Research Article
Year 2023,
Volume: 9 Issue: 6 - November 2023, 1327 - 1333, 04.11.2023
Abstract
References
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- 2. Lau C-P, Siu C-W, Yiu K-H, Lee KL-F, Chan Y-H, Tse H-F. Subclinical atrial fibrillation and stroke: insights from continuous monitoring by implanted cardiac electronic devices. Europace 2015;17 Suppl 2:ii40-6.
- 3. Zhou M, Wang H, Chen J, Zhao L. Epicardial adipose tissue and atrial fibrillation: Possible mechanisms, potential therapies, and future directions. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2020;43:133-45.
- 4. Shaihov-Teper O, Ram E, Ballan N, Brzezinski RY, Naftali-Shani N, Masoud R, et al. Extracellular Vesicles From Epicardial Fat Facilitate Atrial Fibrillation. Circulation 2021;143:2475-93.
- 5. Iacobellis G, Corradi D, Sharma AM. Epicardial adipose tissue: anatomic, biomolecular and clinical relationships with the heart. Nat Clin Pract Cardiovasc Med 2005;2:536-43.
- 6. Mazurek T, Kiliszek M, Kobylecka M, Skubisz-Gluchowska J, Kochman J, Filipiak K, et al. Relation of proinflammatory activity of epicardial adipose tissue to the occurrence of atrial fibrillation. Am J Cardiol 2014;113:1505-8.
- 7. Iacobellis G, Zaki MC, Garcia D, Willens HJ. Epicardial fat in atrial fibrillation and heart failure. Horm Metab Res 2014;46:587-90.
- 8. Boriani G, Vitolo M, Imberti JF, Potpara TS, Lip GYH. What do we do about atrial high rate episodes? Eur Heart J Suppl 2020;22:O42-O52.
- 9. Mahajan R, Perera T, Elliott AD, Twomey DJ, Kumar S, Munwar DA, et al. Subclinical device-detected atrial fibrillation and stroke risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Heart J 2018;39:1407-15.
- 10. Khan AA, Boriani G, Lip GYH. Are atrial high rate episodes (AHREs) a precursor to atrial fibrillation? Clin Res Cardiol 2020;109:409-416.
- 11. Sagris D, Georgiopoulos G, Pateras K, Perlepe K, Korompoki E, Milionis H, et al. Atrial high-rate episode duration thresholds and thromboembolic risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Heart Assoc 2021;10:e022487.
- 12. Iacobellis G, Willens HJ, Barbaro G, Sharma AM. Threshold values of high-risk echocardiographic epicardial fat thickness. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2008;16:887-92.
- 13. Bertaglia E, Blank B, Blomstrom-Lundqvist C, Brandes A, Cabanelas N, Dan GA, et al. Atrial high-rate episodes: prevalence, stroke risk, implications for management, and clinical gaps in evidence. Europace 2019;21:1459-67.
- 14. Glotzer TV, Hellkamp AS, Zimmerman J, Sweeney MO, Yee R, Marinchak R, et al. Atrial high rate episodes detected by pacemaker diagnostics predict death and stroke: report of the Atrial Diagnostics Ancillary Study of the MOde Selection Trial (MOST). Circulation 2003;107:1614-9.
- 15. Healey JS, Connolly SJ, Gold MR, Israel CW, Van Gelder IC, Capucci A, et al. Subclinical atrial fibrillation and the risk of stroke N Engl J Med. 2012;366:120-9.
- 16. Iacobellis G, Bianco AC. Epicardial adipose tissue: emerging physiological, pathophysiological and clinical features. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2011;22:450-7.
- 17. Batal O, Schoenhagen P, Shao M, Ayyad AE, Van Wagoner DR, Halliburton SS, et al. Left atrial epicardial adiposity and atrial fibrillation. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2010;3:230-6.
The relationship of epicardial fat and atrial high-rate episodes in patients with permanent pacemaker
Abstract
Objectives: Atrial high-rate episodes (AHRE) can occur in patients who have permanent pacemakers (PPM). AHRE is classified as subclinical atrial fibrillation (AF). Also, AHRE is related to clinical AF. Epicardial fat tissue (EFT) thickness is linked to AF. The purpose of this study was to examine the relation between AHRE and EFT thickness in PPM patients.
Methods: Forty patients with dual-chamber PPM were enrolled. Transthoracic echocardiography was used to measure the thickness of the EFT. Patients were examined in 2 groups according to whether there was AHRE in the records: group 1 (AHRE) and group 2 (AHRE-free). A high atrial rate of more than 175 beats per minute for more than 5 minutes was defined as AHRE. The findings of the standard 2-dimensional echocardiography and the Doppler echocardiography were all recorded. A statistical relationship between EFT thickness and the development of AF was investigated.
Results: Group 1 had ten patients, while Group 2 included thirty individuals. When the demographic features of the two groups were compared, they were similar. Both groups had similar 2-D echocardiographic and Doppler results. The difference in EFT thickness between groups 1 (2.0 ± 1.1 mm) and 2 (2.9 ± 1.8 mm) was not statistically significant (p = 0.138).
Conclusions: In patients with PPM, AHRE may develop after implantation and may be detected asymptomatically in periodic follow-up. In this population, we did not observe a significant association between EFT thickness and the development of AF.
References
- 1. Hindricks G, Potpara T, Dagres N, Arbelo E, Bax JJ, Blomstrom-Lundqvist C, et al. 2020 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS): The Task Force for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Developed with the special contribution of the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) of the ESC. Eur Heart J 2021;42:373-498.
- 2. Lau C-P, Siu C-W, Yiu K-H, Lee KL-F, Chan Y-H, Tse H-F. Subclinical atrial fibrillation and stroke: insights from continuous monitoring by implanted cardiac electronic devices. Europace 2015;17 Suppl 2:ii40-6.
- 3. Zhou M, Wang H, Chen J, Zhao L. Epicardial adipose tissue and atrial fibrillation: Possible mechanisms, potential therapies, and future directions. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2020;43:133-45.
- 4. Shaihov-Teper O, Ram E, Ballan N, Brzezinski RY, Naftali-Shani N, Masoud R, et al. Extracellular Vesicles From Epicardial Fat Facilitate Atrial Fibrillation. Circulation 2021;143:2475-93.
- 5. Iacobellis G, Corradi D, Sharma AM. Epicardial adipose tissue: anatomic, biomolecular and clinical relationships with the heart. Nat Clin Pract Cardiovasc Med 2005;2:536-43.
- 6. Mazurek T, Kiliszek M, Kobylecka M, Skubisz-Gluchowska J, Kochman J, Filipiak K, et al. Relation of proinflammatory activity of epicardial adipose tissue to the occurrence of atrial fibrillation. Am J Cardiol 2014;113:1505-8.
- 7. Iacobellis G, Zaki MC, Garcia D, Willens HJ. Epicardial fat in atrial fibrillation and heart failure. Horm Metab Res 2014;46:587-90.
- 8. Boriani G, Vitolo M, Imberti JF, Potpara TS, Lip GYH. What do we do about atrial high rate episodes? Eur Heart J Suppl 2020;22:O42-O52.
- 9. Mahajan R, Perera T, Elliott AD, Twomey DJ, Kumar S, Munwar DA, et al. Subclinical device-detected atrial fibrillation and stroke risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Heart J 2018;39:1407-15.
- 10. Khan AA, Boriani G, Lip GYH. Are atrial high rate episodes (AHREs) a precursor to atrial fibrillation? Clin Res Cardiol 2020;109:409-416.
- 11. Sagris D, Georgiopoulos G, Pateras K, Perlepe K, Korompoki E, Milionis H, et al. Atrial high-rate episode duration thresholds and thromboembolic risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Heart Assoc 2021;10:e022487.
- 12. Iacobellis G, Willens HJ, Barbaro G, Sharma AM. Threshold values of high-risk echocardiographic epicardial fat thickness. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2008;16:887-92.
- 13. Bertaglia E, Blank B, Blomstrom-Lundqvist C, Brandes A, Cabanelas N, Dan GA, et al. Atrial high-rate episodes: prevalence, stroke risk, implications for management, and clinical gaps in evidence. Europace 2019;21:1459-67.
- 14. Glotzer TV, Hellkamp AS, Zimmerman J, Sweeney MO, Yee R, Marinchak R, et al. Atrial high rate episodes detected by pacemaker diagnostics predict death and stroke: report of the Atrial Diagnostics Ancillary Study of the MOde Selection Trial (MOST). Circulation 2003;107:1614-9.
- 15. Healey JS, Connolly SJ, Gold MR, Israel CW, Van Gelder IC, Capucci A, et al. Subclinical atrial fibrillation and the risk of stroke N Engl J Med. 2012;366:120-9.
- 16. Iacobellis G, Bianco AC. Epicardial adipose tissue: emerging physiological, pathophysiological and clinical features. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2011;22:450-7.
- 17. Batal O, Schoenhagen P, Shao M, Ayyad AE, Van Wagoner DR, Halliburton SS, et al. Left atrial epicardial adiposity and atrial fibrillation. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2010;3:230-6.
There are 17 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Cardiovascular Surgery |
| Journal Section | Original Articles |
| Authors | |
| Early Pub Date | May 29, 2023 |
| Publication Date | November 4, 2023 |
| Submission Date | September 26, 2022 |
| Acceptance Date | November 12, 2022 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2023 Volume: 9 Issue: 6 - November 2023 |
e-ISSN: 2149-3189
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