Nursing Students’ Views on the Roles of Lecturers in Distance Education during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Turkey: A Qualitative Study

Emine Akçin Şenyuva; Figen Çalışkan

doi:10.34087/cbusbed.1297737

Research Article

Nursing Students’ Views on the Roles of Lecturers in Distance Education during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Turkey: A Qualitative Study

Year 2023, Volume: 10 Issue: 4, 318 - 327, 28.12.2023

Emine Akçin Şenyuva Figen Çalışkan

https://doi.org/10.34087/cbusbed.1297737

Abstract

Aim: In the research, it was aimed to determine the views of nursing students on the changing roles of lecturers in distance education during the COVID-19 pandemic process.
Material and Methods: The research is in a mixed research design. The research was conducted with 50 nursing students who agreed to participate in the research. In determining the research sample, maximum variation sampling method was used. In the analysis of the quantitative data, frequency/percentage, arithmetic mean, and standard deviation values were calculated. In the analysis of qualitative data, "content analysis technique" was used.
Results: Students feel that instructors have not yet fulfilled their role in distance education to the desired level, and are fulfilling these roles more efficiently and effectively in face-to-face education than in distance education. Students’ views on the role of lecturers in distance education are defined under seven themes: classroom management, student motivation, communication with the student, active participation of the student, teaching method, teaching material, and technology use.
Conclusion: In accordance with these results: examining the readiness of lecturers for distance education may be suggested to ensure that lecturers participate in the training of trainers and in-service training activities to improve their roles and competencies in distance education.

Keywords

COVID-19, distance education, lecturer, lecturer’ roles, nursing students

Supporting Institution

Project Number

Thanks

We are grateful for the contributions from all the participants.

References

1. World Health Organization, (WHO), WHO director-general’s opening remarks at the mission briefing on COVID-19–12 March 2020, https://www.who.int/director-general/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-mission-briefing-on-COVID-19---12-march-2020. (Accessed March 23, 2021).
2. Huang, C, Wang, Y, Li, X, Ren, L, Zhao, J, Hu, Y, Zhang, L, Fan, G, Xu, J, Gu, X, Cheng, Z, Yu, T, Xia, J, Wei, Y, Wu, W, Xie, X, Yin, W, Li, H, Liu, M, Xiao, Y, Gao, H, Guo, L, Xie, J, Wang, G, Jiang, R, Gao, Z, Jin, Q, Wang, J, Cao, B, Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China, The Lancet, 2020, 395(10223), 497–506. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5.
3. Toquero, C.M, Challenges and opportunities for higher education amid the COVID-19 pandemic: The Philippine context, Pedagogical Research, 2020, 5(4), em0063. https://doi.org/10.29333/pr/7947.
4. Cahapay, M.B, Rethinking education in the new normal post-COVID-19 era: A curriculum studies perspective. Aquademia, 2020, 4(2), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.29333/aquademia/8315.
5. Hodges, C, Moore, S, Lockee, B, Trust, T, Bond, A, The difference between emergency remote teaching and online learning, 2020, https://er.educause.edu/articles/2020/3/the-difference-between-emergency-remoteteaching-and-online-learning. (Accessed March 15, 2021).
6. Sindiani, A.M, Obeidat, N, Alshdaifat, E, Elsalem, L, Alwani, M.M, Rawashdeh, H, Fares, A.S, Alalawne, T, Tawalbeh, L.I, Distance education during the COVID-19 outbreak: A cross-sectional study among medical students in North of Jordan. Annals of Medicine and Surgery, 2020, 59, 186-94. Doi:10.1016/j.amsu.2020.09.036.
7. Cuaton, G.P, Philippines higher education iew (2nd ed.). Press: Wadsworth Publishing, 2020.
8. Yamamoto, G, Altun, D, Coronavirüs ve çevrimiçi (online) eğitimin önlenemeyen yükselişi. Üniversite Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2020, 3(1), 25-34. Doi:10.26701/uad.711110.
9. Sayan, H, COVİD-19 pandemisi sürecinde öğretim elemanlarının uzaktan eğitime ilişkin görüşlerinin değerlendirilmesi, AJIT-e: Bilişim Teknolojileri Online Dergisi, 2020, 11(42), 100-21. https://doi.org/10.5824/ajite.2020.03.004.x.
10. Mitchell, L.D, Parlamis, J.D, Claiborne, S.A, Overcoming faculty avoidance of online education= From resistance to support to active participation. Journal of Management Education, 2015, 39(3), 350-71. https://doi.org/10.1177/1052562914547964.
11. Gök, B, Kılıç, Çakmak, E, Uzaktan eğitimde ders veren öğretim elemanlarının uzaktan eğitim algısı. Kastamonu Education Journal, 2020, 28(5), 1915-1931. doi: 10.24106/kefdergi.3914.
12. Martin, F, Budhrani, K, Wang, C, Examining faculty perception of their readiness to teach online, Online Learning, 2019, 23(3), 97-119. doi:10.24059/olj.v23i3.1555.
13. Moralista, R, Oducado, R.M, Faculty perception toward online education in a State College in the Philippines during the Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic, Universal Journal of Educational Research, 2020, 8(10), 4736-4742. DOI: 10.13189/ujer.2020.081044.
14. Aguilera-Hermida, A.P, College students’ use and acceptance of emergency online learning due to COVID-19, International Journal of Educational Research Open, 2020, 1, 100011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedro.2020.100011.
15. Mishra, L, Gupta, T, Shree, A, Online teaching-learning in higher education during lockdown period of COVID-19 pandemic, International Journal of Educational Research Open, 2020, 1, 100012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedro.2020.100012.
16. Pozdnyakova, O, Pozdnyakov, A. Adult students’ problems in the distance learning, Procedia Engineering, 2017, 178, 243-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.01.105.
17. Ramos-Morcillo, A.J, Leal-Costa, C, Moral-García, J.E, Ruzafa-Martínez, M, Experiences of nursing students during the abrupt change from face-to-face to e-learning education during the first month of confinement due to COVID-19 in Spain, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2020, 17(15), 5519. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17155519.
18. Kapucu Kocatürk, N, Adnan, M, Uzaktan öğretimde çevrimiçi eğitmen başarısının değerlendirilmesi, HAYEF: Journal of Education, 2018, 15(1), 7–20. DOI:10.26650/hayef.2018.15.1.0004.
19. Council of Higher Education, Coronavirus (COVID-19) information note: 1, 2020, https://www.yok.gov.tr/Sayfalar/Haberler/2020/coronavirus_bilgilendirme_1.aspx. (Accessed January 29, 2021).
20. Çalıkoğlu, A, Gümüş, S, The future of higher education= The effects of COVID-19 on teaching, research and internationalization, Journal of Higher Education, 2020, 10(3), 249-59. https://doi.org/10.2399/yod.20.005000.
21. Khalili, H, Online interprofessional education during and post the COVID-19 pandemic: a commentary, Journal of Interprofessional Care, 2020, 34(5), 687-90. DOI: 10.1080/13561820.2020.1792424.
22. Lee, Y, Choi, J, A review of online course dropout research: implications for practice and future research, Educational Technology Research and Development, 2011, 59(5), 593-618. DOI 10.1007/s11423-010-9177-y.
23. Gillet-Swan, J.K, The challenges of online learning: supporting engaging the isolated learner, Journal of Learning Design, 2017, 10(1), 20-30. https://doi.org/10.5204/jld.v9i3.293.
24. Peloso, R.M, Ferruzzi, F, Mori, A.A, Camacho, D.P, Franzin, L.C.D.S, Margioto Teston, A.P, Freitas, K.M.S, Notes from the field: concerns of health-related higher education students in Brazil pertaining to distance learning during the coronavirus pandemic, Evaluation & the Health Professions, 2020, 43(3), 201-3. DOI: 10.1177/0163278720939302
25. Puljak, L, Čivljak, M, Haramina, A, Mališa, S, Čavić, D, Klinec, D, Aranza, D, Mesarić, J, Skitarelić, N, Zoranić, S, Majstorović, D, Neuberg, M, Mikšić, Š, Ivanišević, K, Attitudes and concerns of undergraduate university health sciences students in Croatia regarding complete switch to e-learning during COVID-19 pandemic: A survey, BMC Medical Education, 2020, 20(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-020-02343-7.
26. Lackey, K, Faculty development: an analysis of current and effective training strategies for preparing faculty to teach online, Online Journal of Distance Learning Administration, 2011, 14(4), https://www.westga.edu/~distance/ojdla/winter144/lackey144.html. (Accessed March 18, 2021).
27. Lisciandrello, J, Online classroom management: Five tips for teachers in transition, 2020 https://roomtodiscover.com/online-classroom-management/, (Accessed January 29, 2021).
28. Weis, C, 4 ways to manage your virtual classroom like a pro, 2020, https://www.fortheloveofteachers.com/4-ways-to-manage-your-virtual-classroom-like-a-pro/, (Accessed March 23, 2021).
29. Bernstein, A.G, Isaac, C, Critical thinking criteria for evaluating online discussion, International Journal for the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning, 2018, 12(2), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.20429/ijsotl.2018.120211.
30. Cheng, G, Chau, J, Exploring the relationships between learning styles, online participation, learning achievement and course satisfaction= An empirical study of a blended learning course, British Journal of Educational Technology, 2016, 47(2), 257-78. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12243.
31. Langegård, U, Kiani, K, Nielsen, S.J, Svensson, P.A, Nursing students’ experiences of a pedagogical transition from campus learning to distance learning using digital tools, BMC Nursing, 2021, 20(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-021-00542-1.
32. Wang, C, Cheng, Z, Yue, X.G, McAleer, M, Risk management of COVID-19 by universities in China, Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 2020, 13(2), 36. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm13020036.
33. Ghirardini, B, E-learning methodologies: a guide for designing and developing e-learning courses. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2011, http://www.fao.org/3/i2516e/i2516e00.pdf, (Accessed March 15, 2021).
34. Singh, A, Haynes, M, The challenges of COVID-19 in nursing education: The time for faculty leadership training is now, Nurse Education in Practice, 2020, 47, 1-2. doi: 10.1016/j.nepr.2020.102831.
35. Wingo, N.P, Ivankova, N.V, Moss, J.A, Faculty perceptions about teaching online: exploring the literature using the technology acceptance model as an organizing framework, Online Learning, 2017, 21(1), 15-35. doi: 10.10.24059/olj.v21i1.761.

Hemşirelik Öğrencilerinin COVID-19 Pandemi Sürecinde Uzaktan Eğitimde Öğretim Elemanlarının Değişen Rollerine İlişkin Görüşleri: Niteliksel Bir Çalışma

Year 2023, Volume: 10 Issue: 4, 318 - 327, 28.12.2023

Emine Akçin Şenyuva Figen Çalışkan

https://doi.org/10.34087/cbusbed.1297737

Abstract

Amaç: Araştırmada, hemşirelik öğrencilerinin COVID-19 pandemi sürecinde uzaktan eğitimde öğretim elemanlarının değişen rollerine ilişkin görüşlerini belirlemek amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Araştırma, karma araştırma tasarımındadır. Araştırma, araştırmaya katılmayı kabul eden 50 hemşirelik öğrencisi ile gerçekleştirildi. Araştırma örnekleminin belirlenmesinde, maksimum çeşitlilik örnekleme yöntemi kullanıldı. Nicel verilerin analizinde frekans/yüzde, aritmetik ortalama ve standart sapma değerleri hesaplandı. Nitel verilerin analizinde “içerik analizi tekniği” kullanıldı.
Bulgular: Öğrenciler, öğretim elemanlarının uzaktan eğitimdeki rollerini henüz istenilen düzeyde yerine getirmediklerini ve bu rolleri yüz yüze eğitimde uzaktan eğitime göre daha verimli ve etkili bir şekilde yerine getirdiklerini düşünmektedirler. Uzaktan eğitimde öğretim elemanlarının rolüne ilişkin öğrencilerin görüşleri yedi tema altında tanımlandı: sınıf yönetimi, öğrenci motivasyonu, öğrenci ile iletişim, öğrencinin aktif katılımı, öğretim yöntemi, öğretim materyali ve teknoloji kullanımı.
Sonuç: Bu sonuçlar doğrultusunda; öğretim elemanlarının uzaktan eğitimdeki rollerini ve yeterliklerini geliştirmeye yönelik hizmet içi eğitimlere katılımlarının sağlanması ve öğretim elemanlarının uzaktan eğitime hazırbulunuşluklarının incelenmesi önerilebilir.

Keywords

COVID-19, uzaktan eğitim, öğretim elemanı, öğretim elemanının rolleri, hemşirelik öğrencileri

Project Number

References

1. World Health Organization, (WHO), WHO director-general’s opening remarks at the mission briefing on COVID-19–12 March 2020, https://www.who.int/director-general/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-mission-briefing-on-COVID-19---12-march-2020. (Accessed March 23, 2021).
2. Huang, C, Wang, Y, Li, X, Ren, L, Zhao, J, Hu, Y, Zhang, L, Fan, G, Xu, J, Gu, X, Cheng, Z, Yu, T, Xia, J, Wei, Y, Wu, W, Xie, X, Yin, W, Li, H, Liu, M, Xiao, Y, Gao, H, Guo, L, Xie, J, Wang, G, Jiang, R, Gao, Z, Jin, Q, Wang, J, Cao, B, Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China, The Lancet, 2020, 395(10223), 497–506. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5.
3. Toquero, C.M, Challenges and opportunities for higher education amid the COVID-19 pandemic: The Philippine context, Pedagogical Research, 2020, 5(4), em0063. https://doi.org/10.29333/pr/7947.
4. Cahapay, M.B, Rethinking education in the new normal post-COVID-19 era: A curriculum studies perspective. Aquademia, 2020, 4(2), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.29333/aquademia/8315.
5. Hodges, C, Moore, S, Lockee, B, Trust, T, Bond, A, The difference between emergency remote teaching and online learning, 2020, https://er.educause.edu/articles/2020/3/the-difference-between-emergency-remoteteaching-and-online-learning. (Accessed March 15, 2021).
6. Sindiani, A.M, Obeidat, N, Alshdaifat, E, Elsalem, L, Alwani, M.M, Rawashdeh, H, Fares, A.S, Alalawne, T, Tawalbeh, L.I, Distance education during the COVID-19 outbreak: A cross-sectional study among medical students in North of Jordan. Annals of Medicine and Surgery, 2020, 59, 186-94. Doi:10.1016/j.amsu.2020.09.036.
7. Cuaton, G.P, Philippines higher education iew (2nd ed.). Press: Wadsworth Publishing, 2020.
8. Yamamoto, G, Altun, D, Coronavirüs ve çevrimiçi (online) eğitimin önlenemeyen yükselişi. Üniversite Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2020, 3(1), 25-34. Doi:10.26701/uad.711110.
9. Sayan, H, COVİD-19 pandemisi sürecinde öğretim elemanlarının uzaktan eğitime ilişkin görüşlerinin değerlendirilmesi, AJIT-e: Bilişim Teknolojileri Online Dergisi, 2020, 11(42), 100-21. https://doi.org/10.5824/ajite.2020.03.004.x.
10. Mitchell, L.D, Parlamis, J.D, Claiborne, S.A, Overcoming faculty avoidance of online education= From resistance to support to active participation. Journal of Management Education, 2015, 39(3), 350-71. https://doi.org/10.1177/1052562914547964.
11. Gök, B, Kılıç, Çakmak, E, Uzaktan eğitimde ders veren öğretim elemanlarının uzaktan eğitim algısı. Kastamonu Education Journal, 2020, 28(5), 1915-1931. doi: 10.24106/kefdergi.3914.
12. Martin, F, Budhrani, K, Wang, C, Examining faculty perception of their readiness to teach online, Online Learning, 2019, 23(3), 97-119. doi:10.24059/olj.v23i3.1555.
13. Moralista, R, Oducado, R.M, Faculty perception toward online education in a State College in the Philippines during the Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic, Universal Journal of Educational Research, 2020, 8(10), 4736-4742. DOI: 10.13189/ujer.2020.081044.
14. Aguilera-Hermida, A.P, College students’ use and acceptance of emergency online learning due to COVID-19, International Journal of Educational Research Open, 2020, 1, 100011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedro.2020.100011.
15. Mishra, L, Gupta, T, Shree, A, Online teaching-learning in higher education during lockdown period of COVID-19 pandemic, International Journal of Educational Research Open, 2020, 1, 100012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedro.2020.100012.
16. Pozdnyakova, O, Pozdnyakov, A. Adult students’ problems in the distance learning, Procedia Engineering, 2017, 178, 243-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.01.105.
17. Ramos-Morcillo, A.J, Leal-Costa, C, Moral-García, J.E, Ruzafa-Martínez, M, Experiences of nursing students during the abrupt change from face-to-face to e-learning education during the first month of confinement due to COVID-19 in Spain, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2020, 17(15), 5519. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17155519.
18. Kapucu Kocatürk, N, Adnan, M, Uzaktan öğretimde çevrimiçi eğitmen başarısının değerlendirilmesi, HAYEF: Journal of Education, 2018, 15(1), 7–20. DOI:10.26650/hayef.2018.15.1.0004.
19. Council of Higher Education, Coronavirus (COVID-19) information note: 1, 2020, https://www.yok.gov.tr/Sayfalar/Haberler/2020/coronavirus_bilgilendirme_1.aspx. (Accessed January 29, 2021).
20. Çalıkoğlu, A, Gümüş, S, The future of higher education= The effects of COVID-19 on teaching, research and internationalization, Journal of Higher Education, 2020, 10(3), 249-59. https://doi.org/10.2399/yod.20.005000.
21. Khalili, H, Online interprofessional education during and post the COVID-19 pandemic: a commentary, Journal of Interprofessional Care, 2020, 34(5), 687-90. DOI: 10.1080/13561820.2020.1792424.
22. Lee, Y, Choi, J, A review of online course dropout research: implications for practice and future research, Educational Technology Research and Development, 2011, 59(5), 593-618. DOI 10.1007/s11423-010-9177-y.
23. Gillet-Swan, J.K, The challenges of online learning: supporting engaging the isolated learner, Journal of Learning Design, 2017, 10(1), 20-30. https://doi.org/10.5204/jld.v9i3.293.
24. Peloso, R.M, Ferruzzi, F, Mori, A.A, Camacho, D.P, Franzin, L.C.D.S, Margioto Teston, A.P, Freitas, K.M.S, Notes from the field: concerns of health-related higher education students in Brazil pertaining to distance learning during the coronavirus pandemic, Evaluation & the Health Professions, 2020, 43(3), 201-3. DOI: 10.1177/0163278720939302
25. Puljak, L, Čivljak, M, Haramina, A, Mališa, S, Čavić, D, Klinec, D, Aranza, D, Mesarić, J, Skitarelić, N, Zoranić, S, Majstorović, D, Neuberg, M, Mikšić, Š, Ivanišević, K, Attitudes and concerns of undergraduate university health sciences students in Croatia regarding complete switch to e-learning during COVID-19 pandemic: A survey, BMC Medical Education, 2020, 20(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-020-02343-7.
26. Lackey, K, Faculty development: an analysis of current and effective training strategies for preparing faculty to teach online, Online Journal of Distance Learning Administration, 2011, 14(4), https://www.westga.edu/~distance/ojdla/winter144/lackey144.html. (Accessed March 18, 2021).
27. Lisciandrello, J, Online classroom management: Five tips for teachers in transition, 2020 https://roomtodiscover.com/online-classroom-management/, (Accessed January 29, 2021).
28. Weis, C, 4 ways to manage your virtual classroom like a pro, 2020, https://www.fortheloveofteachers.com/4-ways-to-manage-your-virtual-classroom-like-a-pro/, (Accessed March 23, 2021).
29. Bernstein, A.G, Isaac, C, Critical thinking criteria for evaluating online discussion, International Journal for the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning, 2018, 12(2), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.20429/ijsotl.2018.120211.
30. Cheng, G, Chau, J, Exploring the relationships between learning styles, online participation, learning achievement and course satisfaction= An empirical study of a blended learning course, British Journal of Educational Technology, 2016, 47(2), 257-78. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12243.
31. Langegård, U, Kiani, K, Nielsen, S.J, Svensson, P.A, Nursing students’ experiences of a pedagogical transition from campus learning to distance learning using digital tools, BMC Nursing, 2021, 20(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-021-00542-1.
32. Wang, C, Cheng, Z, Yue, X.G, McAleer, M, Risk management of COVID-19 by universities in China, Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 2020, 13(2), 36. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm13020036.
33. Ghirardini, B, E-learning methodologies: a guide for designing and developing e-learning courses. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2011, http://www.fao.org/3/i2516e/i2516e00.pdf, (Accessed March 15, 2021).
34. Singh, A, Haynes, M, The challenges of COVID-19 in nursing education: The time for faculty leadership training is now, Nurse Education in Practice, 2020, 47, 1-2. doi: 10.1016/j.nepr.2020.102831.
35. Wingo, N.P, Ivankova, N.V, Moss, J.A, Faculty perceptions about teaching online: exploring the literature using the technology acceptance model as an organizing framework, Online Learning, 2017, 21(1), 15-35. doi: 10.10.24059/olj.v21i1.761.

There are 35 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language	English
Subjects	Nursing
Journal Section	Araştırma Makalesi
Authors	Emine Akçin Şenyuva 0000-0001-8855-6692 Figen Çalışkan 0000-0002-5086-3571
Project Number	NO
Publication Date	December 28, 2023
Published in Issue	Year 2023 Volume: 10 Issue: 4

Cite

APA	Akçin Şenyuva, E., & Çalışkan, F. (2023). Nursing Students’ Views on the Roles of Lecturers in Distance Education during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Turkey: A Qualitative Study. Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 10(4), 318-327. https://doi.org/10.34087/cbusbed.1297737
AMA	Akçin Şenyuva E, Çalışkan F. Nursing Students’ Views on the Roles of Lecturers in Distance Education during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Turkey: A Qualitative Study. CBU-SBED: Celal Bayar University-Health Sciences Institute Journal. December 2023;10(4):318-327. doi:10.34087/cbusbed.1297737
Chicago	Akçin Şenyuva, Emine, and Figen Çalışkan. “Nursing Students’ Views on the Roles of Lecturers in Distance Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Turkey: A Qualitative Study”. Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 10, no. 4 (December 2023): 318-27. https://doi.org/10.34087/cbusbed.1297737.
EndNote	Akçin Şenyuva E, Çalışkan F (December 1, 2023) Nursing Students’ Views on the Roles of Lecturers in Distance Education during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Turkey: A Qualitative Study. Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 10 4 318–327.
IEEE	E. Akçin Şenyuva and F. Çalışkan, “Nursing Students’ Views on the Roles of Lecturers in Distance Education during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Turkey: A Qualitative Study”, CBU-SBED: Celal Bayar University-Health Sciences Institute Journal, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 318–327, 2023, doi: 10.34087/cbusbed.1297737.
ISNAD	Akçin Şenyuva, Emine - Çalışkan, Figen. “Nursing Students’ Views on the Roles of Lecturers in Distance Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Turkey: A Qualitative Study”. Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 10/4 (December 2023), 318-327. https://doi.org/10.34087/cbusbed.1297737.
JAMA	Akçin Şenyuva E, Çalışkan F. Nursing Students’ Views on the Roles of Lecturers in Distance Education during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Turkey: A Qualitative Study. CBU-SBED: Celal Bayar University-Health Sciences Institute Journal. 2023;10:318–327.
MLA	Akçin Şenyuva, Emine and Figen Çalışkan. “Nursing Students’ Views on the Roles of Lecturers in Distance Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Turkey: A Qualitative Study”. Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, vol. 10, no. 4, 2023, pp. 318-27, doi:10.34087/cbusbed.1297737.
Vancouver	Akçin Şenyuva E, Çalışkan F. Nursing Students’ Views on the Roles of Lecturers in Distance Education during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Turkey: A Qualitative Study. CBU-SBED: Celal Bayar University-Health Sciences Institute Journal. 2023;10(4):318-27.

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