The Influence of the COVID‑19 Pandemic on Pediatric Head Trauma

Yeşim İşler; Halil Kaya

doi:10.55994/ejcc.1131479

Research Article

The Influence of the COVID‑19 Pandemic on Pediatric Head Trauma

Year 2022, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 70 - 75, 31.08.2022

Yeşim İşler Halil Kaya

https://doi.org/10.55994/ejcc.1131479

Abstract

Background: We compared the pre-COVID-19 (2019–2020) and COVID-19 (2020–2021) periods in terms of the incidence of pediatric head trauma (PHT) cases. The incidence of PHT during the pre- COVID-19 pandemic (PCP) and COVID-19 pandemic (CP) periods was investigated.
Materials and Methods: A total of 6,158 patients with PHT seen in a tertiary emergency department between March 15, 2019 and March 15, 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. 1,198 patients for whom were included in the study. The age, gender, type of trauma, Glasgow Coma Scale score, computerized brain tomography findings, and consultation results of the patients were recorded.
Results: The records of 729 and 469 PHT cases in the PCP and CP periods were analyzed, respectively. The number of patients with PHT was significantly lower in the CP period (p < 0.001). While the incidence rates of falls, traffic accidents, and bicycle accidents were higher in the PCP period (p > 0.05), trauma rates were lower in the CP period (p < 0.001). The incidence of falling from a height was highest in the 7–12 years age group (p < 0.05). Cranial fracture, and epidural, subdural, and intracranial bleeding rates, were higher (p > 0.05) in the PCP period. While the mortality rate was higher in the PCP period, the treatment refusal rate was higher in the CP period (p < 0.001).
Conclusion: The rate of PHT decreased, while treatment refusal rates increased during the CP period. However, mortality rates due to PHTs were higher before the CP.

Keywords

COVID-19, emergency department, pediatric head trauma, pre-pandemic, pandemic

Supporting Institution

Yoktur.

Project Number

Bursa Yüksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital Clinical Researches Ethics Committee (decision no: 2011-KAEK-25 2021/04-15 )

Thanks

We would like to thank Melih Yuksel for his contribution.

References

1. Wang C, Horby PW, Hayden FG, Gao GF. A novel coronavirus outbreak of global health concern. Lancet. 2020;395(10223): 470–3. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30185-9.
2. Moreland A, Herlihy C, Tynan M.A, Sunshine G, McCord R.F, Hilton C, et al. Timing of State and Territorial COVID-19 Stay-at-Home Orders and Changes in Population Movement-United States, March 1–May 31, 2020. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 2020;69(35):1198-1203. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6935a2.
3. Lewnard JA, Lo NC. Scientific and ethical basis for social-distancing interventions against COVID-19. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 2020;20(6):631-633. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30190-0.
4. Yanagawa Y, Sakamoto T. Characteristics of pediatric trauma in an urban city in Japan. Pediatr Emerg Care 2009;25:572-4. DOI:10.1097/PEC.0b013e3181b4f60e
5. Bowman SM, Bird TM, Aitken ME, Tilford JM. Trends in hospitalizations associated with pediatric traumatic brain injuries. Pediatrics 2008;122(5):988-93.doi: 10.1542/peds.2007-3511.
6. Diamond IR, Parkin PC, Wales PW, Bohn D, Kreller MA, Dykes EH et al. Preventable pediatric trauma deaths in Ontario: a comparative population-based study. J Trauma 2009;66:1189-95. DOI:10.1097/ta.0b013e31819adbb3
7. Boserup B, McKenney M, Elkbuli A. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on emergency department visits and patient safety in the United States. Am J Emerg Med 2020; 38(9):1732–36 doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.06.007
8. Man CY, Yeung RS, Chung JY, Cameron PA Impact of SARS on an emergency department in Hong Kong. Emerg Med (Fremantle) 2003;15(5–6):418–22 doi: 10.1046/j.1442-2026.2003.00495.x.
9. Oseran AS, Nash D, Kim C, Moisuk S, Lai PY, Pyhtila J, et al. Changes in hospital admissions for urgent conditions during COVID-19 pandemic. Am J Manag Care 2020;26(8):327–28 DOI: 10.37765/ajmc.2020.43837
10. Rodriguez-Leor O, Cid-Álvarez B, Ojeda S Martín-Moreiras J, Rumoroso JR, López-Palop J et al. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on interventional cardiology activity in Spain. REC Interv Cardiol 2020;2(2):82-9 https://doi.org/10.24875/RECICE.M20000123
11. Lange SJ, Ritchey MD, Goodman AB, Twentyman E, Fuld J, Schieve LA et al. Potential Indirect Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on use of emergency departments for acute life-threatening conditions–United States, January-May 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2020;26;69(25):795-800. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6925e2.
12. Park C, Sugand K, Nathwani D, Bhattacharya R, Sarraf KM. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on orthopedic trauma workload in a London level 1 trauma center: the “golden month.” Acta Orthop 2020; 91:1–6 DOI: 10.1080/17453674.2020.1783621
13. Sanford EL, Zagory J, Blackwell JM, Szmuk P, Ryan M, Ambardekar A. Changes in Pediatric Trauma during COVID-19 Stay-at-Home Epoch at a Tertiary Pediatric Hospital. J. Pediatr. Surg. 2021;56(5):918-22. doi:10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2021.01.020
14. Sherman WF, Khadra HS, Kale NN, Wu VJ, Gladden PB, Lee OC. How Did the Number and Type of Injuries in Patients Presenting to a Regional Level I Trauma Center Change During the COVID-19 Pandemic with a Stay-at-Home Order? Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res. 2021;479(2):266-75. DOI: 10.1097/CORR.0000000000001484
15. Carroll LJ, Cassidy JD, Holm L, Kraus J, Coronado VG. Methodological issues and research recommendations for mild traumatic brain injury: the WHO Collaborating Centre Task Force on Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. J Rehabil Med. 2004;(43 Suppl):113-25. DOI: 10.1080/16501960410023877
16. Schneier AJ, Shields BJ, Hostetler SG, Xiang H, Smith GA. Incidence of pediatric traumatic brain injury and associated hospital resource utilization in the United States. Pediatrics 2006;118:483-92. doi: 10.1542/peds.2005-2588.
17. Klin B, Rosenfeld-Yehoshua N, Abu-Kishk I, Efrati Y, Kozer E, Jeroukhimov I et al. Bicycle-related injuries in children: disturbing profile of a growing problem. Injury 2009;40:1011-3. DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2009.01.135
18. Melo JR, Di Rocco F, Lemos-Júnior LP, Roujeau T, Thélot B, Sainte-Rose C, et al. Defenestration in children younger than 6 years old: mortality predictors in severe head trauma. Childs Nerv Syst 2009;25:1077-83. DOI: 10.1007/s00381-009-0924-5
19. Yeung JHH, Leung CSM, Poon WS, Cheung NK, Graham CA, Rainer TH. Bicycle related injuries presenting to a trauma center in Hong Kong. Injury, Int. J. Care Injured 2009;40; 555-9. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2008.08.015
20. Güzel A, Karasalihoğlu S, Küçükuğurluoğlu Y. Evaluation of the fall-related trauma cases applied to our pediatric emergency department. Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg 2007;13(3):211-6.
21. Kleiven S, Peloso PM, von Holst H. The epidemiology of head injuries in Sweden from 1987 to 2000. Inj Control Saf Promot 2003; 10: 173-80. doi: 10.1076/icsp.10.3.173.14552.
22. Park SH, Cho BM, Oh SM. Head injuries from falls in preschool children. Yonsei Med J 2004; 45: 229-32. DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2004.45.2.229
23. Committee on Injury and Poison Prevention. American Academy of Pediatrics: Falls from heights: windows, roofs, and balconies. Pediatrics 2001; 107: 1188-91.

Year 2022, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 70 - 75, 31.08.2022

Yeşim İşler Halil Kaya

https://doi.org/10.55994/ejcc.1131479

Abstract

Project Number

Bursa Yüksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital Clinical Researches Ethics Committee (decision no: 2011-KAEK-25 2021/04-15 )

References

1. Wang C, Horby PW, Hayden FG, Gao GF. A novel coronavirus outbreak of global health concern. Lancet. 2020;395(10223): 470–3. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30185-9.
2. Moreland A, Herlihy C, Tynan M.A, Sunshine G, McCord R.F, Hilton C, et al. Timing of State and Territorial COVID-19 Stay-at-Home Orders and Changes in Population Movement-United States, March 1–May 31, 2020. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 2020;69(35):1198-1203. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6935a2.
3. Lewnard JA, Lo NC. Scientific and ethical basis for social-distancing interventions against COVID-19. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 2020;20(6):631-633. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30190-0.
4. Yanagawa Y, Sakamoto T. Characteristics of pediatric trauma in an urban city in Japan. Pediatr Emerg Care 2009;25:572-4. DOI:10.1097/PEC.0b013e3181b4f60e
5. Bowman SM, Bird TM, Aitken ME, Tilford JM. Trends in hospitalizations associated with pediatric traumatic brain injuries. Pediatrics 2008;122(5):988-93.doi: 10.1542/peds.2007-3511.
6. Diamond IR, Parkin PC, Wales PW, Bohn D, Kreller MA, Dykes EH et al. Preventable pediatric trauma deaths in Ontario: a comparative population-based study. J Trauma 2009;66:1189-95. DOI:10.1097/ta.0b013e31819adbb3
7. Boserup B, McKenney M, Elkbuli A. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on emergency department visits and patient safety in the United States. Am J Emerg Med 2020; 38(9):1732–36 doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.06.007
8. Man CY, Yeung RS, Chung JY, Cameron PA Impact of SARS on an emergency department in Hong Kong. Emerg Med (Fremantle) 2003;15(5–6):418–22 doi: 10.1046/j.1442-2026.2003.00495.x.
9. Oseran AS, Nash D, Kim C, Moisuk S, Lai PY, Pyhtila J, et al. Changes in hospital admissions for urgent conditions during COVID-19 pandemic. Am J Manag Care 2020;26(8):327–28 DOI: 10.37765/ajmc.2020.43837
10. Rodriguez-Leor O, Cid-Álvarez B, Ojeda S Martín-Moreiras J, Rumoroso JR, López-Palop J et al. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on interventional cardiology activity in Spain. REC Interv Cardiol 2020;2(2):82-9 https://doi.org/10.24875/RECICE.M20000123
11. Lange SJ, Ritchey MD, Goodman AB, Twentyman E, Fuld J, Schieve LA et al. Potential Indirect Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on use of emergency departments for acute life-threatening conditions–United States, January-May 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2020;26;69(25):795-800. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6925e2.
12. Park C, Sugand K, Nathwani D, Bhattacharya R, Sarraf KM. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on orthopedic trauma workload in a London level 1 trauma center: the “golden month.” Acta Orthop 2020; 91:1–6 DOI: 10.1080/17453674.2020.1783621
13. Sanford EL, Zagory J, Blackwell JM, Szmuk P, Ryan M, Ambardekar A. Changes in Pediatric Trauma during COVID-19 Stay-at-Home Epoch at a Tertiary Pediatric Hospital. J. Pediatr. Surg. 2021;56(5):918-22. doi:10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2021.01.020
14. Sherman WF, Khadra HS, Kale NN, Wu VJ, Gladden PB, Lee OC. How Did the Number and Type of Injuries in Patients Presenting to a Regional Level I Trauma Center Change During the COVID-19 Pandemic with a Stay-at-Home Order? Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res. 2021;479(2):266-75. DOI: 10.1097/CORR.0000000000001484
15. Carroll LJ, Cassidy JD, Holm L, Kraus J, Coronado VG. Methodological issues and research recommendations for mild traumatic brain injury: the WHO Collaborating Centre Task Force on Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. J Rehabil Med. 2004;(43 Suppl):113-25. DOI: 10.1080/16501960410023877
16. Schneier AJ, Shields BJ, Hostetler SG, Xiang H, Smith GA. Incidence of pediatric traumatic brain injury and associated hospital resource utilization in the United States. Pediatrics 2006;118:483-92. doi: 10.1542/peds.2005-2588.
17. Klin B, Rosenfeld-Yehoshua N, Abu-Kishk I, Efrati Y, Kozer E, Jeroukhimov I et al. Bicycle-related injuries in children: disturbing profile of a growing problem. Injury 2009;40:1011-3. DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2009.01.135
18. Melo JR, Di Rocco F, Lemos-Júnior LP, Roujeau T, Thélot B, Sainte-Rose C, et al. Defenestration in children younger than 6 years old: mortality predictors in severe head trauma. Childs Nerv Syst 2009;25:1077-83. DOI: 10.1007/s00381-009-0924-5
19. Yeung JHH, Leung CSM, Poon WS, Cheung NK, Graham CA, Rainer TH. Bicycle related injuries presenting to a trauma center in Hong Kong. Injury, Int. J. Care Injured 2009;40; 555-9. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2008.08.015
20. Güzel A, Karasalihoğlu S, Küçükuğurluoğlu Y. Evaluation of the fall-related trauma cases applied to our pediatric emergency department. Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg 2007;13(3):211-6.
21. Kleiven S, Peloso PM, von Holst H. The epidemiology of head injuries in Sweden from 1987 to 2000. Inj Control Saf Promot 2003; 10: 173-80. doi: 10.1076/icsp.10.3.173.14552.
22. Park SH, Cho BM, Oh SM. Head injuries from falls in preschool children. Yonsei Med J 2004; 45: 229-32. DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2004.45.2.229
23. Committee on Injury and Poison Prevention. American Academy of Pediatrics: Falls from heights: windows, roofs, and balconies. Pediatrics 2001; 107: 1188-91.

There are 23 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language	English
Subjects	Emergency Medicine
Journal Section	Original Articles
Authors	Yeşim İşler 0000-0002-6389-5361 Halil Kaya 0000-0003-2005-6100
Project Number	Bursa Yüksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital Clinical Researches Ethics Committee (decision no: 2011-KAEK-25 2021/04-15 )
Publication Date	August 31, 2022
Submission Date	June 15, 2022
Acceptance Date	August 15, 2022
Published in Issue	Year 2022 Volume: 4 Issue: 2

Cite

APA	İşler, Y., & Kaya, H. (2022). The Influence of the COVID‑19 Pandemic on Pediatric Head Trauma. Eurasian Journal of Critical Care, 4(2), 70-75. https://doi.org/10.55994/ejcc.1131479
AMA	İşler Y, Kaya H. The Influence of the COVID‑19 Pandemic on Pediatric Head Trauma. Eurasian j Crit Care. August 2022;4(2):70-75. doi:10.55994/ejcc.1131479
Chicago	İşler, Yeşim, and Halil Kaya. “The Influence of the COVID‑19 Pandemic on Pediatric Head Trauma”. Eurasian Journal of Critical Care 4, no. 2 (August 2022): 70-75. https://doi.org/10.55994/ejcc.1131479.
EndNote	İşler Y, Kaya H (August 1, 2022) The Influence of the COVID‑19 Pandemic on Pediatric Head Trauma. Eurasian Journal of Critical Care 4 2 70–75.
IEEE	Y. İşler and H. Kaya, “The Influence of the COVID‑19 Pandemic on Pediatric Head Trauma”, Eurasian j Crit Care, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 70–75, 2022, doi: 10.55994/ejcc.1131479.
ISNAD	İşler, Yeşim - Kaya, Halil. “The Influence of the COVID‑19 Pandemic on Pediatric Head Trauma”. Eurasian Journal of Critical Care 4/2 (August 2022), 70-75. https://doi.org/10.55994/ejcc.1131479.
JAMA	İşler Y, Kaya H. The Influence of the COVID‑19 Pandemic on Pediatric Head Trauma. Eurasian j Crit Care. 2022;4:70–75.
MLA	İşler, Yeşim and Halil Kaya. “The Influence of the COVID‑19 Pandemic on Pediatric Head Trauma”. Eurasian Journal of Critical Care, vol. 4, no. 2, 2022, pp. 70-75, doi:10.55994/ejcc.1131479.
Vancouver	İşler Y, Kaya H. The Influence of the COVID‑19 Pandemic on Pediatric Head Trauma. Eurasian j Crit Care. 2022;4(2):70-5.

Download Cover Image

Article Files

Full Text

Indexing and Abstracting