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Doğal Afetler sonrası Travma Sonrası Stres Bozukluğu: Bir Gözden Geçirme

Year 2023, Volume: 25 Issue: 2, 103 - 114, 30.08.2023
https://doi.org/10.18678/dtfd.1277673

Abstract

Son zamanların en önemli sorunları arasında değerlendirilen, tüm insanlığı etkileyen doğal afetler bir halk sağlığı sorunu haline gelmiştir. Afetlerin hem birey hem de toplum üzerinde sağlık, ekonomik, sosyal ve psikolojik olmak üzere farklı boyutlarda etkileri olmaktadır ve ciddi olumsuz sonuçlara ulaşabilmektedir. Her geçen yıl doğal afetlerden etkilenen birey sayısı da artmaktadır. Doğal afetlerin insan yaşamını ve beden sağlığını tehdit ettiği açık olmakla birlikte ruh sağlığı üzerindeki etkilerine çok az dikkat edilmiştir. Doğal afetler birçok yönden psikolojik iyi oluşumuzu tehdit etmekte hem kısa hem de uzun vadeli psikolojik sıkıntılara yol açabilmekte ve önemli bir psikolojik yük oluşturabilmektedir. Travma sonrası stres bozukluğu (TSSB) ciddi bir tehdit veya fiziksel yaralanma, ölüme yakın bir deneyim, savaşla ilgili travma, cinsel saldırı, kişilerarası çatışmalar, çocuk istismarı veya tıbbi bir hastalığın sonucu olarak ortaya çıkan bir sendromdur. Literatür kapsamlı olarak incelendiğinde doğal afetler sonrası TSSB görülme oranının oldukça fazla olduğu saptanmıştır. Doğal afet sonrası TSSB nedenleri arasında travmanın doğası, şiddeti, bireyin yakınını ve/veya mülkünü kaybetmesi, zayıf baş etme becerisi, yerinden edilmesi ve doğrudan afete maruz kalması gibi faktörler sayılabilir. Araştırmalar hem farmakolojik olmayan hem de farmakolojik tedavinin TSSB üzerinde etkili olduğunu göstermiştir.

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Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder After Natural Disasters: A Review

Year 2023, Volume: 25 Issue: 2, 103 - 114, 30.08.2023
https://doi.org/10.18678/dtfd.1277673

Abstract

Natural disasters, which are considered as one of the most important problems of recent times, affecting all humanity, have become a public health problem. Disasters have effects on both individuals and society in different dimensions, including health, economic, social, and psychological, and can have serious negative consequences. The number of individuals affected by natural disasters is increasing every year. While it is clear that natural disasters threaten human life and bodily health, little attention has been paid to their effects on mental health. Natural disasters threaten our psychological well-being in many ways, cause both short-term and long-term psychological distress and create a significant psychological burden. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a syndrome that occurs as a result of a serious threat or physical injury, a near-death experience, war-related trauma, sexual assault, interpersonal conflicts, child abuse, or a medical illness. When the literature is examined comprehensively, it has been determined that the incidence of PTSD after natural disasters is quite high. Causes of post-disaster PTSD include the nature of the trauma, its severity, loss of relatives and/or property, poor coping skills, displacement, and direct exposure to disaster. Studies have shown that both non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatments are effective on PTSD.

References

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  • American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 5th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 2013.
  • Friedman MJ. Finalizing PTSD in DSM‐5: Getting here from there and where to go next. J Trauma Stress. 2013;26(5):548-56.
  • Crocq MA, Crocq L. From shell shock and war neurosis to posttraumatic stress disorder: a history of psychotraumatology. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2000;2(1):47-55.
  • Özen Y. Psychological traumen is the old history of mankind. J Soc Sci. 2017;1(2):104-17. Turkish.
  • Gasquoine PG. Railway spine: The advent of compensation for concussive symptoms. J Hist Neurosci. 2020;29(2):234-45.
  • DiMauro J, Carter S, Folk JB, Kashdan TB. A historical review of trauma-related diagnoses to reconsider the heterogeneity of PTSD. J Anxiety Disord. 2014;28(8):774-86.
  • Jones E, Wessely S. A paradigm shift in the conceptualization of psychological trauma in the 20th century. J Anxiety Disord. 2007;21(2):164-75.
  • Spitzer RL, First MB, Wakefield JC. Saving PTSD from itself in DSM-V. J Anxiety Disord. 2007;21(2):233-41.
  • Archibald HC, Long DM, Miller C, Tuddenham RD. Gross stress reaction in combat--a 15 year follow-up. Am J Psychiatry. 1962;119(4):317-22.
  • Bovin MJ, Marx BP, Weathers FW, Gallagher MW, Rodriguez P, Schnurr PP, et al. Psychometric properties of the PTSD checklist for diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders-fifth edition (PCL-5) in veterans. Psychol Assess. 2016;28(11):1379-91.
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  • Karaman ZT. Introduction to disaster management and organization in Türkiye. In: Karaman ZT, Altay A, editors. Integrated Disaster Management. İzmir, Türkiye: İlkem Matbaacılık; 2017. p.1-36. Turkish.
  • Yeo J, Comfort LK. An expected event, but unprecedented damage: Structure and gaps of large-scale response coordination of the 2011 Thailand floods. Disaster Prev Manag. 2017;26(4):458-70.
  • Agyapong B, Shalaby R, Eboreime E, Obuobi-Donkor G, Owusu E, Adu MK, et al. Cumulative trauma from multiple natural disasters increases mental health burden on residents of Fort McMurray. Eur J Psychotraumatol. 2022;13(1):2059999.
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There are 106 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Clinical Sciences
Journal Section Invited Review
Authors

Doğancan Sönmez 0000-0003-0937-8264

Cicek Hocaoglu 0000-0001-6613-4317

Early Pub Date May 1, 2023
Publication Date August 30, 2023
Submission Date February 28, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 25 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Sönmez, D., & Hocaoglu, C. (2023). Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder After Natural Disasters: A Review. Duzce Medical Journal, 25(2), 103-114. https://doi.org/10.18678/dtfd.1277673
AMA Sönmez D, Hocaoglu C. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder After Natural Disasters: A Review. Duzce Med J. August 2023;25(2):103-114. doi:10.18678/dtfd.1277673
Chicago Sönmez, Doğancan, and Cicek Hocaoglu. “Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder After Natural Disasters: A Review”. Duzce Medical Journal 25, no. 2 (August 2023): 103-14. https://doi.org/10.18678/dtfd.1277673.
EndNote Sönmez D, Hocaoglu C (August 1, 2023) Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder After Natural Disasters: A Review. Duzce Medical Journal 25 2 103–114.
IEEE D. Sönmez and C. Hocaoglu, “Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder After Natural Disasters: A Review”, Duzce Med J, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 103–114, 2023, doi: 10.18678/dtfd.1277673.
ISNAD Sönmez, Doğancan - Hocaoglu, Cicek. “Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder After Natural Disasters: A Review”. Duzce Medical Journal 25/2 (August 2023), 103-114. https://doi.org/10.18678/dtfd.1277673.
JAMA Sönmez D, Hocaoglu C. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder After Natural Disasters: A Review. Duzce Med J. 2023;25:103–114.
MLA Sönmez, Doğancan and Cicek Hocaoglu. “Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder After Natural Disasters: A Review”. Duzce Medical Journal, vol. 25, no. 2, 2023, pp. 103-14, doi:10.18678/dtfd.1277673.
Vancouver Sönmez D, Hocaoglu C. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder After Natural Disasters: A Review. Duzce Med J. 2023;25(2):103-14.