Kimyasal metalurjide çevreci bir yaklaşım: Solvometalurji

Çisem Çelik Kurtulan; Şevki Samet Kaplan; Elif Güloğlu; Gökhan Orhan; Sebahattin Gürmen; Mehmet Şeref Sönmez

doi:10.17341/gazimmfd.1250678

Review

Kimyasal metalurjide çevreci bir yaklaşım: Solvometalurji

Year 2024, Volume: 39 Issue: 4, 2643 - 2654, 20.05.2024

Çisem Çelik Kurtulan Şevki Samet Kaplan Elif Güloğlu Gökhan Orhan Sebahattin Gürmen Mehmet Şeref Sönmez

https://doi.org/10.17341/gazimmfd.1250678

Abstract

Hidrometalurji metal ekstraksiyonunda sıkça kullanılan etkin ve bilinen bir yöntemdir. Ancak bu sistemlerde kullanılan yüksek miktarda su ve açığa çıkan atık asit miktarı sebebiyle, bilim dünyasında alternatif metot araştırma faaliyetleri her geçen gün artmaktadır. Bu noktada literatür incelendiğinde yeşil kimya ve solvometalurji kavramının ön plana çıktığı görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada solvometalurjik yöntemlerde kullanılan yeşil çözücüler tanımlanmış, iyonik sıvılar ve ötektik altı çözücüler hakkında bilgiler verilmiştir. Solvometalurjik yöntemlerin birincil hammaddelere uygulandığı örneklere yer verilmiş, bu bağlamda nadir toprak elementlerinin ve bakırın solvometalurjik yöntemlerle eldesi üzerine detaylı açıklamalarda bulunulmuştur. İkincil kaynaklardan hareketle; atık lityum iyon pillerin, floresan lamba atıklarının, hurda NdFeB ve SmCo mıknatısların, maden atıklarından solvometalurjik yöntemler kullanılarak metallerin geri kazanılması hakkında detaylı bilgiler verilmiştir. Sonuç olarak; solvometalurjinin hidrometalurjik temelli yöntemlere göre daha az su kullanımı başta olmak üzere üretimde kaynak kullanımını azaltma iddiası taşıdığı, solvometalurjik yöntemlerin uygulandığı birçok proseste gerek çözümlendirme verimleri, gerekse çözelti saflaştırma ve zenginleştirme oranlarının daha yüksek olduğu, bu yöntemlerin oda sıcaklığında çalışma olanağı ve geleneksel yöntemlerle karşılaştırıldığında çok daha düşük enerji tükettiği ifade edilmiştir. Solvometalurjik yöntemlerin araştırıldığı akademik çalışmaların önümüzdeki dönemlerde de artarak devam edeceğinin beklendiği, bununla birlikte yöntemin laboratuvar ölçeğinden yarı-endüstriyel hatta endüstriyel boyuta taşınmasına yönelik çalışmaların kısa-orta vadede artarak devam edeceğinin öngörüldüğü belirtilmiştir.

Keywords

Solvometalurji, Ekstraktif Metalurji, Geri Dönüşüm, Yeşil Kimya

Supporting Institution

Türkiye Enerji, Nükleer ve Maden Araştırma Kurumu Nadir Toprak Elementleri Araştırma Enstitüsü

Project Number

A8.H1.P3

Thanks

Yazarlar Türkiye Enerji, Nükleer ve Maden Araştırma Kurumu Nadir Toprak Elementleri Araştırma Enstitüsü tarafından desteklenen “Bastnazit Kompleks Cevherinden/Konsantresinden Nadir Toprak Elementlerinin Solvometalurjik Yöntemle Ekstraksiyonu Ve Oksitlerinin Üretimi” başlıklı ve A8.H1.P3 nolu proje için teşekkür eder.

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