of all participants and was associated with being overweight and a lower frequency of physical exercise.

References

  • Ajejas Bazán M, Fuentes Mora C, Ballester Orcal LE, Puerro Vicente M, Herrero Pérez L, Wärnberg J, Pérez Rivas FJ, Pérez Farinós N. 2021. A questionnaire survey of personal and occupational variables associated with Sars-Cov-2 infection in health care personnel of the Spanish central military hospital. Mil Med, 188(1-2): 166-173.
  • Al-Shehri HA, Al-Asmari AK, Khan HA, Horaib GB, Al-Buraidi A, Al-Sharif AA, Kadasah SG, Al-Omani S, Mohammed FS, Abbasmanthiri R, Osman NM. 2021. Recent trends of metabolic syndrome and its components in military recruits from Saudi Arabia. Medicines, 8(11): 65.
  • Ambikapathi R, Shively G, Leyna G, Mosha D, Mangara A, Patil CL, Boncyk M, Froese SL, Verissimo CK, Kazonda P, Mwanyika-Sando M, Killewo J, Gunaratna NS. 2021. Informal food environment is associated with household vegetable purchase patterns and dietary intake in the DECIDE study: Empirical evidence from food vendor mapping in peri-urban Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Glob Food Sec, 28: 100474.
  • Azandjeme CS, Alihonou F, Sossa CJ, Gbatcho U, Gounongbe F. 2020. Factors associated with the nutritional status of schoolchildren in the main city of Benin Republic, sub-Saharan Africa. Int Arch Public Health Community Med, 4: 036.
  • Bellone J, Van Patten R. 2021. What is neuropsychology? In: Bellone J, Van Patten R. editors. Becoming a neuropsychologist. Springer, Bern, Switzerland, 1st ed., pp: 3-28.
  • Brant LCC, Passaglia LG, Pinto-Filho MM, de Castilho FM, Ribeiro ALP, Nascimento BR. 2022. The burden of resistant hypertension across the world. Curr Hypertens Rep, 24: 55-66.
  • Burak, C, Baysal: E, Altıntaş, B, Kaya İ, Günlü, S, Süleymanoğlu M, Hayme S. 2019. Girişimsel kardiyologlar arasında atriyal fibrilasyon farkındalık anketi değerlendirmesi. Kocaeli Tıp Derg, 8: 54-60.
  • Clary K, Habbal M, Smith D, Fratila I. 2021. The green sheep: Exploring the perceived risks and benefits of cannabis among young military members and Veterans. Cannabis, 4: 31-46.
  • Ede H, Derya MA, Ardahanlı İ, Erbay AR, Akgün O. 2015. Hipertansif hastalarda nabız basıncı aralığı ile sol ventrikül diyastolik fonksiyon ilişkisi. Bozok Tıp Derg, 5(1): 1-2.
  • Flegal KM, Caroll MD, Ogden CL, Curtin LR. 2010. Prevalence and trends in obesity among US adults, 1999-2008. JAMA, 303: 235-241.
  • Gan SK, Loh CY, Seet B. 2003. Hypertension in young adults- an under- estimated Problem. Singapore Med J, 44: 448-452.
  • Günlü S, Aktan A. 2022. Evaluation of military recruits with complaints of palpitations after physical training: A study from Turkey. Cureus, 14: 29284.
  • Günlü S, Demir M. 2022. Comparison of tenecteplase versus alteplase in STEMI patients treated with ticagrelor: A cross-sectional study. Am J Emerg Med, 58: 52-56.
  • Hall N, Constantinou M, Brown M, Beck B, Steele M, Rousseau J, Kuys S. 2022. Profiles of recruits entering army basic training in New Zealand. Mil Med, 2022090, 10.1093/milmed/usac090.
  • Hosseini J, Nematollahi S, Shariatpanahi S, Sadegh-Zadeh Z. 2021. The prevalence of overweight and obesity in Iranian men; a systematic review and meta-analysis study. Men's Health J, 5: 1.
  • Hruby A, Lieberman HR, Smith TJ. 2021. Symptoms of depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder and their relationship to health-related behaviors in over 12,000 US military personnel: Bi-directional associations. J Affect Disord, 283: 84-93.
  • Keithler AN, Wilson AS, Yuan A, Jose M. Sosa JM, Bush KNV. 2022. Characteristics of US military personnel with atrial fibrillation and associated deployment and retention rates. Cardiovas Disord, 22: 100.
  • Luxton DD, Greenburg D, Ryan J, Niven A, Wheeler G, Mysliwiec V. 2011. Prevalence and impact of short sleep duration in redeployed OIF soldiers. Sleep, 34: 1189-1195.
  • Payab MH-RS, Merati Y, Esteghamati A, Qorbani M, Hematabadi M, Rashidian H, Shirzad N. 2017. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome and different obesity phenotype in Iranian male military personnel. Am J Mens Health, 11: 404-413.
  • Quednow BB, Steinhoff A, Bechtiger L, Ribeaud D, Eisner M, Shanahan L. 2022. High prevalence and early onsets: legal and illegal substance use in an urban cohort of young adults in Switzerland. Eur Addict Res, 28: 186-198.
  • Robert L, Lloyd J. 2018. Dod instruction 6130.03 medical standards for appointment, Ensistement or induction into the military. Services, 18: 1-18.
  • Santangelo O, Baldwin JM, Stogner J2022. Does cannabis testing in the military drive synthetic cannabinoid use? Self-reported use motivations among justice-involved veterans. Int J Drug Policy, 106: 103756.
  • Sarıdas A, Duyan M, Günlü S. 2021. Current approaches to Torsades de Pointes. In: Kaya H. editor. Health & Science. Efe Academi Publishing, İstanbul, Türkiye, 1st ed., pp: 119-128.
  • Suzuki K, Yamada H, Fujii R. 2022. Circulating microRNA-27a and -133a are negatively associated with incident hypertension: a five-year longitudinal population-based study. Biomarkers, 27: 496-502.
  • Wang H, Jin Z. 2022. Cardiovascular monitoring in the training of long-distance runners. Revista Brasileira de Med Esporte, 28: 632-634.
  • Whelton PK, Carey RM, Aronow WS, et al. 2018. ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ASPC/NMA/PCNA guideline for the prevention, detection, evaluation, and management of high blood pressure in adults. Hypertension, 71(6): 1269-1324.
  • Whitworth JA, World Health Organization, International Society of Hypertension Writing Group. 2003. 2003 World Health Organization (WHO)/International Society of Hypertension (ISH) statement on management of hypertension. J Hypert, 21: 1983-1992.
  • Yun B, Sim J, Jeong I, Lee S, Kim S, Cho A, Yoon JH. 2022. Does severe subacute noise exposure increase risk of new onset hypertension beyond conventional risk factors? A 30 000 person-years cohort study. J Hypertens, 40: 588-595.
  • Zaidi STH, Maqsood A, Ali A, Saba A, Ali WS, Afzal W. 2022. Frequency of hypertension in children presenting at combined military hospital Malir Cantt Karachi. Pakistan Armed Forces Med J, 72: 995-998.
There are 29 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Serhat Günlü 0000-0001-6985-6112

Mehmet Zülkif Karahan 0000-0001-8145-9574

Publication Date April 1, 2023
Submission Date November 23, 2022
Acceptance Date February 23, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 6 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Günlü, S., & Karahan, M. Z. (2023). Prevalence of Hypertension in Military Personnel: A Study Conducted in Türkiye. Black Sea Journal of Health Science, 6(2), 274-278. https://doi.org/10.19127/bshealthscience.1208858
AMA Günlü S, Karahan MZ. Prevalence of Hypertension in Military Personnel: A Study Conducted in Türkiye. BSJ Health Sci. April 2023;6(2):274-278. doi:10.19127/bshealthscience.1208858
Chicago Günlü, Serhat, and Mehmet Zülkif Karahan. “Prevalence of Hypertension in Military Personnel: A Study Conducted in Türkiye”. Black Sea Journal of Health Science 6, no. 2 (April 2023): 274-78. https://doi.org/10.19127/bshealthscience.1208858.
EndNote Günlü S, Karahan MZ (April 1, 2023) Prevalence of Hypertension in Military Personnel: A Study Conducted in Türkiye. Black Sea Journal of Health Science 6 2 274–278.
IEEE S. Günlü and M. Z. Karahan, “Prevalence of Hypertension in Military Personnel: A Study Conducted in Türkiye”, BSJ Health Sci., vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 274–278, 2023, doi: 10.19127/bshealthscience.1208858.
ISNAD Günlü, Serhat - Karahan, Mehmet Zülkif. “Prevalence of Hypertension in Military Personnel: A Study Conducted in Türkiye”. Black Sea Journal of Health Science 6/2 (April 2023), 274-278. https://doi.org/10.19127/bshealthscience.1208858.
JAMA Günlü S, Karahan MZ. Prevalence of Hypertension in Military Personnel: A Study Conducted in Türkiye. BSJ Health Sci. 2023;6:274–278.
MLA Günlü, Serhat and Mehmet Zülkif Karahan. “Prevalence of Hypertension in Military Personnel: A Study Conducted in Türkiye”. Black Sea Journal of Health Science, vol. 6, no. 2, 2023, pp. 274-8, doi:10.19127/bshealthscience.1208858.
Vancouver Günlü S, Karahan MZ. Prevalence of Hypertension in Military Personnel: A Study Conducted in Türkiye. BSJ Health Sci. 2023;6(2):274-8.