Research Article
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Evaluation of the relationship between the tendency to aggression and visual and auditory reaction time, mental rotation and body structure in university students

Year 2023, Volume: 13 Issue: 1, 1 - 14, 25.09.2023

İsmail Can Pelin Berkan Kozan Uğur Toprak Meryem Korkmaz Taylan Gül Beyazıt Kayaoğlu Jerfi Cider Egemen Doğan Feyzanur Beyazlı

Abstract

The aim of the study is to examine the relationship between the results to be obtained from the Buss Perry Aggression Scale and the reaction time, visuo-spatial skill, body mass index, fat percentage and muscle mass among individuals. Our study was carried out with the voluntary participation of 84 male and female students at Baskent University. As the total aggression and verbal aggression scores of all participants increased, the number of correct answers in the mental rotation test increased. On the other hand, the auditory reaction (random interval) times of individuals who have high hostility scores decrease and they responded more quickly. It was determined that as the percentage of muscle increased in female, the correct numbers in the mental rotation test increased, but as the fat percentage increased, the correct numbers decreased. In female, as the percentage of muscle increases, their response times to choice visual reaction times accelerate, and as the percentage of fat increases, their responses slow down. The fact that participants with high muscle percentage and low fat percentage were more successful in the mental rotation test suggests that directing individuals to sports can improve their visuo-spatial abilities. It suggests that individuals with a high body mass index or fat percentage may have slower responses to the auditory and visual reaction test, resulting in them being slower or unsuccessful in daily activities, alertness, or in activities such as sports competitions.

Keywords

aggression visuo-spatial ability reaction time fat percentage body mass index

Project Number

KA22/140

References

  • Apa Dictionary of Psychology Botwinick, Jack; Thompson, Larry W. (1966). The premotor and the motor components of the reaction time. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 71(1): 9-15.)
  • Burton LA, Hafetz J, Henninger D. (2007). Gender differences in relational and physical aggression. Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal. 35(1): 41-50.
  • Buss AH, Durkee A. (1957). An inventory for assessing different kinds of hostility. Journal of consulting psychology. 21(4): 343.
  • Cohen MS, Bookheimer SY (1994). Localization of brain function using magnetic resonance imaging. Trends in neurosciences. 17(7): 268-277.
  • Cohen MS, Kosslyn SM, Breiter HC, DiGirolamo GJ, Thompson WL, Anderson AK, Belliveau JW (1996). Changes in cortical activity during mental rotation A mapping study using functional MRI. Brain. 119(1): 89-100.
  • Cournot M, Marquie JC, Ansiau D. (2006). Relation between body mass index and cognitive function in healthy middle aged men and women. Neurology 67: 1208–1214.
  • Dabbs J, Hargrove MF. (1997). Age, testosterone and behaviour among female prison inmates. Psychosomatic medicine. 59(5): 477-480.
  • Dane S, Erzurumluoglu ALI. (2003). Sex and handedness differences in eye-hand visual reaction times in handball players. International Journal of Neuroscience. 113(7): 923-929.
  • Debarnot U, Piolino P, Baron JC, Guillot A. (2013). Mental rotation: effects of gender, training and sleep consolidation. PLoS One. 2013; 8(3): e60296.
  • Deore, D. N., Surwase, S. P., Masroor, S., Khan, S. T., & Kathore, V. (2012). A cross sectional study on the relationship between the body mass index (BMI) and the audiovisual reaction time (ART). Journal of clinical and diagnostic research: JCDR, 6(9), 1466.
  • Ducharme S, Hudziak JJ, Botteron KN, Ganjavi H, Lepage C, Collins DL, Brain Development Cooperative Group. (2011). Right anterior cingulate cortical thickness and bilateral striatal volume correlate with child behavior checklist aggressive behavior scores in healthy children. Biological psychiatry. 70(3): 283-290.
  • Dykiert D, Der G, Starr JM, Deary IJ. (2012) Sex differences in reaction time mean and intraindividual variability across the life span. Developmental psychology. 48(5): 1262.
  • Eals M, Silverman I (1994). The hunter-gatherer theory of spatial sex differences: Proximate factors mediating the female advantage in recall of object arrays. Ethology and Sociobiology. 15(2): 95-105.
  • Engel BT, Phillip R. Horne T, Reginald EQ. (1972). “On the relationship among sex, age, response mode, cardiac cycle phase, breathing cycle phase, and simple reaction time”, Journal of Gerontology. 27: 456-460.
  • Facchiano E, Scaringi S, Veltri M et al. (2013). Age as a predictive factor of testosterone improvement in male patients after bariatric surgery: preliminary results of a monocentric prospective study. Obes Surg 2: 167–72.
  • Furlow B, Gangestad SW, Armijo P. (1998). Developmental stability and human violence. Proceedings of the royal society of london. Series B: Biological sciences. 265(1390): 1-6.
  • Gunstad J, Paul RH, Cohaen RA, Tate DF, Gordon E. (2006). Obesity is associated with memory deficits in young and middle aged adults. Eat Weight Disord 11: e15–e19.).
  • Gunstad, J., Paul, R. H., Cohen, R. A., Tate, D. F., Spitznagel, M. B., & Gordon, E. (2007). Elevated body mass index is associated with executive dysfunction in otherwise healthy adults. Comprehensive psychiatry, 48(1), 57-61.
  • Jain A, Bansar R, Kumar A, Singh KD. (2015). A comparative study of visual and auditory reaction times on the basis of gender and physical activity levels of medical first year students. International journal of applied and basic medical research. 5(2): 124.
  • Janssen, I., Craig, W. M., Boyce, W. F., & Pickett, W. (2004). Associations between overweight and obesity with bullying behaviors in school-aged children. Pediatrics, 113(5), 1187-1194.
  • Jardine R, Martin NG. Spatial ability and throwing accuracy. Behavior Genetics. 1983; 13(4): 331-340.
  • Jose S, Gideon PK. (2010). Comparison between auditory and visual simple reaction times. Neuroscience and medicine.
  • Kiziltan E, Yazici AC, Toyran N, Bodur B, Çelik FP, Erdem I, Özbas G. (2015). Görsel-Uzaysal Beceriler ile Akademik Basari Iliskisi: Baskent Üniversitesi Tip Fakültesi Tecrübesi/Relation Between Visio-Spatial Abilities and Academic Success: Baskent University Faculty of Medicine Experience. Türkiye Klinikleri. Tip Bilimleri Dergisi. 35(3): 138.
  • Kiziltan E, Barut C, Gelir E. (2006). A high-precision, low cost system for evaluating finger-tapping tasks. International journal of neuroscience. 116(12): 1471-1480.
  • Kreuz LE, Rose RM. (1972). Assessment of aggressive behaviour and plasma testosterone in a young criminal population. Psychosomatic medicine.
  • Levine SC, Foley A, Lourenco S, Ehrlich S, Ratliff K. (2016). Sex differences in spatial cognition: Advancing the conversation. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Cognitive Science. 7(2): 127-155.
  • Linn MC, Petersen AC. (1985). Emergence and characterization of sex differences in spatial ability: A meta-analysis. Child development. 1479-1498.
  • Madran HAD. (2012). Buss-Perry saldırganlık Ölçeği’nin Türkçe formunun geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi. 24(2): 1-6. Morsunbül Ü. (2015). The effect of identity development, self-esteem, low self-control and gender on aggression in adolescence and emerging adulthood. Eurasian journal of educational research. (61): 99-116.
  • Nene, A. S., Pazare, P. A., & Sharma, K. D. (2011). A study of relation between body mass index and simple reaction time in healthy young females. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol, 55(3), 288-91.
  • Nooyens AC, Koppes LL, Visscher TL, Twisk JW, Kemper HC, Schuit AJ, et al. (2007). Adolescent skinfold thickness is a better predictor of high body fatness in adults than is body mass index: the Amsterdam Growth and Health Longitudinal Study. Am J Clin Nutr. 85:1533–9.
  • Oldfield RC. (1971). The assessment and analysis of handedness: the Edinburgh inventory. Neuropsychologia. 9(1): 97-113.
  • Peters M, Battista C. (2008). Applications of mental rotation figures of the Shepard and Metzler type and description of a mental rotation stimulus library. Brain and cognition. 66(3): 260-264.
  • Quaiser-Pohl, C Geiser, C, Lehmann W. (2006). The relationship between computer-game preference, gender, and mental-rotation ability. Personality and Individual differences. 40(3): 609-619.
  • Raine A, Lencz T, Bihrle S, LaCasse L, Colletti P. (2000). Reduced prefrontal gray matter volume and reduced autonomic activity in antisocial personality disorder. Archives of general psychiatry. 57(2): 119-127.
  • Sabia S, Kivimaki M, Shipley MJ, Marmot MG, M anoux AS. (2009). Body mass index over the adult life course and cognition in midlife: the Whitehall II cohort study. Am J Clin Nutr 89: 601–607
  • Sarría A, García-Llop LA, Moreno LA, Fleta J, Morellón MP, Bueno M. (1998). Skinfold thickness measurements are better predictors of body fat percentage than body mass index in male Spanish children and adolescents. Eur J Clin Nutr. 52:573–6.
  • Skurvydas, A., Gutnik, B., Zuoza, A. K., Nash, D., Zuoziene, I. J., & Mickeviciene, D. (2009). Relationship between simple reaction time and body mass index. Homo, 60(1), 77-85.
  • Shepard RN, Metzler J. (1971). Mental rotation of three-dimensional objects. Science. 171(3972): 701-703.
  • Şahin Ş, Cesur N, Şahin E. (2019). Kadın artistik ve aerobik cimnastikçilerin reaksiyon zamanı ve mental rotasyon performanslarının incelenmesi. Uluslararası İnsan ve Sanat Araştırmaları Dergisi 2(2): 19-25.
  • Tagaris GA, Richter W, Kim SG, Pellizzer G, Andersen P, Uǧurbil K, Georgopoulos AP. (1998). Functional magnetic resonance imaging of mental rotation and memory scanning: a multidimensional scaling analysis of brain activation patterns. Brain Research Reviews. 26(2-3): 106-112.
  • Thompson EG, Mann IT, Harris LJ. (1981). Relationships among cognitive complexity, sex, and spatial task performance in college students. British Journal of Psychology. 72(2): 249-256.
  • Tiihonen J, Rossi R, Laakso M P, Hodgins S, Testa C, Perez J, Frisoni GB. (2008). Brain anatomy of persistent violent offenders: more rather than less. Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging, 163(3): 201-212.
  • Titze C, Jansen P, Heil M. (2010). Mental rotation performance and the effect of gender in fourth graders and adults. European Journal of Developmental Psychology. 7(4): 432-444.
  • Tso, M. K., Rowland, B., Toumbourou, J. W., & Guadagno, B. L. (2018). Overweight or obesity associations with physical aggression in children and adolescents: A meta-analysis. International journal of behavioral development, 42(1), 116-131.
  • Turos J, Ervin A. (2000). Training and gender differences on a Web-based mental rotation task. The Penn State Behrend Psychology Journal. 4(2): 3-12.
  • Yargic MP, Aydin L, Erdagi K, Kiziltan E. (2019). The Use of Computer Based Test Battery for the Assessment of Cognitive Functions in Elite-Level Strength Training. In 2019 IEEE 19th International Conference on Bioinformatics and Bioengineering (BIBE) (pp. 334-338). IEEE.
  • Young L, Bechara A, Tranel D, Damasio H, Hauser M, Damasio A. (2010). Damage to ventromedial prefrontal cortex impairs judgment of harmful intent. Neuron 65(6): 845-851.
  • Zacks JM. (2008). Neuroimaging studies of mental rotation: a meta-analysis and review. Journal of cognitive neuroscience. 20(1): 1-19.

Year 2023, Volume: 13 Issue: 1, 1 - 14, 25.09.2023

İsmail Can Pelin Berkan Kozan Uğur Toprak Meryem Korkmaz Taylan Gül Beyazıt Kayaoğlu Jerfi Cider Egemen Doğan Feyzanur Beyazlı

Abstract

Supporting Institution

Başkent Üniversitesi

Project Number

KA22/140

References

  • Apa Dictionary of Psychology Botwinick, Jack; Thompson, Larry W. (1966). The premotor and the motor components of the reaction time. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 71(1): 9-15.)
  • Burton LA, Hafetz J, Henninger D. (2007). Gender differences in relational and physical aggression. Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal. 35(1): 41-50.
  • Buss AH, Durkee A. (1957). An inventory for assessing different kinds of hostility. Journal of consulting psychology. 21(4): 343.
  • Cohen MS, Bookheimer SY (1994). Localization of brain function using magnetic resonance imaging. Trends in neurosciences. 17(7): 268-277.
  • Cohen MS, Kosslyn SM, Breiter HC, DiGirolamo GJ, Thompson WL, Anderson AK, Belliveau JW (1996). Changes in cortical activity during mental rotation A mapping study using functional MRI. Brain. 119(1): 89-100.
  • Cournot M, Marquie JC, Ansiau D. (2006). Relation between body mass index and cognitive function in healthy middle aged men and women. Neurology 67: 1208–1214.
  • Dabbs J, Hargrove MF. (1997). Age, testosterone and behaviour among female prison inmates. Psychosomatic medicine. 59(5): 477-480.
  • Dane S, Erzurumluoglu ALI. (2003). Sex and handedness differences in eye-hand visual reaction times in handball players. International Journal of Neuroscience. 113(7): 923-929.
  • Debarnot U, Piolino P, Baron JC, Guillot A. (2013). Mental rotation: effects of gender, training and sleep consolidation. PLoS One. 2013; 8(3): e60296.
  • Deore, D. N., Surwase, S. P., Masroor, S., Khan, S. T., & Kathore, V. (2012). A cross sectional study on the relationship between the body mass index (BMI) and the audiovisual reaction time (ART). Journal of clinical and diagnostic research: JCDR, 6(9), 1466.
  • Ducharme S, Hudziak JJ, Botteron KN, Ganjavi H, Lepage C, Collins DL, Brain Development Cooperative Group. (2011). Right anterior cingulate cortical thickness and bilateral striatal volume correlate with child behavior checklist aggressive behavior scores in healthy children. Biological psychiatry. 70(3): 283-290.
  • Dykiert D, Der G, Starr JM, Deary IJ. (2012) Sex differences in reaction time mean and intraindividual variability across the life span. Developmental psychology. 48(5): 1262.
  • Eals M, Silverman I (1994). The hunter-gatherer theory of spatial sex differences: Proximate factors mediating the female advantage in recall of object arrays. Ethology and Sociobiology. 15(2): 95-105.
  • Engel BT, Phillip R. Horne T, Reginald EQ. (1972). “On the relationship among sex, age, response mode, cardiac cycle phase, breathing cycle phase, and simple reaction time”, Journal of Gerontology. 27: 456-460.
  • Facchiano E, Scaringi S, Veltri M et al. (2013). Age as a predictive factor of testosterone improvement in male patients after bariatric surgery: preliminary results of a monocentric prospective study. Obes Surg 2: 167–72.
  • Furlow B, Gangestad SW, Armijo P. (1998). Developmental stability and human violence. Proceedings of the royal society of london. Series B: Biological sciences. 265(1390): 1-6.
  • Gunstad J, Paul RH, Cohaen RA, Tate DF, Gordon E. (2006). Obesity is associated with memory deficits in young and middle aged adults. Eat Weight Disord 11: e15–e19.).
  • Gunstad, J., Paul, R. H., Cohen, R. A., Tate, D. F., Spitznagel, M. B., & Gordon, E. (2007). Elevated body mass index is associated with executive dysfunction in otherwise healthy adults. Comprehensive psychiatry, 48(1), 57-61.
  • Jain A, Bansar R, Kumar A, Singh KD. (2015). A comparative study of visual and auditory reaction times on the basis of gender and physical activity levels of medical first year students. International journal of applied and basic medical research. 5(2): 124.
  • Janssen, I., Craig, W. M., Boyce, W. F., & Pickett, W. (2004). Associations between overweight and obesity with bullying behaviors in school-aged children. Pediatrics, 113(5), 1187-1194.
  • Jardine R, Martin NG. Spatial ability and throwing accuracy. Behavior Genetics. 1983; 13(4): 331-340.
  • Jose S, Gideon PK. (2010). Comparison between auditory and visual simple reaction times. Neuroscience and medicine.
  • Kiziltan E, Yazici AC, Toyran N, Bodur B, Çelik FP, Erdem I, Özbas G. (2015). Görsel-Uzaysal Beceriler ile Akademik Basari Iliskisi: Baskent Üniversitesi Tip Fakültesi Tecrübesi/Relation Between Visio-Spatial Abilities and Academic Success: Baskent University Faculty of Medicine Experience. Türkiye Klinikleri. Tip Bilimleri Dergisi. 35(3): 138.
  • Kiziltan E, Barut C, Gelir E. (2006). A high-precision, low cost system for evaluating finger-tapping tasks. International journal of neuroscience. 116(12): 1471-1480.
  • Kreuz LE, Rose RM. (1972). Assessment of aggressive behaviour and plasma testosterone in a young criminal population. Psychosomatic medicine.
  • Levine SC, Foley A, Lourenco S, Ehrlich S, Ratliff K. (2016). Sex differences in spatial cognition: Advancing the conversation. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Cognitive Science. 7(2): 127-155.
  • Linn MC, Petersen AC. (1985). Emergence and characterization of sex differences in spatial ability: A meta-analysis. Child development. 1479-1498.
  • Madran HAD. (2012). Buss-Perry saldırganlık Ölçeği’nin Türkçe formunun geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi. 24(2): 1-6. Morsunbül Ü. (2015). The effect of identity development, self-esteem, low self-control and gender on aggression in adolescence and emerging adulthood. Eurasian journal of educational research. (61): 99-116.
  • Nene, A. S., Pazare, P. A., & Sharma, K. D. (2011). A study of relation between body mass index and simple reaction time in healthy young females. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol, 55(3), 288-91.
  • Nooyens AC, Koppes LL, Visscher TL, Twisk JW, Kemper HC, Schuit AJ, et al. (2007). Adolescent skinfold thickness is a better predictor of high body fatness in adults than is body mass index: the Amsterdam Growth and Health Longitudinal Study. Am J Clin Nutr. 85:1533–9.
  • Oldfield RC. (1971). The assessment and analysis of handedness: the Edinburgh inventory. Neuropsychologia. 9(1): 97-113.
  • Peters M, Battista C. (2008). Applications of mental rotation figures of the Shepard and Metzler type and description of a mental rotation stimulus library. Brain and cognition. 66(3): 260-264.
  • Quaiser-Pohl, C Geiser, C, Lehmann W. (2006). The relationship between computer-game preference, gender, and mental-rotation ability. Personality and Individual differences. 40(3): 609-619.
  • Raine A, Lencz T, Bihrle S, LaCasse L, Colletti P. (2000). Reduced prefrontal gray matter volume and reduced autonomic activity in antisocial personality disorder. Archives of general psychiatry. 57(2): 119-127.
  • Sabia S, Kivimaki M, Shipley MJ, Marmot MG, M anoux AS. (2009). Body mass index over the adult life course and cognition in midlife: the Whitehall II cohort study. Am J Clin Nutr 89: 601–607
  • Sarría A, García-Llop LA, Moreno LA, Fleta J, Morellón MP, Bueno M. (1998). Skinfold thickness measurements are better predictors of body fat percentage than body mass index in male Spanish children and adolescents. Eur J Clin Nutr. 52:573–6.
  • Skurvydas, A., Gutnik, B., Zuoza, A. K., Nash, D., Zuoziene, I. J., & Mickeviciene, D. (2009). Relationship between simple reaction time and body mass index. Homo, 60(1), 77-85.
  • Shepard RN, Metzler J. (1971). Mental rotation of three-dimensional objects. Science. 171(3972): 701-703.
  • Şahin Ş, Cesur N, Şahin E. (2019). Kadın artistik ve aerobik cimnastikçilerin reaksiyon zamanı ve mental rotasyon performanslarının incelenmesi. Uluslararası İnsan ve Sanat Araştırmaları Dergisi 2(2): 19-25.
  • Tagaris GA, Richter W, Kim SG, Pellizzer G, Andersen P, Uǧurbil K, Georgopoulos AP. (1998). Functional magnetic resonance imaging of mental rotation and memory scanning: a multidimensional scaling analysis of brain activation patterns. Brain Research Reviews. 26(2-3): 106-112.
  • Thompson EG, Mann IT, Harris LJ. (1981). Relationships among cognitive complexity, sex, and spatial task performance in college students. British Journal of Psychology. 72(2): 249-256.
  • Tiihonen J, Rossi R, Laakso M P, Hodgins S, Testa C, Perez J, Frisoni GB. (2008). Brain anatomy of persistent violent offenders: more rather than less. Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging, 163(3): 201-212.
  • Titze C, Jansen P, Heil M. (2010). Mental rotation performance and the effect of gender in fourth graders and adults. European Journal of Developmental Psychology. 7(4): 432-444.
  • Tso, M. K., Rowland, B., Toumbourou, J. W., & Guadagno, B. L. (2018). Overweight or obesity associations with physical aggression in children and adolescents: A meta-analysis. International journal of behavioral development, 42(1), 116-131.
  • Turos J, Ervin A. (2000). Training and gender differences on a Web-based mental rotation task. The Penn State Behrend Psychology Journal. 4(2): 3-12.
  • Yargic MP, Aydin L, Erdagi K, Kiziltan E. (2019). The Use of Computer Based Test Battery for the Assessment of Cognitive Functions in Elite-Level Strength Training. In 2019 IEEE 19th International Conference on Bioinformatics and Bioengineering (BIBE) (pp. 334-338). IEEE.
  • Young L, Bechara A, Tranel D, Damasio H, Hauser M, Damasio A. (2010). Damage to ventromedial prefrontal cortex impairs judgment of harmful intent. Neuron 65(6): 845-851.
  • Zacks JM. (2008). Neuroimaging studies of mental rotation: a meta-analysis and review. Journal of cognitive neuroscience. 20(1): 1-19.
There are 48 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Anthropology
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

İsmail Can Pelin 0000-0003-0901-8883

Berkan Kozan 0000-0001-9169-2783

Uğur Toprak 0000-0002-2949-9189

Meryem Korkmaz 0000-0001-6581-7714

Taylan Gül 0000-0001-7539-3409

Beyazıt Kayaoğlu 0000-0002-9008-2083

Jerfi Cider 0000-0002-6245-2980

Egemen Doğan 0000-0001-6212-2351

Feyzanur Beyazlı 0000-0001-9997-2173

Project Number KA22/140
Publication Date September 25, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 13 Issue: 1

Cite

Vancouver Pelin İC, Kozan B, Toprak U, Korkmaz M, Gül T, Kayaoğlu B, Cider J, Doğan E, Beyazlı F. Evaluation of the relationship between the tendency to aggression and visual and auditory reaction time, mental rotation and body structure in university students. Euras J Anthropol. 2023;13(1):1-14.