Research Article
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Erişkinlerde Tetanoz Antikor Düzeylerinin Araştırılması

Year 2019, Volume: 21 Issue: 2, 98 - 102, 30.08.2019

İlknur Alkan Cihadiye Elif Öztürk Emel Çalışkan Nida Akar

https://doi.org/10.18678/dtfd.554274
Cited By: 2

Abstract

Amaç: Tetanoz, Clostridium tetani tarafından oluşturulan tetanospazmin isimli ekzotoksinlerin neden olduğu, akut ve ölümcül bir hastalıktır. Aşılama ile önlenebilir olmasına rağmen tetanoz halen mortalitesi yüksek olan toksi-infeksiyoz bir hastalıktır. Bu kesitsel çalışmada, bölgemizdeki erişkinlerde tetanoz anti-toksin IgG seviyelerinin ve tetanoz anti-toksin IgG seviyelerini etkileyen faktörlerin saptanması amaçlanmıştır.

Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu kesitsel çalışma, Düzce Üniversitesi Sağlık Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi Laboratuvarı kan alma ünitesine başvuran hastalar ile yapılmıştır. Tetanoz antikorlarının saptanmasında Tetanus anti-toksin IgG Enzyme-Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay kitleri (Katalog no: EI 2060-9601 G, Euroimmun, Almanya) kullanılmıştır. Tetanoz anti-toksin IgG ≥0,1 IU/ml olanlar bağışık kabul edilmiştir. Çalışmaya katılan kişilere ait sosyodemografik bilgiler kan alma esnasında anket yapılarak toplanmıştır.

Bulgular: Toplam 356 hastanın 140 (%39,3)’ında yeterli tetanoz antikoru saptanmıştır. Koruyucu düzeyde antikor, 30-40 yaş grubunda 49 (%70,0), 41-50 yaş grubunda 39 (%54,9), 51-60 yaş grubunda 22 (%31,0), 61-70 yaş grubunda 16 (%22,2), >71 yaş grubunda 14 (%19,4) oranlarında saptanmıştır. Tetanoza bağışıklık oranlarının yaşlanma ile birlikte belirgin biçimde azaldığı görülmüştür (p<0,001). Eğitim süresi fazla olanlar ve herhangi bir nedenle erişkin yaşlarında aşı yapılan gruplarda koruyucu düzeydeki antikorlar diğer gruplara göre daha yüksek oranda bulunmuştur (her iki p<0.001).

Sonuç: Çocukluk çağındaki bağışıklığın, yetişkinlik döneminde rutin tetanoz bağışıklık programı ile rapel dozlarla güçlendirilmesi gerektiği düşünülmüştür. Ayrıca eğitim seviyesi yüksek olanlarda tetanoz bağışıklık oranının da yüksek bulunması eğitimin önemini göstermiştir.

Keywords

Erişkin aşılaması tetanoz tetanoz anti-toksin IgG tetanoz aşısı

References

  • Weisberg SS. Tetanus. Dis Mon. 2007;53(10):519-21.
  • Bleck TP. Clostridium tetani (Tetanus). In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R, editors. Principles and practice of infectious diseases. 6th ed. Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone; 2005. p.2817-22.
  • Pascual FB, McGinley EL, Zanardi LR, Cortese MM, Murphy TV. Tetanus Surveillance-United States, 1998-2000. MMWR Surveill Summ. 2003;52(3):1-8.
  • Kurtoglu D, Gozalan A, Coplu N, Miyamura K, Morita M, Esen B, et al. Community-based seroepidemiology of tetanus in three selected provinces in Turkey. Jpn J Infect Dis. 2004;57(1):10-6.
  • Tosun SY, Atman Ü, Kasırga E, İnceboz Ü. Is the booster vaccine for tetanus in older age necessary? Turk Mikrobiyol Cem Derg. 2003;33(2):148-52.
  • Gülcü S, Arslan S. Vaccine application on children: a current review. J DU Health Sci Inst. 2018;8(1):34-43.
  • Coplu N, Esen B, Gozalan A, Kurtoglu D, Ishid S, Miyamura K. Immunity against tetanus and effect of vaccination in Turkey. Scand J Infect Dis. 2006;38(11-12):1009-16.
  • Dundar V, Yumuk Z, Ozturk-Dundar D, Erdoğan S, Gacar G. Prevalence of tetanus immunity in the Kocaeli region, Turkey. Jpn J Infect Dis. 2005;58(5):279-82.
  • Kjeldsen K, Simonsen O, Heron I. Immunity against diphtheria and tetanus in the age group 30-70 years. Scand J Infect Dis. 1988;20(2):177-85.
  • Gidding HF, Bachause JL, Burgess MA, Gilbert GL. Immunity to diphtheria and tetanus in Australia: a national serosurvey. Med J Aust. 2005;183(6):301-4.
  • Rapisarda V, Bracci M, Nunnari G, Ferrante M, Ledda C. Tetanus immunity in construction workers in Italy. Occup Med. 2014;64(3):217-9.
  • Ang LW, James L, Goh KT. Prevalence of diphtheria and tetanus antibodies among adults in Singapore: a national serological study to identify most susceptible population groups. J Public Health. 2016;38(1):99-105.
  • Sahan S, Demirbilek Y, Sonmez C, Temel F, Sencan I. Epidemiological study of tetanus seropositivity levels in different age groups in Ankara province, Turkey, 2017. Jpn J Infect Dis. 2019;72(1):14-8.
  • Ergönül Ö, Sözen T, Tekeli E. Immunity to tetanus among adults in Turkey. Scand J Infect Dis. 2001;33(10):728-30.
  • Ozturk A, Gokahmetoglu S, Erdem F, Misguroglu Alkan S. Tetanus antitoxin levels among adults over 40 years of age in Central Anatolia, Turkey. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2003;9(1):33-8.
  • Symeonidis N, Symeonidis C, Souliou E, Houiazi E, Diza E, Symeonidis A, et al. Serological survey of immunity to tetanus in adult population of Northern Halkidiki, Greece. Eur J Epidemiol. 2003;18(12):1147-52.
  • Gergen PJ, McQuillan GM, Kiely M, Ezzati-Rice TM, Sutter RW, Virella G. A population-based serologic survey of immunity to tetanus in the United States. N Engl J Med. 1995;332(12):761-6.
  • McQuillan GM, Kruszon-Moran D, Deforest A, Chu SY, Wharton M. Serologic immunity to diphtheria and tetanus in the United States. Ann Intern Med. 2002;136(9):660-6.
  • Akyol G, Baysal B. Detection of antitoksin levels against tetanus in various groups of community. Mikrobiyol Bul. 1995;29(4):365-9.
  • Hayney MS, Love GD, Carlberg BM, Buck JM, Muller D. Tetanus seroprevalence among farmers: a preliminary study. J Rural Health. 2003;19(2):109-12.
  • Papila C, Felek S, Kalkan A, Akbulut A, Kilic SS. Tetanus antibody levels in the risk groups. Flora. 1998;3(4):235-9.
  • Ural O, Fındık D. Investigation of tetanus antitoxin levels in some age groups with indirect hemagglutination. Flora. 1996;1(1):31-5.
  • Aydın K, Koksal I, Volkan S, Çaylan R, Oksuz R, Kardes BA, et al. Evaluation of prognosis immunization and management of tetanus cases. Flora. 1996;1(1):66-9.
  • Schroder JP, Kuhlmann WD. Tetanus immunity in men and women in the Federal Republic of Germany. Immun Infekt. 1991;19(1):14-7.
  • Hosseini Shokouh SJ, Mohammadi B, Rajabi J, Mohammadian Roshan G. Immunity to diphtheria and tetanus in army personnel and adult civilians in Mashhad, Iran. Jpn J Infect Dis. 2017;70(2):132-5.

Investigation of Tetanus Antibody Levels in Adults

Year 2019, Volume: 21 Issue: 2, 98 - 102, 30.08.2019

İlknur Alkan Cihadiye Elif Öztürk Emel Çalışkan Nida Akar

https://doi.org/10.18678/dtfd.554274
Cited By: 2

Abstract

Aim: Tetanus is an acute and lethal disease caused by exotoxins named tetanospasmin produced by Clostridium tetani. Despite being vaccine-preventable, tetanus is still a toxic-infectious disease with high mortality. In this cross-sectional study, it is aimed to determine levels of tetanus anti-toxin IgG and factors affecting it in adults in the region.

Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with patients applied to the blood sampling laboratory unit of Düzce University Hospital. Tetanus anti-toxin IgG Enzyme-Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay kits (Catalog number: EI 2060-9601 G, Euroimmun, Germany) were used for detection of tetanus antibodies. Those with tetanus anti-toxin IgG >0.1 IU/ml were considered immunized. Socio-demographic information of participants were collected using a questionnaire during blood collection.

Results: Sufficient tetanus antibody was detected in 140 (39.3%) of 356 patients. Protective antibody ratios were found as 49 (70.0%) in 30-40 age group, 39 (54.9%) in 41-50 age group, 22 (31.0%) in 51-60 age group, 16 (22.2%) in 61-70 age group and 14 (19.4%) in >71 age group. Tetanus immunity ratios were significantly reduced with aging (p<0.001). Protective antibodies were found to be higher in the groups who had more education and who were vaccinated in adult ages for any reason than in the other groups (both p<0.001).

Conclusion: It was thought that the childhood immunity should be reinforced with the booster doses during adulthood by routine tetanus immunization program. In addition, the high level of tetanus immunity in those with high educational level has shown the importance of education.

Keywords

Adult vaccination tetanus tetanus anti-toxin IgG tetanus vaccine

References

  • Weisberg SS. Tetanus. Dis Mon. 2007;53(10):519-21.
  • Bleck TP. Clostridium tetani (Tetanus). In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R, editors. Principles and practice of infectious diseases. 6th ed. Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone; 2005. p.2817-22.
  • Pascual FB, McGinley EL, Zanardi LR, Cortese MM, Murphy TV. Tetanus Surveillance-United States, 1998-2000. MMWR Surveill Summ. 2003;52(3):1-8.
  • Kurtoglu D, Gozalan A, Coplu N, Miyamura K, Morita M, Esen B, et al. Community-based seroepidemiology of tetanus in three selected provinces in Turkey. Jpn J Infect Dis. 2004;57(1):10-6.
  • Tosun SY, Atman Ü, Kasırga E, İnceboz Ü. Is the booster vaccine for tetanus in older age necessary? Turk Mikrobiyol Cem Derg. 2003;33(2):148-52.
  • Gülcü S, Arslan S. Vaccine application on children: a current review. J DU Health Sci Inst. 2018;8(1):34-43.
  • Coplu N, Esen B, Gozalan A, Kurtoglu D, Ishid S, Miyamura K. Immunity against tetanus and effect of vaccination in Turkey. Scand J Infect Dis. 2006;38(11-12):1009-16.
  • Dundar V, Yumuk Z, Ozturk-Dundar D, Erdoğan S, Gacar G. Prevalence of tetanus immunity in the Kocaeli region, Turkey. Jpn J Infect Dis. 2005;58(5):279-82.
  • Kjeldsen K, Simonsen O, Heron I. Immunity against diphtheria and tetanus in the age group 30-70 years. Scand J Infect Dis. 1988;20(2):177-85.
  • Gidding HF, Bachause JL, Burgess MA, Gilbert GL. Immunity to diphtheria and tetanus in Australia: a national serosurvey. Med J Aust. 2005;183(6):301-4.
  • Rapisarda V, Bracci M, Nunnari G, Ferrante M, Ledda C. Tetanus immunity in construction workers in Italy. Occup Med. 2014;64(3):217-9.
  • Ang LW, James L, Goh KT. Prevalence of diphtheria and tetanus antibodies among adults in Singapore: a national serological study to identify most susceptible population groups. J Public Health. 2016;38(1):99-105.
  • Sahan S, Demirbilek Y, Sonmez C, Temel F, Sencan I. Epidemiological study of tetanus seropositivity levels in different age groups in Ankara province, Turkey, 2017. Jpn J Infect Dis. 2019;72(1):14-8.
  • Ergönül Ö, Sözen T, Tekeli E. Immunity to tetanus among adults in Turkey. Scand J Infect Dis. 2001;33(10):728-30.
  • Ozturk A, Gokahmetoglu S, Erdem F, Misguroglu Alkan S. Tetanus antitoxin levels among adults over 40 years of age in Central Anatolia, Turkey. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2003;9(1):33-8.
  • Symeonidis N, Symeonidis C, Souliou E, Houiazi E, Diza E, Symeonidis A, et al. Serological survey of immunity to tetanus in adult population of Northern Halkidiki, Greece. Eur J Epidemiol. 2003;18(12):1147-52.
  • Gergen PJ, McQuillan GM, Kiely M, Ezzati-Rice TM, Sutter RW, Virella G. A population-based serologic survey of immunity to tetanus in the United States. N Engl J Med. 1995;332(12):761-6.
  • McQuillan GM, Kruszon-Moran D, Deforest A, Chu SY, Wharton M. Serologic immunity to diphtheria and tetanus in the United States. Ann Intern Med. 2002;136(9):660-6.
  • Akyol G, Baysal B. Detection of antitoksin levels against tetanus in various groups of community. Mikrobiyol Bul. 1995;29(4):365-9.
  • Hayney MS, Love GD, Carlberg BM, Buck JM, Muller D. Tetanus seroprevalence among farmers: a preliminary study. J Rural Health. 2003;19(2):109-12.
  • Papila C, Felek S, Kalkan A, Akbulut A, Kilic SS. Tetanus antibody levels in the risk groups. Flora. 1998;3(4):235-9.
  • Ural O, Fındık D. Investigation of tetanus antitoxin levels in some age groups with indirect hemagglutination. Flora. 1996;1(1):31-5.
  • Aydın K, Koksal I, Volkan S, Çaylan R, Oksuz R, Kardes BA, et al. Evaluation of prognosis immunization and management of tetanus cases. Flora. 1996;1(1):66-9.
  • Schroder JP, Kuhlmann WD. Tetanus immunity in men and women in the Federal Republic of Germany. Immun Infekt. 1991;19(1):14-7.
  • Hosseini Shokouh SJ, Mohammadi B, Rajabi J, Mohammadian Roshan G. Immunity to diphtheria and tetanus in army personnel and adult civilians in Mashhad, Iran. Jpn J Infect Dis. 2017;70(2):132-5.
There are 25 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

İlknur Alkan This is me 0000-0002-4932-1361

Cihadiye Elif Öztürk 0000-0002-4330-2864

Emel Çalışkan 0000-0002-9451-7865

Nida Akar 0000-0001-6524-8224

Publication Date August 30, 2019
Submission Date April 16, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 21 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Alkan, İ., Öztürk, C. E., Çalışkan, E., Akar, N. (2019). Investigation of Tetanus Antibody Levels in Adults. Duzce Medical Journal, 21(2), 98-102. https://doi.org/10.18678/dtfd.554274
AMA Alkan İ, Öztürk CE, Çalışkan E, Akar N. Investigation of Tetanus Antibody Levels in Adults. Duzce Med J. August 2019;21(2):98-102. doi:10.18678/dtfd.554274
Chicago Alkan, İlknur, Cihadiye Elif Öztürk, Emel Çalışkan, and Nida Akar. “Investigation of Tetanus Antibody Levels in Adults”. Duzce Medical Journal 21, no. 2 (August 2019): 98-102. https://doi.org/10.18678/dtfd.554274.
EndNote Alkan İ, Öztürk CE, Çalışkan E, Akar N (August 1, 2019) Investigation of Tetanus Antibody Levels in Adults. Duzce Medical Journal 21 2 98–102.
IEEE İ. Alkan, C. E. Öztürk, E. Çalışkan, and N. Akar, “Investigation of Tetanus Antibody Levels in Adults”, Duzce Med J, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 98–102, 2019, doi: 10.18678/dtfd.554274.
ISNAD Alkan, İlknur et al. “Investigation of Tetanus Antibody Levels in Adults”. Duzce Medical Journal 21/2 (August 2019), 98-102. https://doi.org/10.18678/dtfd.554274.
JAMA Alkan İ, Öztürk CE, Çalışkan E, Akar N. Investigation of Tetanus Antibody Levels in Adults. Duzce Med J. 2019;21:98–102.
MLA Alkan, İlknur et al. “Investigation of Tetanus Antibody Levels in Adults”. Duzce Medical Journal, vol. 21, no. 2, 2019, pp. 98-102, doi:10.18678/dtfd.554274.
Vancouver Alkan İ, Öztürk CE, Çalışkan E, Akar N. Investigation of Tetanus Antibody Levels in Adults. Duzce Med J. 2019;21(2):98-102.

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