Research Article
Are soil and waterborne parasitic infections health risk for worker populations in southeast Turkey?
Abstract
Objective: The soil and waterborne parasitic infections rate is high degree in developed and developing countries.
Migratory workers have greater exposure to these parasitic infections and a lot of morbidity due to these infections in
workers.
For this reason, we aimed to investigate the presence of soil and waterborne parasites in the Gaziantep Organized
Industrial Zone of southeast Turkey.
Methods: A total of 25 environmental samples (18 soil samples and 7 water samples) were taken from The Gaziantep
Organized Industrial Zone, in two different seasons (summer and winter). All of the samples were screened for
parasites using microscopic examination and culture methods. The parasites were genotyped with polymerase chain
reaction and DNA sequencing analysis.
Results: The prevalence of soil and water transmitted parasites was found to be positive 52% (13/25) in summer
while there is no any parasites in winter. It was found 22.3% (4/18) Acanthamoeba (genotype4), 16.6% (3/18)
Ascaris lumbricoides, 11.1% (2/18) Strongoides stercoralis in soil samples and 14.3% (1/7) Acanthamoeba (genotype
4), 42.9% (3/7) Blastocystis (subtype3) in all of water samples.
Conclusion: The migratory worker waves have always shaped the ethnic composition and public health problem of
the province of Gaziantep. Climate change has the potential to influence prevalence of parasite and our study has
shown that increased prevalence of parasite in summer. The global target for the coming years should be to remove
the deaths from earth and waterborne parasitic infections in the worker populations. Thus, we prevent the
distribution of parasitic infections in our country.
References
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- 25. Ragavan ND, Govind SK, Chye TT, Mahadeva S.Phenotypic variation in Blastocystis sp ST3. Parasit Vectors 2014; 29: 7:404.
- 26. Siddiqui AA, Berk SL. Diagnosis of Strongyloides stercoralis infection. Clin Infect Dis 2001; 33: 1040-7.
- 27. Slifko TR, Smith HV, Rose JB. Emerging parasite zoonoses associated with water and food. Int J Parasitol 2000; 30: 1379-1393.
- 28. Shim KC, Koprivnikar J, Forbes MR. Variable effects of increased temperature on a trematode parasite and its intertidal hosts. J Exp Mar Bio and Eco 2013; 61-8.
- 29. Cicek M, Yılmaz H. Prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp and other intestinal parasites in children with diarrhea. Dicle Med J 2011; 38:70-5.
- 30. Tascengiz Z, Beyhan YE, Cicek M, Yılmaz H. Intestinal and hepatic parasites determined in a university hospital parasitology laboratory. Dicle Med J 2015; 42:350-4.
- 31. Karaman U, Kolören Z, Demirel E, et al. The presence of parasites in the waters of Giresun province. Dicle Med J 2016; 521-6.
- 32. Fırat Z, Gecit I, Depecik F, et al. Frequency of intestinal parasites in employees of a state hospital. Dicle Med J 2010; 37: 267-71.
Year 2017,
Volume: 44 Issue: 2, 205 - 212, 07.06.2017
Abstract
References
- 1.http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs366/en (accessed 05 February 2017).
- 2. Magliano AC, da Silva FM, Teixeira MM, Alfieri SC.Genotyping, physiological features and proteolytic activities of a potentially pathogenic Acanthamoeba sp isolated tap water in Brazil. Exp Parasitol 2009; 123:231-5.
- 3. Baldursson S, Karanis P. Waterborne transmission of protozoan parasites: review of worldwide outbreaksan update 2004-2010. Water Res 2011; 45:6603-14.
- 4. Pilotte N, Papaiakovou M, Grant JR, et al. Improved PCR-based detection of soil transmitted helminth infections using a next-generation sequencing approach to assay design. Plos Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0004578.
- 5. Lorenzo-Morales J, Martin-Navarro CM, Lopez-Arencibia A, et al. Acanthamoeba keratitis: an emerging disease gathering importance worldwide? Trens Parasitol 2013; 29:181-7.
- 6. Karanis P, Kourenti C, Smith H. Waterborne transmission of protozoan parasites: a worldwide review of outbreaks and lessons learnt. J Water Health 2007; 5:1-38.
- 7. Caroline Okeke O, Obiageli Ubachukwu P. A crosssectional study of Ascaris lumbricoides infection in a rural community in Ebonyi State, Nigeria: prevalence and risk factors. Iran J Public Health 2015; 44:1430-2.
- 8. Pipatsatitpong D, Rangsin R, Leelayoova S, et al.Incidence and risk factors of Blastocystis infection in an orphanage in Bangkok, Thailand. Parasit Vectors 2012; 14:5:37.
- 9. Azizian M, Basati G, Abangah G, et al. Contribution of Blastocystis hominis subtypes and associated inflammatory factors in development of irritable bowel syndrome. Parasitol Res 2016; doi: 10.1007/s00436-016-4942-4.
- 10. Ostera G, Blum J. Strongyloidiasis: risk and healthcare access for Latin American immigrants living in the United States. Curr Trop Med Rep 2016;3:1-3.
- 11. http://businessturkeytoday.com/gaziantep-ahistorical-town-and-a-major-industry-center-insoutheastern- turkey.html (accessed 29 March 2016).
- 12. Schroeder JM, Booton GC, Hay J, et al. Use of subgenic 18S ribosomal DNA PCR and sequencing for genus and genotype identification of acanthamoebae from humans with keratitis and from sewage sludge. J Clin Microbiol 2001; 39:1903-11.
- 13. Yoshikawa H, Wu Z, Kimata I, et al. Polymerase chain reaction based genotype classification among human Blastocystis hominis populations isolated from different countries. Parasitol Res 2004; 92:22-9.
- 14. Ryan S, Hislop J, Ziebland S. Do we all agree what “good health care”looks like? Views from those who are “seldom heard” in health research, policy and service improvement. Health Expect 2017; doi: 10.1111/hex.12528.
- 15. Koruk I, Simsek Z, Tekin Koruk S, et al. Intestinal parasites, nutritional status and physchomotor development delay in migratory farm worker’s children. Child Care Health Dev 2010; 36:888-94.
- 16. Strunz EC, Addiss DG, Stocks ME, et al. Water, sanitation, hygiene, and soil-transmitted helminth infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Plos Med 2014; 11:e1001620.
- 17. Iovieno A, Ledee DR, Miller D, et al. Detection of bacterial endosymbionts in clinical Acanthamoeba isolates. Ophthalmology 2010; 117:445-52.
- 18. Evyapan G, Koltas IS, Eroglu F. Genotyping of Acanthamoeba T15: the environmental strain in Turkey. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2015; 109:221-4.
- 19. Bagheri H, Shafiei R, Shafiei F, Sajjadi S. Isolation of Acanthamoeba spp from drinking waters in several hospitals of Iran. Iran J Parasitol 2010; 5:19-25.
- 20. Magnet A, Fenoy S, Galvan AL, et al. A year long study of the presence of free living amoeba in Spain. Water Res 2013;47:6966-72.
- 21. Ashbolt NJ. Microbiol contamination of drinking water and disease outcomes in developing regions. Toxicology 2004; 198: 229-38.
- 22. Ithoi I, Jali A, Mak JW, et al. Occurrence of Blastocystis in water of two rivers from recreational areas in Malaysia. J Parasitol Res 2011;123916.
- 23. Ragavan ND, Kumar S, Chye TT, et al. Blastocystis sp in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) detection in stool aspirates during colonoscopy. Plos One 2015; 10:e0121173.
- 24. Poruk S, Udomsom R, Koompapong K, et al. Subtype distribution of Blastocystis in Thai-Myanmar border, Thailand. Korean J Parasitol 2015; 53:13-9.
- 25. Ragavan ND, Govind SK, Chye TT, Mahadeva S.Phenotypic variation in Blastocystis sp ST3. Parasit Vectors 2014; 29: 7:404.
- 26. Siddiqui AA, Berk SL. Diagnosis of Strongyloides stercoralis infection. Clin Infect Dis 2001; 33: 1040-7.
- 27. Slifko TR, Smith HV, Rose JB. Emerging parasite zoonoses associated with water and food. Int J Parasitol 2000; 30: 1379-1393.
- 28. Shim KC, Koprivnikar J, Forbes MR. Variable effects of increased temperature on a trematode parasite and its intertidal hosts. J Exp Mar Bio and Eco 2013; 61-8.
- 29. Cicek M, Yılmaz H. Prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp and other intestinal parasites in children with diarrhea. Dicle Med J 2011; 38:70-5.
- 30. Tascengiz Z, Beyhan YE, Cicek M, Yılmaz H. Intestinal and hepatic parasites determined in a university hospital parasitology laboratory. Dicle Med J 2015; 42:350-4.
- 31. Karaman U, Kolören Z, Demirel E, et al. The presence of parasites in the waters of Giresun province. Dicle Med J 2016; 521-6.
- 32. Fırat Z, Gecit I, Depecik F, et al. Frequency of intestinal parasites in employees of a state hospital. Dicle Med J 2010; 37: 267-71.
There are 32 citations in total.
Details
| Journal Section | Research Articles |
|---|---|
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | June 7, 2017 |
| Submission Date | June 7, 2017 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2017 Volume: 44 Issue: 2 |