Evaluation of Styloid Process Length and Calcification Degrees of Renal Transplant Patients with Panoramic Radiographs
Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the styloid process length and calcification degrees of renal-transplant patients and compare them with the healthy control group.
Materials & Methods: Panoramic radiographs of 93 patients who had renal transplantation and 93 healthy patients were reviewed retrospectively. Length measurements were made from the apex to the base of the styloid process with a line following the profile. The elongation degrees were classified into five groups as normal (type 0), elongated (Type 1), pseudo-segmented (Type 2), segmented (Type 3) and non-continuous (Type 4). Calcification degrees were classified into four different groups as external (Type A), partial (Type B), nodular (Type C) and complete calcification (Type D).
Results: The study and control groups were matched for age and gender. Styloid process length was found to be significantly higher in male than in female (p<0.001). The extent of elongation and calcification did not differ in terms of gender. The mean styloid process length values were found to be significantly higher in the study group compared to the control group (p<0.001). There was a significant difference between the groups in terms of elongation degrees (p<0.001). For elongation types, while the majority of the study group was type 1, type 0 was observed more in the control group. No difference was observed between the groups in terms of the calcification degrees (p=0.076).
Conclusion: Changes in phosphate balance and parathyroid hormone levels, possibly due to hemodialysis treatment in renal transplant patients, may have led to styloid process elongation.
References
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- 2. Uludag M. Kronik Böbrek Hastalikli Hastalarda Sekonder Hiperparatiroidizm: Tani, Medikal ve Cerrahi Tedavi. Şişli Etfal Hastanesi Tıp Bülteni, 2016, 50.4: 256.
- 3. Henriques JCG, Castilho JCM, Jacobs R, Amorim JBOM, Rosa RRR, et al. Severe secondary hyperparathyroidism and panoramic radiography parameters. Clin Oral Investig. 2014, 18.3: 941-948.
- 4. Swapna LA, AlMegbil NT, Almutlaq AO, Koppolu P. Occurrence of the Elongated Styloid Process on Digital Panoramic Radiographs in the Riyadh Population. Radiol Res Pract. 2021, 2021.
- 5. Reddy RS, Kiran CS, Madhavi NS, Raghavendra MN, Satish A. Prevalence of elongation and calcification patterns of elongated styloid process in south India. J Clin Exp Dent. 2013, 5.1: e30.
- 6. de Andrade KM, Rodrigues CA, Watanabe PCA, Marcelo OM. Styloid process elongation and calcification in subjects with tmd: clinical and radiographic aspects. Braz Dent J. 2012, 23: 443-450.
- 7. Sisman Y, Gokce C, Sipahioglu M. Bilateral elongated styloid process in an end-stage renal disease patient with peritoneal dialysis: is there any role for ectopic calcification?. Eur J Dent. 2009, 3.02: 155-157.
- 8. Nogueira-Reis F, Reis LO, Fontenele RC, Freitas DQ, Tabchoury. Prevalence and features of elongated styloid process on imaging studies: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Oral Investig. 2021, 1-17.
- 9. Contantinides F, Flora FD, Tonni I, Bodin C, Bazzocchi G, Artero ML, et al. Elongation of the styloid processes in kidney-transplanted patients: The role of ectopic calcification as possible cause of Eagle syndrome. Cranio. 2021, 39.4: 321-325.
- 10. Okabe S, Morimoto Y, Ansai T ,Yamada K, Tanaka T, Awano S, et al. Clinical significance and variation of the advanced calcified stylohyoid complex detected by panoramic radiographs among 80-year-old subjects. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2006;35:191-199.
- 11. Rivelli GG, de Lima ML, Mazzali M. Safety and Efficacy of a 3-Year Therapy With Cinacalcet in Persistent Hyperparathyroidism After Renal Transplant. Transplant Proc. 2020. p. 1284-1286.
Abstract
References
- 1. Posselt J, Harbeck B, Rahvar AH, Kropp P, Haas CS. Improved cognitive function after kidney transplantation compared to hemodialysis. Ther Apher Dial. 2021, 25.6: 931-938.
- 2. Uludag M. Kronik Böbrek Hastalikli Hastalarda Sekonder Hiperparatiroidizm: Tani, Medikal ve Cerrahi Tedavi. Şişli Etfal Hastanesi Tıp Bülteni, 2016, 50.4: 256.
- 3. Henriques JCG, Castilho JCM, Jacobs R, Amorim JBOM, Rosa RRR, et al. Severe secondary hyperparathyroidism and panoramic radiography parameters. Clin Oral Investig. 2014, 18.3: 941-948.
- 4. Swapna LA, AlMegbil NT, Almutlaq AO, Koppolu P. Occurrence of the Elongated Styloid Process on Digital Panoramic Radiographs in the Riyadh Population. Radiol Res Pract. 2021, 2021.
- 5. Reddy RS, Kiran CS, Madhavi NS, Raghavendra MN, Satish A. Prevalence of elongation and calcification patterns of elongated styloid process in south India. J Clin Exp Dent. 2013, 5.1: e30.
- 6. de Andrade KM, Rodrigues CA, Watanabe PCA, Marcelo OM. Styloid process elongation and calcification in subjects with tmd: clinical and radiographic aspects. Braz Dent J. 2012, 23: 443-450.
- 7. Sisman Y, Gokce C, Sipahioglu M. Bilateral elongated styloid process in an end-stage renal disease patient with peritoneal dialysis: is there any role for ectopic calcification?. Eur J Dent. 2009, 3.02: 155-157.
- 8. Nogueira-Reis F, Reis LO, Fontenele RC, Freitas DQ, Tabchoury. Prevalence and features of elongated styloid process on imaging studies: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Oral Investig. 2021, 1-17.
- 9. Contantinides F, Flora FD, Tonni I, Bodin C, Bazzocchi G, Artero ML, et al. Elongation of the styloid processes in kidney-transplanted patients: The role of ectopic calcification as possible cause of Eagle syndrome. Cranio. 2021, 39.4: 321-325.
- 10. Okabe S, Morimoto Y, Ansai T ,Yamada K, Tanaka T, Awano S, et al. Clinical significance and variation of the advanced calcified stylohyoid complex detected by panoramic radiographs among 80-year-old subjects. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2006;35:191-199.
- 11. Rivelli GG, de Lima ML, Mazzali M. Safety and Efficacy of a 3-Year Therapy With Cinacalcet in Persistent Hyperparathyroidism After Renal Transplant. Transplant Proc. 2020. p. 1284-1286.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Dentistry |
| Journal Section | Conference Papers |
| Authors | |
| Early Pub Date | November 9, 2023 |
| Publication Date | December 6, 2023 |
| Submission Date | October 12, 2022 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2023 Volume: 50 Issue: Suppl 1 |
