Abstract
Bu çalışmada, pektin tozu doymamış polyester (UP) içinde homojen bir şekilde karıştırılmıştır. Polyester kompozit üretimi için karışıma metil etil keton peroksit (MEKP) ve kobalt oktoat (Co Oc) eklenir. Elde edilen kompozit standart kalıplara jel olarak dökülür ve 24 saat kürlenmeye bırakılır. Kompozitin bazı fiziksel ve kimyasal özellikleri belirlenir ve karakterizasyon işlemleri yapılır. Polyester kompozitin yoğunluğu, Shore D sertliği, termal iletkenlik katsayısı ve termal kararlılığı incelenir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre polyester kompozitte dolgu maddesi olarak pektin kullanılmaktadır. Fourier dönüşümü kızılötesi (FTIR) spektroskopisi ile polyester polimerin kimyasal yapısında herhangi bir değişiklik olmamıştır. Polyester kompozitlerin yoğunluğu, ağırlıkça % 0, % 1, % 3, % 5 ve % 7 pektin tozu takviyesi arttıkça azalır. Ayrıca dolgu maddesi olarak pektin tozunun takviyesi, polyester kompozitin Shore D sertliğini azaltır. Ancak dolgu oranı arttıkça polyester kompozitin ısıl iletkenlik katsayısının arttığı gözlemlenmiştir. Kompozitin ısıl ayrışma deneylerinde dolgu oranı arttıkça aktivasyon enerjisi bir miktar azalmaktadır. Optimizasyon sonuçlarına göre ağırlıkça % 3 pektin tozu ilavesi polyester kompozitin hem yüzey morfolojisini hem de termofiziksel özelliklerini olumsuz etkilememiştir.
References
- Shibata, M., Takachiyo, K.I., Ozawa, K., Yosomiya, R., and Takeishi, H. Biodegradable polyester composites reinforced with short abaca fiber, J Appl Polym Sci, 85, 129–138, 2002.
- Jagadeesh, P., Puttegowda, M., Girijappa, Y.G.T., Rangappa, S.M., and Siengchin S. Effect of natural filler materials on fiber reinforced hybrid polymer composites: An Overview, Journal of Natural Fibers, 19(11), 4132-4147, 2022.
- Bagherpour, S. Fibre Reinforced Polyester Composites, Intech, Rijeka, Croatia, 56-385, 2012.
- Nesic, A., Meseldzija, S., Cabrera-Barjas, G., and Onjia, A. Novel Biocomposite Films Based on High Methoxyl Pectin Reinforced with Zeolite Y for Food Packaging Applications, Foods, 11, 360, 2022.
- Valdés, A., Burgos, N., Jiménez, A., and Garrigós, M.C. Natural Pectin Polysaccharides as Edible Coatings, Coatings, 5(4), 865-886, 2015.
- Mohnen, D. Pectin structure and biosynthesis, Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 11(3), 266-277, 2008.
- Lara-Espinoza, C., Carvajal-Millán, E., Balandrán-Quintana, R., López-Franco, Y., and Rascón-Chu, A. Pectin and Pectin-Based Composite Materials: Beyond Food Texture, Molecules, 23(4), 942, 2018.
- Sriamornsak, P. Application of pectin in oral drug delivery, Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 8(8), 1009-1023, 2011.
- Marangoni Júnior, L., Fozzatti, C.R., Jamróz, E., Vieira R.P., and Alves, R.M.V. Biopolymer-Based Films from Sodium Alginate and Citrus Pectin Reinforced with SiO2, Materials, 15(11), 3881, 2022.
- Picot-Allain, M.C.N., Ramasawmy, B., and Emmambux, M.N. Extraction, Characterisation, and Application of Pectin from Tropical and Sub-Tropical Fruits: A Review, Food Reviews International, 38(3), 282-312, 2022.
- Pothan, L.A., Oommen, Z., and Thomas, S. Dynamic mechanical analysis of banana fiber reinforced polyester composites, Compos Sci Technol, 63, 283–293, 2003.
- Baiardo, M., Zini, E., and Scandola, M. Flax fibre–polyester composites, Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 35(6), 703-710, 2004.
- Monteiro, S.N., Terrones, L.A.H., and D’Almeida, J.R.M. Mechanical performance of coir fiber/polyester composites, Polymer Testing, 27(5), 591-595, 2008.
- Senthilkumar, K., Rajini, N., Saba, N., and et al. Effect of Alkali Treatment on Mechanical and Morphological Properties of Pineapple Leaf Fibre/Polyester Composites, J Polym Environ, 27, 1191–1201, 2019.
- Dağ, M., Yanen, C., and Aydoğmuş, E. Effect of Boron Factory Components on Thermophysical Properties of Epoxy Composite, European Journal of Science and Technology, 36, 151–154, 2022.
- Orhan, R., Aydoğmuş, E., Topuz, S., and Arslanoğlu, H. Investigation of thermo-mechanical characteristics of borax reinforced polyester composites, Journal of Building Engineering, 42, 103051, 2021.
- Yanen, C., Dağ, M., and Aydoğmuş, E. Investigation of Thermophysical Properties of Colemanite, Ulexite, and Tincal Reinforced Polyester Composites, European Journal of Science and Technology, 36, 155–159, 2022.
- Yilmaz, E., Aydoğmuş, E., and Demir, A. Life Cycle Assessment and Characterization of Tincal Ore Reinforced Polyester and Vinylester Composites, Journal of the Turkish Chemical Society Section B: Chemical Engineering, 5(2), 183-194, 2022.
- Aydoğmuş, E., and Arslanoğlu, H. Kinetics of thermal decomposition of the polyester nanocomposites, Petroleum Science and Technology, 39(13–14), 484–500, 2021.
- Şahal, H., and Aydoğmuş, E. Investigation of Thermophysical Properties of Polyester Composites Produced with Synthesized MSG and Nano-Alumina, European Journal of Science and Technology, 34, 95-99, 2022.
- Şahal, H., Aydoğmuş, E., and Arslanoğlu, H. Investigation of thermophysical properties of synthesized SA and nano-alumina reinforced polyester composites, Petroleum Science and Technology, 1–17, 2022.
- Pekdemir, M. E., Aydoğmuş, E., and Arslanoğlu, H. (2023). Thermal decomposition kinetics of synthesized poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) and Fe3O4 coated nanocomposite: Evaluation of calculated activation energy by RSM. Petroleum Science and Technology, 1-19, 2023.
- Aydoğmuş, E., Aydın, M., and Arslanoğlu, H. Production and characterization of microsphere reinforced polyester composite: Modeling of thermal decomposition with ANN and optimization studies by RSM. Petroleum Science and Technology, 1-17, 2022.
- Yanen, C., and Aydoğmuş, E. Characterization of Thermo-Physical Properties of Nanoparticle Reinforced the Polyester Nanocomposite, Dicle University Journal of the Institute of Natural and Applied Science, 10(2), 121–132, 2021.
- Aydoğmuş, E., Arslanoğlu, H., and Dağ, M. Production of waste polyethylene terephthalate reinforced biocomposite with RSM design and evaluation of thermophysical properties by ANN, Journal of Building Engineering, 44, 103337, 2021.
- Aydoğmuş, E., Dağ, M., Yalçın, Z. G., and Arslanoğlu, H. Synthesis and characterization of EPS reinforced modified castor oil-based epoxy biocomposite, Journal of Building Engineering, 47, 103897, 2022.
- Demirel, M. H., and Aydoğmuş, E. Production and Characterization of Waste Mask Reinforced Polyester Composite, Journal of Inonu University Health Services Vocational School. 10(1), 41-49, 2022.
- Demirel, M. H., and Aydoğmuş, E. Waste Polyurethane Reinforced Polyester Composite, Production and Characterization, Journal of the Turkish Chemical Society Section A: Chemistry, 9(1), 443–452, 2022.
- Aydoğmuş, E. Biohybrid nanocomposite production and characterization by RSM investigation of thermal decomposition kinetics with ANN, Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery, 12, 4799-4816, 2022.
- Şahal, H., and Aydoğmuş, E. Production and Characterization of Palm Oil Based Epoxy Biocomposite by RSM Design, Hittite Journal of Science and Engineering, 8(4), 287-297, 2021.
- Aydoğmuş, E., Dağ, M., Yalçın, Z. G., and Arslanoğlu, H. Synthesis and characterization of waste polyethylene reinforced modified castor oil‐based polyester biocomposite, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 139, e525256, 2022.
- Orhan, R., and Aydoğmuş, E. Investigation of some thermophysical properties of Asphodelus aestivus reinforced polyester composite, Firat University Journal of Experimental and Computational Engineering 1(3), 103-109, 2022.
- Orhan, R., and Aydoğmuş, E. Production and Characterization of Waste Corncob Reinforced Polyester Composite, European Journal of Science and Technology Special Issue. 42, 176-179, 2022.
- Buran, A., Durğun, M. E., and Aydoğmuş, E. Cornus alba Reinforced Polyester-Epoxy Hybrid Composite Production and Characterization, European Journal of Science and Technology, 43, 99-103, 2022.
- Buran, A., Durğun, M. E., Aydoğmuş, E., and Arslanoğlu, H. Determination of thermophysical properties of Ficus elastica leaves reinforced epoxy composite, Firat University Journal of Experimental and Computational Engineering, 2(1), 12-22, 2023.
Abstract
In this study, pectin powder is mixed homogeneously in unsaturated polyester (UP). For the production of polyester composite, methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKP) and cobalt octoate (Co Oc) are added to the mixture. The obtained composite is poured into standard molds as a gel and allowed to cure for 24 hours. Some physical and chemical properties of the composite are determined and characterization processes are carried out. Density, Shore D hardness, thermal conductivity coefficient, and thermal stability of polyester composite are examined. According to the results obtained, pectin is used as a filler in the polyester composite. There is no change in the chemical structure of the polyester polymer with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The density of polyester composites decreases as the reinforcement of 0 wt.%, 1 wt.%, 3 wt.%, 5 wt.%, and 7 wt.% pectin powder increases. Besides, the reinforcement of pectin powder as filler reduces Shore D hardness of the polyester composite. However, it has been observed that the thermal conductivity coefficient of the polyester composite increases as the filler ratio rises. In thermal decomposition experiments of the composite, the activation energy decreases slightly as the filler ratio increases. According to the optimization results, 3 wt.% pectin powder supplementation does not adversely affect both the surface morphology and thermophysical properties of the polyester composite.
Keywords
Pectin powder polyester composite density Shore D activation energy Pektin tozu polyester kompozit yoğunluk Shore D aktivasyon enerjisi
References
- Shibata, M., Takachiyo, K.I., Ozawa, K., Yosomiya, R., and Takeishi, H. Biodegradable polyester composites reinforced with short abaca fiber, J Appl Polym Sci, 85, 129–138, 2002.
- Jagadeesh, P., Puttegowda, M., Girijappa, Y.G.T., Rangappa, S.M., and Siengchin S. Effect of natural filler materials on fiber reinforced hybrid polymer composites: An Overview, Journal of Natural Fibers, 19(11), 4132-4147, 2022.
- Bagherpour, S. Fibre Reinforced Polyester Composites, Intech, Rijeka, Croatia, 56-385, 2012.
- Nesic, A., Meseldzija, S., Cabrera-Barjas, G., and Onjia, A. Novel Biocomposite Films Based on High Methoxyl Pectin Reinforced with Zeolite Y for Food Packaging Applications, Foods, 11, 360, 2022.
- Valdés, A., Burgos, N., Jiménez, A., and Garrigós, M.C. Natural Pectin Polysaccharides as Edible Coatings, Coatings, 5(4), 865-886, 2015.
- Mohnen, D. Pectin structure and biosynthesis, Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 11(3), 266-277, 2008.
- Lara-Espinoza, C., Carvajal-Millán, E., Balandrán-Quintana, R., López-Franco, Y., and Rascón-Chu, A. Pectin and Pectin-Based Composite Materials: Beyond Food Texture, Molecules, 23(4), 942, 2018.
- Sriamornsak, P. Application of pectin in oral drug delivery, Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 8(8), 1009-1023, 2011.
- Marangoni Júnior, L., Fozzatti, C.R., Jamróz, E., Vieira R.P., and Alves, R.M.V. Biopolymer-Based Films from Sodium Alginate and Citrus Pectin Reinforced with SiO2, Materials, 15(11), 3881, 2022.
- Picot-Allain, M.C.N., Ramasawmy, B., and Emmambux, M.N. Extraction, Characterisation, and Application of Pectin from Tropical and Sub-Tropical Fruits: A Review, Food Reviews International, 38(3), 282-312, 2022.
- Pothan, L.A., Oommen, Z., and Thomas, S. Dynamic mechanical analysis of banana fiber reinforced polyester composites, Compos Sci Technol, 63, 283–293, 2003.
- Baiardo, M., Zini, E., and Scandola, M. Flax fibre–polyester composites, Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 35(6), 703-710, 2004.
- Monteiro, S.N., Terrones, L.A.H., and D’Almeida, J.R.M. Mechanical performance of coir fiber/polyester composites, Polymer Testing, 27(5), 591-595, 2008.
- Senthilkumar, K., Rajini, N., Saba, N., and et al. Effect of Alkali Treatment on Mechanical and Morphological Properties of Pineapple Leaf Fibre/Polyester Composites, J Polym Environ, 27, 1191–1201, 2019.
- Dağ, M., Yanen, C., and Aydoğmuş, E. Effect of Boron Factory Components on Thermophysical Properties of Epoxy Composite, European Journal of Science and Technology, 36, 151–154, 2022.
- Orhan, R., Aydoğmuş, E., Topuz, S., and Arslanoğlu, H. Investigation of thermo-mechanical characteristics of borax reinforced polyester composites, Journal of Building Engineering, 42, 103051, 2021.
- Yanen, C., Dağ, M., and Aydoğmuş, E. Investigation of Thermophysical Properties of Colemanite, Ulexite, and Tincal Reinforced Polyester Composites, European Journal of Science and Technology, 36, 155–159, 2022.
- Yilmaz, E., Aydoğmuş, E., and Demir, A. Life Cycle Assessment and Characterization of Tincal Ore Reinforced Polyester and Vinylester Composites, Journal of the Turkish Chemical Society Section B: Chemical Engineering, 5(2), 183-194, 2022.
- Aydoğmuş, E., and Arslanoğlu, H. Kinetics of thermal decomposition of the polyester nanocomposites, Petroleum Science and Technology, 39(13–14), 484–500, 2021.
- Şahal, H., and Aydoğmuş, E. Investigation of Thermophysical Properties of Polyester Composites Produced with Synthesized MSG and Nano-Alumina, European Journal of Science and Technology, 34, 95-99, 2022.
- Şahal, H., Aydoğmuş, E., and Arslanoğlu, H. Investigation of thermophysical properties of synthesized SA and nano-alumina reinforced polyester composites, Petroleum Science and Technology, 1–17, 2022.
- Pekdemir, M. E., Aydoğmuş, E., and Arslanoğlu, H. (2023). Thermal decomposition kinetics of synthesized poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) and Fe3O4 coated nanocomposite: Evaluation of calculated activation energy by RSM. Petroleum Science and Technology, 1-19, 2023.
- Aydoğmuş, E., Aydın, M., and Arslanoğlu, H. Production and characterization of microsphere reinforced polyester composite: Modeling of thermal decomposition with ANN and optimization studies by RSM. Petroleum Science and Technology, 1-17, 2022.
- Yanen, C., and Aydoğmuş, E. Characterization of Thermo-Physical Properties of Nanoparticle Reinforced the Polyester Nanocomposite, Dicle University Journal of the Institute of Natural and Applied Science, 10(2), 121–132, 2021.
- Aydoğmuş, E., Arslanoğlu, H., and Dağ, M. Production of waste polyethylene terephthalate reinforced biocomposite with RSM design and evaluation of thermophysical properties by ANN, Journal of Building Engineering, 44, 103337, 2021.
- Aydoğmuş, E., Dağ, M., Yalçın, Z. G., and Arslanoğlu, H. Synthesis and characterization of EPS reinforced modified castor oil-based epoxy biocomposite, Journal of Building Engineering, 47, 103897, 2022.
- Demirel, M. H., and Aydoğmuş, E. Production and Characterization of Waste Mask Reinforced Polyester Composite, Journal of Inonu University Health Services Vocational School. 10(1), 41-49, 2022.
- Demirel, M. H., and Aydoğmuş, E. Waste Polyurethane Reinforced Polyester Composite, Production and Characterization, Journal of the Turkish Chemical Society Section A: Chemistry, 9(1), 443–452, 2022.
- Aydoğmuş, E. Biohybrid nanocomposite production and characterization by RSM investigation of thermal decomposition kinetics with ANN, Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery, 12, 4799-4816, 2022.
- Şahal, H., and Aydoğmuş, E. Production and Characterization of Palm Oil Based Epoxy Biocomposite by RSM Design, Hittite Journal of Science and Engineering, 8(4), 287-297, 2021.
- Aydoğmuş, E., Dağ, M., Yalçın, Z. G., and Arslanoğlu, H. Synthesis and characterization of waste polyethylene reinforced modified castor oil‐based polyester biocomposite, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 139, e525256, 2022.
- Orhan, R., and Aydoğmuş, E. Investigation of some thermophysical properties of Asphodelus aestivus reinforced polyester composite, Firat University Journal of Experimental and Computational Engineering 1(3), 103-109, 2022.
- Orhan, R., and Aydoğmuş, E. Production and Characterization of Waste Corncob Reinforced Polyester Composite, European Journal of Science and Technology Special Issue. 42, 176-179, 2022.
- Buran, A., Durğun, M. E., and Aydoğmuş, E. Cornus alba Reinforced Polyester-Epoxy Hybrid Composite Production and Characterization, European Journal of Science and Technology, 43, 99-103, 2022.
- Buran, A., Durğun, M. E., Aydoğmuş, E., and Arslanoğlu, H. Determination of thermophysical properties of Ficus elastica leaves reinforced epoxy composite, Firat University Journal of Experimental and Computational Engineering, 2(1), 12-22, 2023.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Engineering |
| Journal Section | Articles |
| Authors | |
| Early Pub Date | February 28, 2023 |
| Publication Date | February 28, 2023 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2023 Issue: 48 |
