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Six Sigma Concept According to Science Mapping Techniques

Year 2021, Volume: 11 Issue: 1, 58 - 75, 30.07.2021

Abstract

Abstract Aim: The aim of this study is to examine the Six Sigma subject according to science mapping techniques. Method: According to the results of the search made in Web of Science and Scopus databases, the data of 428 and 1248 articles were analyzed. After extracting common articles in both databases, 1079 articles remained. The data were analyzed by two software (VOSviewer and CiteSpace). Data were analyzed using word mining analysis, common word analysis, joint citation analysis and citation burst analysis. Result: According to the word mining analysis, four clusters were determined as "6 Sigma in Management", "6 Sigma in Patient and Employee Safety", "6 Sigma in Production Process Components" and "Academic Development Process of 6 Sigma". Conclusion: This study can be considered as an important resource for researchers and decision makers pointing to the current areas of 6 sigma application and examining research trends. Keywords: Six Sigma; scientific mapping; co-citation; bibliometric analysis

References

  • Akçay, N. (2011). Satın Alma Yönetiminde Altı Sigma Yaklaşımı. İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi / Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 257.
  • Albliwi, S., Antony, J., Lim, S., & van der Wiele, T. (2014). Critical failure factors of lean Six Sigma: A systematic literature review. International Journal of Quality and Reliability Management, 31(9), 1012–1030. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJQRM-09-2013-0147
  • Albliwi, S. A., Antony, J., & Lim, S. (2015). A systematic review of Lean Six Sigma for the manufacturing industry. Business Process Management Journal, 21(3), 665–691. https://doi.org/10.1108/BPMJ-03-2014-0019
  • Antony, Banuelas, & Ricardo (2002). Key ingredients for the effective implementation of Six Sigma program. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1108/13683040210451679
  • Antony, J. (2004). Six Sigma in the UK service organisations: Results from a pilot survey. Managerial Auditing Journal, 19(8), 1006–1013. https://doi.org/10.1108/02686900410557908
  • Antony, J. (2006). Six sigma for service processes. Business Process Management Journal, 12(2), 234–248. https://doi.org/10.1108/14637150610657558
  • Antony, J. (2011). Six Sigma vs Lean: Some perspectives from leading academics and practitioners. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 60(2), 185–190. https://doi.org/10.1108/17410401111101494
  • Antony, J., Antony, F. J., Kumar, M., & Cho, B. R. (2007). Six sigma in service organisations: Benefits, challenges and difficulties, common myths, empirical observations and success factors. International Journal of Quality and Reliability Management, 24(3), 294–311. https://doi.org/10.1108/02656710710730889
  • Antony, J., & Desai, D. A. (2009). Assessing the status of six sigma implementation in the Indian industry: Results from an exploratory empirical study. Management Research News, 32(5), 413–423. https://doi.org/10.1108/01409170910952921
  • Antony, J., & Fergusson, C. (2004). Six Sigma in the software industry: Results from a pilot study. Managerial Auditing Journal, 19(8), 1025–1032. https://doi.org/10.1108/02686900410557926
  • Antony, J., Kumar, M., & Madu, C. N. (2005). Six sigma in small- and medium-sized UK manufacturing enterprises: Some empirical observations. International Journal of Quality and Reliability Management, 22(8), 860–874. https://doi.org/10.1108/02656710510617265
  • Antony, J., Manville, G., Greatbanks, R., Krishnasamy, R., & Parker, D. W. (2012). Critical success factors for Lean Six Sigma programmes: A view from middle management. International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, 29(1), 7–20. https://doi.org/10.1108/02656711211190846
  • Arnheiter, E. D., & Maleyeff, J. (2005). The integration of lean management and Six Sigma. The TQM Magazine, 17(1), 5–18. https://doi.org/10.1108/09544780510573020
  • Brun, A. (2011). Critical success factors of Six Sigma implementations in Italian companies. International Journal of Production Economics, 131(1), 158–164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2010.05.008
  • Byrne, G., Lubowe, D., & Blitz, A. (2007). Using a Lean Six Sigma approach to drive innovation. Strategy & Leadership, 35(2), 5–10. https://doi.org/10.1108/10878570710734480
  • Chakravorty, S. S. (2009). Six Sigma programs: An implementation model. International Journal of Production Economics, 119(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2009.01.003
  • Chassin, M. R. (1998a). Is health care ready for Six Sigma quality? The Milbank Quarterly, 76(4), 565-91, 510. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0009.00106
  • Chassin, M. R. (1998b). Is Health Care Ready for Six Sigma Quality? Milbank Quarterly, 76(4), 565–591. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0009.00106
  • Cherrafi, A., Elfezazi, S., Govindan, K., Garza-Reyes, J. A., Benhida, K., & Mokhlis, A. (2017). A framework for the integration of Green and Lean Six Sigma for superior sustainability performance. International Journal of Production Research, 55(15), 4481–4515. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2016.1266406
  • Chiarini, A., Cherrafi, A., Elfezazi, S., Mokhlis, A., & Benhida, K. (2016). The integration of lean manufacturing, Six Sigma and sustainability: A literature review and future research directions for developing a specific model. Journal of Cleaner Production, 139, 828–846. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.08.101
  • Cima, R. R., Brown, M. J., Hebl, J. R., Moore, R., Rogers, J. C., Kollengode, A., Amstutz, G. J., Weisbrod, C. A., Narr, B. J., & Deschamps, C. (2011). Use of lean and six sigma methodology to improve operating room efficiency in a high-volume tertiary-care academic medical center. Journal of the American College of Surgeons, 213(1), 83–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2011.02.009
  • Delsanter, J. (1992). Six sigma. Managing Service Quality: An International Journal, 2(4), 203–206. https://doi.org/10.1108/09604529210029353
  • Garza-Reyes, J. A. (2015). Green lean and the need for Six Sigma. International Journal of Lean Six Sigma, 6(3), 226–248. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJLSS-04-2014-0010
  • Grosu, V., Hrubliak, O., Anisie, L., & Ratsa, A. (2019). Managerial accounting solutions: Lean Six Sigma application in the woodworking industry. A Practical aspect. Economic Annals-XXI, 176(3-4), 118–130. https://doi.org/10.21003/ea.V176-12
  • Hammer, M. (2002). Process management and the future of six sigma. MIT Sloan Management Review, 43(2), 26–32. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0010323059&partnerID=40&md5=ec3b74bd2f77fe4fbbe47f9918539705
  • Henderson, K. M., & Evans, J. R. (2000). Successful implementation of Six Sigma: benchmarking General Electric Company. Benchmarking: An International Journal, 7(4), 260–282. https://doi.org/10.1108/14635770010378909
  • Hoerl, R. W. (1998). Six sigma and the future of the quality profession. Quality Progress, 31(6), 35, 38, 40-42. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0032095617&partnerID=40&md5=743234a869f9c70c6764a879c5b180e8
  • Jeyaraman, K., & Teo, L. K. (2010). A conceptual framework for critical success factors of lean Six Sigma: Implementation on the performance of electronic manufacturing service industry. International Journal of Lean Six Sigma, 1(3), 191–215. https://doi.org/10.1108/20401461011075008
  • Kovach, J. V., & Ingle, D. (2019). Using Lean Six Sigma to Reduce Patient Cycle Time in a Nonprofit Community Clinic. Quality Management in Health Care, 28(3), 169–175. https://doi.org/10.1097/QMH.0000000000000215
  • Kumar, S., Luthra, S., Govindan, K., Kumar, N., & Haleem, A. (2016). Barriers in green lean six sigma product development process: An ISM approach. Production Planning and Control, 27(7-8), 604–620. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537287.2016.1165307
  • Kumar, U. D., Nowicki, D., Ramírez-Márquez, J. E., & Verma, D. (2008). On the optimal selection of process alternatives in a Six Sigma implementation. International Journal of Production Economics, 111(2), 456–467. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2007.02.002
  • Kwak, Y. H., & Anbari, F. T. (2006). Benefits, obstacles, and future of six sigma approach. Technovation, 26(5-6), 708–715. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2004.10.003
  • Linderman, K [K.], Schroeder, R. G., Zaheer, S., & Choo, A. S [A. S.] (2003). Six Sigma: A goal-theoretic perspective. Journal of Operations Management, 21(2), 193–203. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-6963(02)00087-6
  • Liu, Lu, & Peh (2019). A Review and Scientometric Analysis of Global Building Information Modeling (BIM) Research in the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) Industry. Buildings, 9(10), 210. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings9100210
  • Mast, J. de, & Lokkerbol, J. (2012). An analysis of the Six Sigma DMAIC method from the perspective of problem solving. International Journal of Production Economics, 139(2), 604–614. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2012.05.035
  • McAdam, R., & Lafferty, B. (2004). A multilevel case study critique of six sigma: Statistical control or strategic change? International Journal of Operations and Production Management, 24(5-6), 530–549. https://doi.org/10.1108/01443570410532579
  • Nakhai, B., & Neves, J. S. (2009). The challenges of six sigma in improving service quality. International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, 26(7), 663–684. https://doi.org/10.1108/02656710910975741
  • Nave, D. (2002). How to compare six sigma, lean and the theory of constraints. Quality Progress, 35(3), 73–78. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036492249&partnerID=40&md5=4bf41a2b62f7430256c2f0cbccac114c
  • Nonthaleerak, P., & Hendry, L. (2008). Exploring the six sigma phenomenon using multiple case study evidence. International Journal of Operations and Production Management, 28(3), 279–303. https://doi.org/10.1108/01443570810856198
  • Özveri ve Çakır (2012). Yalın Altı Sigma ve Bir Uygulama. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi, İİBF Dergisi.
  • Polanski, W. H., Klingelhoefer, L., Zolal, A., Guenther, S., Klein, J., Schackert, G., Reichmann, H., & Sobottka, S. B. (2019). Clinical Validation of Quality Improvements Using the Six Sigma Concept: A Case Study for Deep Brain Stimulation in Parkinson's Disease. Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, 97(3), 195–201. https://doi.org/10.1159/000502654
  • Prajapati, D., & Suman, G. (2019). Six sigma approach for neonatal jaundice patients in an Indian rural hospital – a case study. International Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance, 33(1), 36–51. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJHCQA-07-2019-0135
  • Proudlove, N., Moxham, C., & Boaden, R. (2008). Lessons for lean in healthcare from using six sigma in the NHS. Public Money and Management, 28(1), 27–34. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9302.2008.00615.x
  • Qiu, J., Zhao, R., Yang, S., & Dong, K. (2017). Informetrics: Theory, methods and applications. Springer.
  • Rani, D., Shalini, D., & Arun Mavaji, S. (2019). Re-engineering of discharge process with emphasis on sustainability: A six sigma approach. Indian Journal of Public Health Research and Development, 10(11), 81–85. https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-5506.2019.03428.4
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BİLİM HARİTALAMA TEKNİKLERİNE GÖRE ALTI SİGMA KAVRAMI

Year 2021, Volume: 11 Issue: 1, 58 - 75, 30.07.2021

Abstract

ÖZET Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, bilim haritalama tekniklerine göre, Altı Sigma konusunu incelemektir. Yöntem: Web of Science ve Scopus veri tabanlarında yapılan arama sonuçlarına göre 428 ve 1248 makalenin verileri analiz edilmiştir. Her iki veri tabanında ortak olan makaleler ayıklandıktan sonra 1079 makale kalmıştır. Veriler iki yazılım (VOSviewer ve CiteSpace) ile analiz edilmiştir. Kelime madenciliği analizi, ortak kelime analizi, ortak atıf analizi ve atıf patlamaları analizi ile veriler incelenmiştir. Bulgular: Kelime madenciliği analizine göre, “Yönetimde 6 Sigma”, “Hasta ve Çalışan Güvenliğinde 6 Sigma”, “Üretim Süreci Bileşenlerinde 6 Sigma” ve “6 Sigmanın Akademik Gelişim Süreci” başlıklı dört küme tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç: Bu çalışma, araştırmacılar ve karar vericiler için 6 sigma uygulamalarının güncel alanlarına işaret eden ve araştırma eğilimlerini inceleyen önemli bir kaynak olarak değerlendirilebilir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Altı Sigma; bilimsel haritalama; ortak atıf; bibliyometrik analiz

References

  • Akçay, N. (2011). Satın Alma Yönetiminde Altı Sigma Yaklaşımı. İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi / Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 257.
  • Albliwi, S., Antony, J., Lim, S., & van der Wiele, T. (2014). Critical failure factors of lean Six Sigma: A systematic literature review. International Journal of Quality and Reliability Management, 31(9), 1012–1030. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJQRM-09-2013-0147
  • Albliwi, S. A., Antony, J., & Lim, S. (2015). A systematic review of Lean Six Sigma for the manufacturing industry. Business Process Management Journal, 21(3), 665–691. https://doi.org/10.1108/BPMJ-03-2014-0019
  • Antony, Banuelas, & Ricardo (2002). Key ingredients for the effective implementation of Six Sigma program. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1108/13683040210451679
  • Antony, J. (2004). Six Sigma in the UK service organisations: Results from a pilot survey. Managerial Auditing Journal, 19(8), 1006–1013. https://doi.org/10.1108/02686900410557908
  • Antony, J. (2006). Six sigma for service processes. Business Process Management Journal, 12(2), 234–248. https://doi.org/10.1108/14637150610657558
  • Antony, J. (2011). Six Sigma vs Lean: Some perspectives from leading academics and practitioners. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 60(2), 185–190. https://doi.org/10.1108/17410401111101494
  • Antony, J., Antony, F. J., Kumar, M., & Cho, B. R. (2007). Six sigma in service organisations: Benefits, challenges and difficulties, common myths, empirical observations and success factors. International Journal of Quality and Reliability Management, 24(3), 294–311. https://doi.org/10.1108/02656710710730889
  • Antony, J., & Desai, D. A. (2009). Assessing the status of six sigma implementation in the Indian industry: Results from an exploratory empirical study. Management Research News, 32(5), 413–423. https://doi.org/10.1108/01409170910952921
  • Antony, J., & Fergusson, C. (2004). Six Sigma in the software industry: Results from a pilot study. Managerial Auditing Journal, 19(8), 1025–1032. https://doi.org/10.1108/02686900410557926
  • Antony, J., Kumar, M., & Madu, C. N. (2005). Six sigma in small- and medium-sized UK manufacturing enterprises: Some empirical observations. International Journal of Quality and Reliability Management, 22(8), 860–874. https://doi.org/10.1108/02656710510617265
  • Antony, J., Manville, G., Greatbanks, R., Krishnasamy, R., & Parker, D. W. (2012). Critical success factors for Lean Six Sigma programmes: A view from middle management. International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, 29(1), 7–20. https://doi.org/10.1108/02656711211190846
  • Arnheiter, E. D., & Maleyeff, J. (2005). The integration of lean management and Six Sigma. The TQM Magazine, 17(1), 5–18. https://doi.org/10.1108/09544780510573020
  • Brun, A. (2011). Critical success factors of Six Sigma implementations in Italian companies. International Journal of Production Economics, 131(1), 158–164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2010.05.008
  • Byrne, G., Lubowe, D., & Blitz, A. (2007). Using a Lean Six Sigma approach to drive innovation. Strategy & Leadership, 35(2), 5–10. https://doi.org/10.1108/10878570710734480
  • Chakravorty, S. S. (2009). Six Sigma programs: An implementation model. International Journal of Production Economics, 119(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2009.01.003
  • Chassin, M. R. (1998a). Is health care ready for Six Sigma quality? The Milbank Quarterly, 76(4), 565-91, 510. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0009.00106
  • Chassin, M. R. (1998b). Is Health Care Ready for Six Sigma Quality? Milbank Quarterly, 76(4), 565–591. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0009.00106
  • Cherrafi, A., Elfezazi, S., Govindan, K., Garza-Reyes, J. A., Benhida, K., & Mokhlis, A. (2017). A framework for the integration of Green and Lean Six Sigma for superior sustainability performance. International Journal of Production Research, 55(15), 4481–4515. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2016.1266406
  • Chiarini, A., Cherrafi, A., Elfezazi, S., Mokhlis, A., & Benhida, K. (2016). The integration of lean manufacturing, Six Sigma and sustainability: A literature review and future research directions for developing a specific model. Journal of Cleaner Production, 139, 828–846. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.08.101
  • Cima, R. R., Brown, M. J., Hebl, J. R., Moore, R., Rogers, J. C., Kollengode, A., Amstutz, G. J., Weisbrod, C. A., Narr, B. J., & Deschamps, C. (2011). Use of lean and six sigma methodology to improve operating room efficiency in a high-volume tertiary-care academic medical center. Journal of the American College of Surgeons, 213(1), 83–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2011.02.009
  • Delsanter, J. (1992). Six sigma. Managing Service Quality: An International Journal, 2(4), 203–206. https://doi.org/10.1108/09604529210029353
  • Garza-Reyes, J. A. (2015). Green lean and the need for Six Sigma. International Journal of Lean Six Sigma, 6(3), 226–248. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJLSS-04-2014-0010
  • Grosu, V., Hrubliak, O., Anisie, L., & Ratsa, A. (2019). Managerial accounting solutions: Lean Six Sigma application in the woodworking industry. A Practical aspect. Economic Annals-XXI, 176(3-4), 118–130. https://doi.org/10.21003/ea.V176-12
  • Hammer, M. (2002). Process management and the future of six sigma. MIT Sloan Management Review, 43(2), 26–32. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0010323059&partnerID=40&md5=ec3b74bd2f77fe4fbbe47f9918539705
  • Henderson, K. M., & Evans, J. R. (2000). Successful implementation of Six Sigma: benchmarking General Electric Company. Benchmarking: An International Journal, 7(4), 260–282. https://doi.org/10.1108/14635770010378909
  • Hoerl, R. W. (1998). Six sigma and the future of the quality profession. Quality Progress, 31(6), 35, 38, 40-42. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0032095617&partnerID=40&md5=743234a869f9c70c6764a879c5b180e8
  • Jeyaraman, K., & Teo, L. K. (2010). A conceptual framework for critical success factors of lean Six Sigma: Implementation on the performance of electronic manufacturing service industry. International Journal of Lean Six Sigma, 1(3), 191–215. https://doi.org/10.1108/20401461011075008
  • Kovach, J. V., & Ingle, D. (2019). Using Lean Six Sigma to Reduce Patient Cycle Time in a Nonprofit Community Clinic. Quality Management in Health Care, 28(3), 169–175. https://doi.org/10.1097/QMH.0000000000000215
  • Kumar, S., Luthra, S., Govindan, K., Kumar, N., & Haleem, A. (2016). Barriers in green lean six sigma product development process: An ISM approach. Production Planning and Control, 27(7-8), 604–620. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537287.2016.1165307
  • Kumar, U. D., Nowicki, D., Ramírez-Márquez, J. E., & Verma, D. (2008). On the optimal selection of process alternatives in a Six Sigma implementation. International Journal of Production Economics, 111(2), 456–467. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2007.02.002
  • Kwak, Y. H., & Anbari, F. T. (2006). Benefits, obstacles, and future of six sigma approach. Technovation, 26(5-6), 708–715. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2004.10.003
  • Linderman, K [K.], Schroeder, R. G., Zaheer, S., & Choo, A. S [A. S.] (2003). Six Sigma: A goal-theoretic perspective. Journal of Operations Management, 21(2), 193–203. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-6963(02)00087-6
  • Liu, Lu, & Peh (2019). A Review and Scientometric Analysis of Global Building Information Modeling (BIM) Research in the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) Industry. Buildings, 9(10), 210. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings9100210
  • Mast, J. de, & Lokkerbol, J. (2012). An analysis of the Six Sigma DMAIC method from the perspective of problem solving. International Journal of Production Economics, 139(2), 604–614. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2012.05.035
  • McAdam, R., & Lafferty, B. (2004). A multilevel case study critique of six sigma: Statistical control or strategic change? International Journal of Operations and Production Management, 24(5-6), 530–549. https://doi.org/10.1108/01443570410532579
  • Nakhai, B., & Neves, J. S. (2009). The challenges of six sigma in improving service quality. International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, 26(7), 663–684. https://doi.org/10.1108/02656710910975741
  • Nave, D. (2002). How to compare six sigma, lean and the theory of constraints. Quality Progress, 35(3), 73–78. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036492249&partnerID=40&md5=4bf41a2b62f7430256c2f0cbccac114c
  • Nonthaleerak, P., & Hendry, L. (2008). Exploring the six sigma phenomenon using multiple case study evidence. International Journal of Operations and Production Management, 28(3), 279–303. https://doi.org/10.1108/01443570810856198
  • Özveri ve Çakır (2012). Yalın Altı Sigma ve Bir Uygulama. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi, İİBF Dergisi.
  • Polanski, W. H., Klingelhoefer, L., Zolal, A., Guenther, S., Klein, J., Schackert, G., Reichmann, H., & Sobottka, S. B. (2019). Clinical Validation of Quality Improvements Using the Six Sigma Concept: A Case Study for Deep Brain Stimulation in Parkinson's Disease. Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, 97(3), 195–201. https://doi.org/10.1159/000502654
  • Prajapati, D., & Suman, G. (2019). Six sigma approach for neonatal jaundice patients in an Indian rural hospital – a case study. International Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance, 33(1), 36–51. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJHCQA-07-2019-0135
  • Proudlove, N., Moxham, C., & Boaden, R. (2008). Lessons for lean in healthcare from using six sigma in the NHS. Public Money and Management, 28(1), 27–34. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9302.2008.00615.x
  • Qiu, J., Zhao, R., Yang, S., & Dong, K. (2017). Informetrics: Theory, methods and applications. Springer.
  • Rani, D., Shalini, D., & Arun Mavaji, S. (2019). Re-engineering of discharge process with emphasis on sustainability: A six sigma approach. Indian Journal of Public Health Research and Development, 10(11), 81–85. https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-5506.2019.03428.4
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There are 55 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Muhammet Cinoğlu 0000-0003-3924-2931

Mehmet Nurullah Kurutkan 0000-0002-3740-4231

Publication Date July 30, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 11 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Cinoğlu, M., & Kurutkan, M. N. (2021). BİLİM HARİTALAMA TEKNİKLERİNE GÖRE ALTI SİGMA KAVRAMI. Düzce Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 11(1), 58-75.