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Health behaviors changing and attitudes about restriction measures in people who applied to a hospital outpatient clinic during the pandemic period and the factors they were associated with

Year 2022, Volume: 7 Issue: 3, 405 - 421, 20.10.2022
https://doi.org/10.35232/estudamhsd.1036620

Abstract

It was aimed to examine that firstly changes in health behaviors that are including physical activity, healthy eating, change in the
amount of cigarettes smoked, and secondly attitudes regarding restriction measures during pandemic with their associated factors. It
was conducted by applying a face-to-face interview technique to individuals over the age of 18 who applied to an university hospital
outpatient clinics. 1081 (86.4%) people were reached. An attitude score was obtained by scoring the answers to the questions created
to evaluate the attitudes about the restraint measures, with higher values indicating more support. 6.5% of the participants stated that
the level of physical activity increased, 62.1% decreased; 22% stated that they have a healthier diet, 17.9% stated that they have a
more unhealthy diet. 9.9% of smokers stated that the amount of cigarettes they smoked decreased, while 30% stated that it increased.
According to regression model, the risk of decreased physical activity level is higher in the highest income group (OR; 95% CI:
1.629;1.013-2.619), and in those were catching COVID-19 (1.451; 1.0149-2.076). This risk is increased in groups concerned about the
transmission of COVID-19, except for those who are partially concerned. This risk is lower in different age groups, including the age
group of 36-65, compared to the 18-25 age group. The risk of more unhealthy diets is lower in different age groups, which includes 46
years and older. People with a history of catching COVID-19 have a higher risk of increased cigarette smoking (2.205; 1.318-3.689).
The restrictions that the participants think are very necessary or necessary at a lower rate are the curfew with 61%, the closure of
schools with 66%. Those who consider it very necessary or partially necessary for all of the other restriction measures evaluated are
over 70%. Attitude score increases from the group with no worries to the group who is very worried about the transmission of COVID-19
(p<0,001). It is seen that there is a significant deterioration in health behaviors during the pandemic period. It may be recommended to
organize health promotion programs that primarily consider higher-risk groups for negative behavioral changes. The high support of
restriction measures may be the factor that played a role in the success of these practices in suppressing the epidemic.

References

  • 1. Wikipedia contributors. Türkiye’de COVID-19 pandemisi zaman çizelgesi [Internet]. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Available from: https://tr. wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=T%C3% BCrkiye%27de_COVID-19_pandemisi_z aman_%C3%A7izelgesi&oldid=28528590
  • 2. Ilhan MN, Tüzün H, Kiliç R, Yildirim N. Nonpharmaceutical interventions in Turkey and worldwide during COVID-19 pandemic. Turk J Med Sci [Internet]. 2021;51(SI-1):3207–14. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.3906/sag-2106-210
  • 3. Herle M, Smith AD, Bu F, Steptoe A, Fancourt D. Trajectories of eating behavior during COVID-19 lockdown: Longitudinal analyses of 22,374 adults. Clin Nutr ESPEN [Internet]. 2021;42: 158–65. Available from: http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.01.046
  • 4. Zvolensky MJ, Garey L, Rogers AH, Schmidt NB, Vujanovic AA, Storch EA, et al. Psychological, addictive, and health behavior implications of the COVID-19 pandemic. Behav Res Ther [Internet]. 2020;134(103715):103715. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brat. 2020.103715
  • 5. Knell G, Robertson MC, Dooley EE, Burford K, Mendez KS. Health behavior changes during COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent “Stay-at-Home” orders. Int J Environ Res Public Health [Internet]. 2020;17(17):6268. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176268
  • 6. Sidor A, Rzymski P. Dietary Choices and Habits during COVID-19 Lockdown: Experience from Poland. Nutrients [Internet]. 2020;12(6):1657. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu 12061657
  • 7. Rodríguez-Pérez C, Molina-Montes E, Verardo V, Artacho R, García-Villanova B, Guerra-Hernández EJ, et al. Changes in dietary behaviours during the COVID-19 outbreak confinement in the Spanish COVIDiet study. Nutrients [Internet]. 2020;12(6):1730. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ nu12061730
  • 8. Volkow ND. Collision of the COVID-19 and addiction epidemics. Ann Intern Med [Internet]. 2020;173(1):61–2. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/M20- 1212
  • 9. Di Renzo L, Gualtieri P, Pivari F, Soldati L, Attinà A, Cinelli G, et al. Eating habits and lifestyle changes during COVID-19 lockdown: an Italian survey. J Transl Med [Internet]. 2020;18(1):229. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/ s12967-020-02399-5
  • 10. Flaxman S, Mishra S, Gandy A, Unwin HJT, Mellan TA, Coupland H, et al. Estimating the effects of non-pharmaceutical interventions on COVID-19 in Europe. Nature [Internet]. 2020;584(7820):257–61. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-24 05-7
  • 11. Petersen E, Gökengin D, Al Balushi A, Zumla A. One and a half years into the COVID-19 pandemic - exit strategies and efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines for holistic management and achieving global control. Turk J Med Sci [Internet]. 2021;51(SI-1):3157–61. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.3906/sag-2106-236
  • 12. Ritchie H, Mathieu E, Rodés-Guirao L, Appel C, Giattino C, Ortiz-Ospina E, et al. Coronavirus Pandemic (COVID-19). Our World in Data [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2022 Sep 22]; Available from: https://ourworldindata.org/covid-vaccinat ions
  • 13. Noncommunicable diseases [Internet]. Who.int. [cited 2022 Sep 22]. Available from: https://www.who.int/health-topics/ noncommunicable-diseases
  • 14. Ferrante G, Camussi E, Piccinelli C, Senore C, Armaroli P, Ortale A, et al. Did social isolation during the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic have an impact on the lifestyles of citizens? Epidemiol Prev [Internet]. 2020;44(5-6 Suppl 2):353–62. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.19191/EP20. 5-6.S2.137
  • 15. Kriaucioniene V, Bagdonaviciene L, Rodríguez-Pérez C, Petkeviciene J. Associations between changes in health behaviours and body weight during the COVID-19 quarantine in Lithuania: The Lithuanian COVIDiet study. Nutrients [Internet]. 2020;12(10). Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12103119
  • 16. Birinci Ş, Ülgü M. Health Statistics Yearbook 2019 [Internet]. Ankara: Ministry of Health of Turkey; 2020. Available from: https://www.saglik.gov.tr/ TR,84966/saglik-istatistikleri-yilligi-2019- yayinlanmistir.html
  • 17. Hu Z, Lin X, Chiwanda Kaminga A, Xu H. Impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on lifestyle behaviors and their association with subjective well-being among the general population in Mainland China: Cross-sectional study. J Med Internet Res [Internet]. 2020;22(8):e21176. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.2196/21176
  • 18. Đogaš Z, Lušić Kalcina L, Pavlinac Dodig I, Demirović S, Madirazza K, Valić M, et al. The effect of COVID-19 lockdown on lifestyle and mood in Croatian general population: a cross-sectional study. Croat Med J [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2022 Sep 22];61(4):309–18. Available from: https://hrcak.srce.hr/255101
  • 19. Robinson E, Boyland E, Chisholm A, Harrold J, Maloney NG, Marty L, et al. Obesity, eating behavior and physical activity during COVID-19 lockdown: A study of UK adults. Appetite [Internet]. 2021;156(104853):104853. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.appet. 2020.104853
  • 20. Rodríguez-Larrad A, Mañas A, Labayen I, González-Gross M, Espin A, Aznar S, et al. Impact of COVID-19 confinement on physical activity and sedentary behaviour in Spanish university students: Role of gender. Int J Environ Res Public Health [Internet]. 2021;18(2):369. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390 /ijerph18020369
  • 21. Goethals L, Barth N, Guyot J, Hupin D, Celarier T, Bongue B. Impact of home quarantine on physical activity among older adults living at home during the COVID-19 pandemic: Qualitative interview study. JMIR aging [Internet]. 2020;3(1):e19007. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/19007
  • 22. Castañeda-Babarro A, Arbillaga-Etxarri A, Gutiérrez-Santamaría B, Coca A. Physical Activity Change during COVID-19 Confinement. Int J Environ Res Public Health [Internet]. 2020;17(18). Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186878
  • 23. Werneck AO, Silva DR, Malta DC, Gomes CS, Souza-Júnior PR, Azevedo LO, et al. Associations of sedentary behaviours and incidence of unhealthy diet during the COVID-19 quarantine in Brazil. Public Health Nutr [Internet]. 2021;24(3):422–6. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S13689800200 04188
  • 24. Yilmaz HÖ, Aslan R, Unal C. The effect of the COVID-19 outbreak on eating habits and food purchasing behaviors of university students. Kesmas Natl Public Health J [Internet]. 2020;15(3). Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.21109/ kesmas. v15i3.3897
  • 25. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı. Tütün Kontrolü Strateji Belgesi ve Eylem Planı 2018-2023 [Internet]. Ankara: T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı; 2018. Available from: https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/tr/bagimliliklam ucadele-haberler/2018-2023-t%C3%BCt %C3%BCn-kontrol%C3%BC-strateji-bel gesi-ve-eylem-plan%C4%B1.html
  • 26. Hopkinson NS, Rossi N, El-Sayed Moustafa J, Laverty AA, Quint JK, Freidin M, et al. Current smoking and COVID-19 risk: results from a population symptom app in over 2.4 million people. Thorax [Internet]. 2021;76(7):714–22. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ thoraxjnl-2020-216422
  • 27. Czeisler MÉ, Tynan MA, Howard ME, Honeycutt S, Fulmer EB, Kidder DP, et al. Public attitudes, behaviors, and beliefs related to COVID-19, stay-at-home orders, nonessential business closures, and public health guidance — United States, New York city, and Los Angeles, may 5–12, 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep [Internet]. 2020;69(24):751–8. Available from: http: //dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6924e1
  • 28. Lemacks JL, Greer T, Aras S, Abbott L, Willis D, Gipson J, et al. Social determinants of health related to stay-at-home order adherence and social distancing attitudes among a diverse Deep South population. BMC Public Health [Internet]. 2021; 21(1):2145. Available from: http://dx. doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-12093-w
  • 29. Al-Hanawi MK, Angawi K, Alshareef N, Qattan AMN, Helmy HZ, Abudawood Y, et al. Knowledge, attitude and practice toward COVID-19 among the public in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study. Front Public Health [Internet]. 2020;8:217. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh. 2020.00217
  • 30. Peretti-Watel P, Seror V, Cortaredona S, Launay O, Raude J, Verger P, et al. Attitudes about COVID-19 lockdown among general population, France, march 2020. Emerg Infect Dis [Internet]. 2021;27(1):301–3. Available from: http: //dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2701.201377
  • 31. Islam MS, Ullah MA, Islam US, Hossain S, Araf Y, Das A, et al. Influence on attitudes and lifestyle due to lockdown amidst COVID-19 pandemic: a perception-based analysis among Bangladeshi residents. BMC Public Health [Internet]. 2021;21(1):1974. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/ s12889-021-12012-z

PANDEMİ DÖNEMİNDE BİR HASTANE POLİKLİNİĞİNE BAŞVURAN KİŞİLERDE SAĞLIK DAVRANIŞLARI DEĞİŞİMİ VE KISITLAMA ÖNLEMLERİ HAKKINDAKİ TUTUMLAR İLE İLİŞKİLİ OLDUKLARI FAKTÖRLER

Year 2022, Volume: 7 Issue: 3, 405 - 421, 20.10.2022
https://doi.org/10.35232/estudamhsd.1036620

Abstract

Pandemi döneminde fiziksel aktivite, sağlıklı beslenme, içilen sigara miktarında değişimi içeren sağlık davranışları değişimi ve
kısıtlama önlemleri hakkındaki tutumlar ile bunların ilişkili oldukları faktörlerin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bir üniversite hastanesi
polikliniklerine başvuran 18 yaş üstü bireylerde yüz yüze görüşme tekniği ile anket uygulanarak yürütülmüş, 1081(%86,4) kişiye
ulaşılmıştır. Kısıtlama önlemleri hakkındaki tutumları değerlendirmek üzere oluşturulan sorulara verilen cevaplar, yüksek değerler
daha çok desteklemeyi belirtecek biçimde puanlanarak tutum skoru elde edilmiştir. Katılımcıların %6,5’i fiziksel aktivite düzeyinin
arttığını, %62,1’i azaldığını; %22’si daha sağlıklı beslendiğini, %17,9’u daha sağlıksız beslendiğini belirtmiştir. Sigara içenlerin %9,9’u
içtikleri sigara miktarının azaldığını, %30’u arttığını belirtmiştir. Lojistik regresyon modeline göre, fiziksel aktivite düzeyinde azalma
riski, en üst gelir grubunda (OR; %95 GA: 1,629; 1,013-2,619) ve COVID-19 geçirenlerde (1,451; 1,149-2,076) daha yüksektir. Bu risk,
kısmen endişeli olanlar hariç, COVID-19 bulaşından endişeli olan gruplarda artmakta,18-25 yaş grubuna göre ise, 36-65 arasını içeren
farklı yaş gruplarında daha azalmaktadır. Daha sağlıksız beslenme riski 46 yaş ve üzerini içeren farklı yaş gruplarında daha düşüktür.
COVID-19 geçirme öyküsü olanlarda içilen sigara miktarında artış riski daha yüksektir (2,205; 1,318-3,689). Katılımcıların daha düşük
oranda çok gerekli ya da gerekli olduklarını düşündükleri kısıtlama uygulamaları %61’le sokağa çıkma yasağı, %66’ıyla okulların
kapatılmasıdır. İncelenen diğer kısıtlama önlemlerinin tümü için çok gerekli ya da kısmen gerekli olduğunu düşünenler %70’in
üzerindedir. Tutum skoru COVID-19 bulaşından hiç endişesi olmayan gruptan, çok endişeli gruba doğru artmaktadır (p<0,001).
Pandemi döneminde sağlık davranışlarında önemli derecede kötüleşme yaşandığı görülmektedir. Davranış değişimleri için daha
yüksek riskli grupları öncelikle dikkate alan sağlığı geliştirme programları düzenlenmesi önerilebilir. Kısıtlama uygulamalarının yüksek
oranda desteklenmesi, bu uygulamaların salgını baskılamada başarılı olmasında rol oynayan bir faktör olabilir.

References

  • 1. Wikipedia contributors. Türkiye’de COVID-19 pandemisi zaman çizelgesi [Internet]. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Available from: https://tr. wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=T%C3% BCrkiye%27de_COVID-19_pandemisi_z aman_%C3%A7izelgesi&oldid=28528590
  • 2. Ilhan MN, Tüzün H, Kiliç R, Yildirim N. Nonpharmaceutical interventions in Turkey and worldwide during COVID-19 pandemic. Turk J Med Sci [Internet]. 2021;51(SI-1):3207–14. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.3906/sag-2106-210
  • 3. Herle M, Smith AD, Bu F, Steptoe A, Fancourt D. Trajectories of eating behavior during COVID-19 lockdown: Longitudinal analyses of 22,374 adults. Clin Nutr ESPEN [Internet]. 2021;42: 158–65. Available from: http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.01.046
  • 4. Zvolensky MJ, Garey L, Rogers AH, Schmidt NB, Vujanovic AA, Storch EA, et al. Psychological, addictive, and health behavior implications of the COVID-19 pandemic. Behav Res Ther [Internet]. 2020;134(103715):103715. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brat. 2020.103715
  • 5. Knell G, Robertson MC, Dooley EE, Burford K, Mendez KS. Health behavior changes during COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent “Stay-at-Home” orders. Int J Environ Res Public Health [Internet]. 2020;17(17):6268. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176268
  • 6. Sidor A, Rzymski P. Dietary Choices and Habits during COVID-19 Lockdown: Experience from Poland. Nutrients [Internet]. 2020;12(6):1657. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu 12061657
  • 7. Rodríguez-Pérez C, Molina-Montes E, Verardo V, Artacho R, García-Villanova B, Guerra-Hernández EJ, et al. Changes in dietary behaviours during the COVID-19 outbreak confinement in the Spanish COVIDiet study. Nutrients [Internet]. 2020;12(6):1730. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ nu12061730
  • 8. Volkow ND. Collision of the COVID-19 and addiction epidemics. Ann Intern Med [Internet]. 2020;173(1):61–2. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/M20- 1212
  • 9. Di Renzo L, Gualtieri P, Pivari F, Soldati L, Attinà A, Cinelli G, et al. Eating habits and lifestyle changes during COVID-19 lockdown: an Italian survey. J Transl Med [Internet]. 2020;18(1):229. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/ s12967-020-02399-5
  • 10. Flaxman S, Mishra S, Gandy A, Unwin HJT, Mellan TA, Coupland H, et al. Estimating the effects of non-pharmaceutical interventions on COVID-19 in Europe. Nature [Internet]. 2020;584(7820):257–61. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-24 05-7
  • 11. Petersen E, Gökengin D, Al Balushi A, Zumla A. One and a half years into the COVID-19 pandemic - exit strategies and efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines for holistic management and achieving global control. Turk J Med Sci [Internet]. 2021;51(SI-1):3157–61. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.3906/sag-2106-236
  • 12. Ritchie H, Mathieu E, Rodés-Guirao L, Appel C, Giattino C, Ortiz-Ospina E, et al. Coronavirus Pandemic (COVID-19). Our World in Data [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2022 Sep 22]; Available from: https://ourworldindata.org/covid-vaccinat ions
  • 13. Noncommunicable diseases [Internet]. Who.int. [cited 2022 Sep 22]. Available from: https://www.who.int/health-topics/ noncommunicable-diseases
  • 14. Ferrante G, Camussi E, Piccinelli C, Senore C, Armaroli P, Ortale A, et al. Did social isolation during the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic have an impact on the lifestyles of citizens? Epidemiol Prev [Internet]. 2020;44(5-6 Suppl 2):353–62. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.19191/EP20. 5-6.S2.137
  • 15. Kriaucioniene V, Bagdonaviciene L, Rodríguez-Pérez C, Petkeviciene J. Associations between changes in health behaviours and body weight during the COVID-19 quarantine in Lithuania: The Lithuanian COVIDiet study. Nutrients [Internet]. 2020;12(10). Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12103119
  • 16. Birinci Ş, Ülgü M. Health Statistics Yearbook 2019 [Internet]. Ankara: Ministry of Health of Turkey; 2020. Available from: https://www.saglik.gov.tr/ TR,84966/saglik-istatistikleri-yilligi-2019- yayinlanmistir.html
  • 17. Hu Z, Lin X, Chiwanda Kaminga A, Xu H. Impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on lifestyle behaviors and their association with subjective well-being among the general population in Mainland China: Cross-sectional study. J Med Internet Res [Internet]. 2020;22(8):e21176. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.2196/21176
  • 18. Đogaš Z, Lušić Kalcina L, Pavlinac Dodig I, Demirović S, Madirazza K, Valić M, et al. The effect of COVID-19 lockdown on lifestyle and mood in Croatian general population: a cross-sectional study. Croat Med J [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2022 Sep 22];61(4):309–18. Available from: https://hrcak.srce.hr/255101
  • 19. Robinson E, Boyland E, Chisholm A, Harrold J, Maloney NG, Marty L, et al. Obesity, eating behavior and physical activity during COVID-19 lockdown: A study of UK adults. Appetite [Internet]. 2021;156(104853):104853. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.appet. 2020.104853
  • 20. Rodríguez-Larrad A, Mañas A, Labayen I, González-Gross M, Espin A, Aznar S, et al. Impact of COVID-19 confinement on physical activity and sedentary behaviour in Spanish university students: Role of gender. Int J Environ Res Public Health [Internet]. 2021;18(2):369. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390 /ijerph18020369
  • 21. Goethals L, Barth N, Guyot J, Hupin D, Celarier T, Bongue B. Impact of home quarantine on physical activity among older adults living at home during the COVID-19 pandemic: Qualitative interview study. JMIR aging [Internet]. 2020;3(1):e19007. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/19007
  • 22. Castañeda-Babarro A, Arbillaga-Etxarri A, Gutiérrez-Santamaría B, Coca A. Physical Activity Change during COVID-19 Confinement. Int J Environ Res Public Health [Internet]. 2020;17(18). Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186878
  • 23. Werneck AO, Silva DR, Malta DC, Gomes CS, Souza-Júnior PR, Azevedo LO, et al. Associations of sedentary behaviours and incidence of unhealthy diet during the COVID-19 quarantine in Brazil. Public Health Nutr [Internet]. 2021;24(3):422–6. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S13689800200 04188
  • 24. Yilmaz HÖ, Aslan R, Unal C. The effect of the COVID-19 outbreak on eating habits and food purchasing behaviors of university students. Kesmas Natl Public Health J [Internet]. 2020;15(3). Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.21109/ kesmas. v15i3.3897
  • 25. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı. Tütün Kontrolü Strateji Belgesi ve Eylem Planı 2018-2023 [Internet]. Ankara: T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı; 2018. Available from: https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/tr/bagimliliklam ucadele-haberler/2018-2023-t%C3%BCt %C3%BCn-kontrol%C3%BC-strateji-bel gesi-ve-eylem-plan%C4%B1.html
  • 26. Hopkinson NS, Rossi N, El-Sayed Moustafa J, Laverty AA, Quint JK, Freidin M, et al. Current smoking and COVID-19 risk: results from a population symptom app in over 2.4 million people. Thorax [Internet]. 2021;76(7):714–22. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ thoraxjnl-2020-216422
  • 27. Czeisler MÉ, Tynan MA, Howard ME, Honeycutt S, Fulmer EB, Kidder DP, et al. Public attitudes, behaviors, and beliefs related to COVID-19, stay-at-home orders, nonessential business closures, and public health guidance — United States, New York city, and Los Angeles, may 5–12, 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep [Internet]. 2020;69(24):751–8. Available from: http: //dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6924e1
  • 28. Lemacks JL, Greer T, Aras S, Abbott L, Willis D, Gipson J, et al. Social determinants of health related to stay-at-home order adherence and social distancing attitudes among a diverse Deep South population. BMC Public Health [Internet]. 2021; 21(1):2145. Available from: http://dx. doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-12093-w
  • 29. Al-Hanawi MK, Angawi K, Alshareef N, Qattan AMN, Helmy HZ, Abudawood Y, et al. Knowledge, attitude and practice toward COVID-19 among the public in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study. Front Public Health [Internet]. 2020;8:217. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh. 2020.00217
  • 30. Peretti-Watel P, Seror V, Cortaredona S, Launay O, Raude J, Verger P, et al. Attitudes about COVID-19 lockdown among general population, France, march 2020. Emerg Infect Dis [Internet]. 2021;27(1):301–3. Available from: http: //dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2701.201377
  • 31. Islam MS, Ullah MA, Islam US, Hossain S, Araf Y, Das A, et al. Influence on attitudes and lifestyle due to lockdown amidst COVID-19 pandemic: a perception-based analysis among Bangladeshi residents. BMC Public Health [Internet]. 2021;21(1):1974. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/ s12889-021-12012-z
There are 31 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Public Health, Environmental Health
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Hakan Tüzün 0000-0002-6376-8979

Mehmet Alperen Özçelik This is me 0000-0002-8084-3408

Fatma Semanur Korkmaz Öner This is me 0000-0003-3570-4799

F. Nur Baran Aksakal 0000-0002-8624-3307

Publication Date October 20, 2022
Submission Date December 14, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 7 Issue: 3

Cite

Vancouver Tüzün H, Özçelik MA, Korkmaz Öner FS, Baran Aksakal FN. PANDEMİ DÖNEMİNDE BİR HASTANE POLİKLİNİĞİNE BAŞVURAN KİŞİLERDE SAĞLIK DAVRANIŞLARI DEĞİŞİMİ VE KISITLAMA ÖNLEMLERİ HAKKINDAKİ TUTUMLAR İLE İLİŞKİLİ OLDUKLARI FAKTÖRLER. ESTUDAM Public Health Journal. 2022;7(3):405-21.

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