Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Could the Novel Coronavirüs (Covid-19) Be a Biological Weapon? A Field Research on the Thoughts of the Individuals Living in Çorum Provience

Year 2022, Volume: 4 Issue: 1, 10 - 21, 27.02.2022
https://doi.org/10.52827/hititmedj.1021836

Abstract

Objective: The Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) appeared in Wuhan, China in December 2019. The coronavirus, which affected the whole world and spread rapidly in 2020, caused economic and psycho-social problems as well as the death of millions of people. While countries and organizations have taken measures to reduce the spread of the virus and its effects on humans, they have also been caught unprepared in the face of a sudden emerging and rapidly spreading pandemic. While people take care to comply with general measures in order to protect themselves and their families during this process due to the pandemic, they also witness changes in both social life and economic life worldwide. Therefore, people's thoughts about the novel coronavirus and its source, their opinions on anti-virus measures such as masks and social distance, and their opinions on their approach to vaccination are important. In this study, it was aimed to make a comprehensive analysis of the opinions of individuals living in the province of Çorum on the theory of whether the coronavirus is a biological weapon.


Material and Method:
The opinions of the individuals living in Çorum Province on the subject were obtained by the survey method and the data were analyzed statistically.

Results: A total of 640 people participated in the study. About 61% of the participants think that the coronovirus is a biological weapon. A statistically significant relationship was found between the education, occupation, and income status of the participants and their thoughts on whether COVID-19 is a biological weapon (P=0.001; P=0.004; P<0.001; P=0.001; P<0.001; P=0.022). No statistically significant correlation was found between the gender, marital status and place of residence of the participants and their thoughts on whether COVID-19 is a biological weapon (p>0.05).


Conclusion:
The coronavirus is similar to families of viruses that cause serious epidemics such as Ebola, MERS, and SARS.

References

  • 1. Erkekoğlu P, Gümüşel BK. Biyolojik savaş ajanları: Tarihçeleri, patofizyolojileri, tanıları, tedavileri ve önlemler. FABAD Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2018;43:81-111.
  • 2. Wheelis M, Biological warfare at the 1346 siege of Caffa. Emerging Infectious Diseases 2002;8:971-975.
  • 3. Trevisatano SI. The ‘Hittite plaque’ an epidemic of tularemia and the first record of biological warfare. Medical Hypotheses 2007;69:1371-1374.
  • 4. Wheelis M. A Short History of Biological Warfare and Weapons. In: M.I. Chevrier, K. Chomiczewski, H.Garrigue, G. Granasztoi, M. R. Dando, G.S. Pearson. editors. The Implementation of Legally Binding Measures to Strengthen the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention, Dordrecht: Springer; 2004:15-31.
  • 5. Greenfield RA, Drevets DA, Machado LJ, Vaskuhl GW, Cornea P, Bronze MS. Bacterial pathogens as biological weapons and agents of bioterrorism. The American Journal of The Medical Sciences 2002;323:299-315.
  • 6. Christopher GW, Chieslak TJ, Pavlin JA, Eitzen EM. Biological warfare, a historical perpective. JAMA 1997;278:412- 7.
  • 7. Atlas RM. The medical threat of biological weapons. Critical Rev Microbiol 1998;3:157-168.
  • 8. Atlas RA. Bioterrorism before and after September 11. Crit Rev Microbiol 2001;4:355–379.
  • 9. Durham B. The back ground and history of manmade disasters. Top Emerg Med 2002;24:1-14.
  • 10. Barenblatt D. A plague upon humanity: the secret genocide of axis Japan's germ warfare operation. London: Souvenir Press, 2006.
  • 11. Hıncal F, Erkekoglu P, Hıncal AA. Second World Congress on Chemical, Biological and Radiological Terrorism. "Proceedings-CBMTS III 2004. In: "The Threat of Chemical/Biological Terrorism and Warfare- The Perception and Views of University Students". Aberdeen, Maryland, ABD. 2003;188-191.
  • 12.World Health Organization (WHO), https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019 (Erişim tarihi 17 Nisan 2020).
  • 13.https://www.economist.com/china/2020/02/08/chinas-rulers-see-the-coronavirus-as-a-chance-to-tighten-their- Grip (Erişim tarihi 13 Mart 2020).
  • 14. Dikmen AU, Kına MH, Özkan S, İlhan MN. COVID-19 epidemiyolojisi: Pandemiden ne öğrendik? Journal of Biotechnology and Strategic Health Research 2020;4:29-36.
  • 15. Huang C, Wang Y, Li X et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. The Lancet 2020;395:497-506.
  • 16. Demirdöğen O, Yorulmaz R. Kovid-19 Salgınının Dünya Ekonomilerine Etkisi. Ortadoğu Araştırma Merkezi 2020;242:5-6.
  • 17. https://hub.jhu.edu/2020/03/06/covid-19-coronavirus-impacts-global-supply-chain/ (Erişim tarihi 13 Mart 2020).
  • 18. https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/ekonomi/turkiyenin-turizm-geliri-2019da-yuzde-17 artti/1719831 (Erişim tarihi 19 Nisan 2020).
  • 19.https://www.haberturk.com/son-dakika-haberi-icisleribakanligi-ndankoronavirus-genelgesi2618480 (Erişim Tarihi: 19 Mayıs 2020).
  • 20. https://tr.euronews.com/2020/03/18/koronavirusle-mucadele-esgudum-toplantisi-sonrasi-cumhurbaskan- erdogan-ulusa-sesleniyor (Erişim tarihi: 19 Nisan 2020).
  • 21. Abdelhafiz AS, Mohammed Z, Ibrahim ME et al. Knowledge, perceptions, and attitude of egyptians towards the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Journal of Community Health 2020; 45: 881–890.
  • 22. Nasir NM, Baequni B, Nurmansyah MI. Misinformation related to COVID-19 in Indonesia. Jurnal Administrasi Kesehatan Indonesia 2020;8:51-59.
  • 23. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3584408. 2020 (Erişim tarihi 6 Mayıs 2020).
  • 24. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340607042 (Erişim tarihi 6 Mayıs 2020).
  • 25. Seyran M, Pizzol D, Adadi P et al. Questions concerning the proximal origin of SARS‐CoV‐2. Journal of Medical Virology 2021;93:1204-1206.
  • 26. Andersen KG, Rambaut A, Lipkin WI, Holmes EC, Garry RF. The proximal origin of SARS-CoV-2. Nature Medicine 2020;26:450-452.
  • 27. Barh D, Andrade BS, Tiwari S et al. Natural selection versus creation: A literature review on the origin of SARS-COV-2. Infezioni in Medicina 2020;28:302-311.
  • 28. https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/origins-of-the-virus (Erişim tarihi: 15 Mayıs 2020).
  • 29.https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/inside-wuhan-lab-center-coronavirus-storm-n1236254. (https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/origins-of-the-virus (Erişim tarihi 20 Nisan 2020).
  • 30. Kiraz M. A Holistic Investigation of Global Outputs of Covid-19 Publications in Neurology and Neurosurgery. EJMI 2020;4:506–512.

Yeni Tip Koronavirüs (Covid-19) Biyolojik Bir Silah Olabilir mi? Çorum İlinde Yaşayan Bireylerin Düşünceleri Üzerine Bir Alan Araştırması

Year 2022, Volume: 4 Issue: 1, 10 - 21, 27.02.2022
https://doi.org/10.52827/hititmedj.1021836

Abstract

Amaç: Yeni tip Koronavirüs (COVID-19) 2019 yılının Aralık ayında Çin’in Wuhan kentinde ortaya çıkmıştır. 2020 yılında tüm dünyayı etkisi altına alan ve hızla yayılan koronavirüs, milyonlarca kişinin hayatını kaybetmesinin yanı sıra ekonomik ve psiko-sosyal sorunlara neden olmuştur. Ülkeler ve organizasyonlar bir yandan virüsün yayılmasını ve insanlara olan etkilerini azaltmak için tedbirler alırken, bir yandan da ani bir şekilde ortaya çıkan ve hızla yayılan bir pandemi karşısında hazırlıksız yakalanmışlardır. İnsanlar pandemi nedeniyle bu süreçte kendilerini ve ailelerini korumak amacıyla genel tedbirlere uymaya özen gösterirken, bir yandan da dünya genelinde gerek sosyal yaşamda gerek ekonomik yaşamda gerçekleşen değişikliklere şahitlik etmektedir. Bu nedenle insanların yeni tip koronavirüs ve kaynağı hakkındaki düşünceleri, maske ve sosyal mesafe gibi virüsten korunmaya yönelik tedbirler hakkındaki düşünceleri ve aşıya karşı yaklaşımlarına ilişkin düşünceleri önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışmada Çorum ilinde yaşayan bireylerin koronavirüsün biyolojik bir silah olup olmadığı teorisi hakkındaki düşüncelerinin kapsamlı bir analizinin yapılması amaçlanmıştır.


Gereç ve yöntem:
Çorum ilinde yaşayan bireylerin konu hakkındaki düşünceleri anket yöntemiyle elde edilmiş ve veriler istatistiksel olarak analiz edilmiştir.


Bulgular:
Çalışmaya toplam 640 kişi katılmıştır. Katılımcıların yaklaşık %61’i koronovirüsün biyolojik bir silah olduğunu düşünmektedir. Araştırmaya katılanların eğitim durumu, meslekleri ve gelir durumu ile COVID-19’un biyolojik silah olup olmadığı düşünceleri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ilişki bulunmuştur (P=0,001; P=0,004; P<0,001; P=0,001; P<0,001; P=0,022). Katılımcıların cinsiyeti, medeni durumu ve yaşadığı yer ile COVID-19’un biyolojik silah olup olmadığı düşünceleri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ilişki bulunamamıştır (p>0,05).


Sonuç:
Koronavirüs Ebola, MERS ve SARS gibi ciddi salgın hastalıklara neden olan virüs ailelerine benzemektedir.

References

  • 1. Erkekoğlu P, Gümüşel BK. Biyolojik savaş ajanları: Tarihçeleri, patofizyolojileri, tanıları, tedavileri ve önlemler. FABAD Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2018;43:81-111.
  • 2. Wheelis M, Biological warfare at the 1346 siege of Caffa. Emerging Infectious Diseases 2002;8:971-975.
  • 3. Trevisatano SI. The ‘Hittite plaque’ an epidemic of tularemia and the first record of biological warfare. Medical Hypotheses 2007;69:1371-1374.
  • 4. Wheelis M. A Short History of Biological Warfare and Weapons. In: M.I. Chevrier, K. Chomiczewski, H.Garrigue, G. Granasztoi, M. R. Dando, G.S. Pearson. editors. The Implementation of Legally Binding Measures to Strengthen the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention, Dordrecht: Springer; 2004:15-31.
  • 5. Greenfield RA, Drevets DA, Machado LJ, Vaskuhl GW, Cornea P, Bronze MS. Bacterial pathogens as biological weapons and agents of bioterrorism. The American Journal of The Medical Sciences 2002;323:299-315.
  • 6. Christopher GW, Chieslak TJ, Pavlin JA, Eitzen EM. Biological warfare, a historical perpective. JAMA 1997;278:412- 7.
  • 7. Atlas RM. The medical threat of biological weapons. Critical Rev Microbiol 1998;3:157-168.
  • 8. Atlas RA. Bioterrorism before and after September 11. Crit Rev Microbiol 2001;4:355–379.
  • 9. Durham B. The back ground and history of manmade disasters. Top Emerg Med 2002;24:1-14.
  • 10. Barenblatt D. A plague upon humanity: the secret genocide of axis Japan's germ warfare operation. London: Souvenir Press, 2006.
  • 11. Hıncal F, Erkekoglu P, Hıncal AA. Second World Congress on Chemical, Biological and Radiological Terrorism. "Proceedings-CBMTS III 2004. In: "The Threat of Chemical/Biological Terrorism and Warfare- The Perception and Views of University Students". Aberdeen, Maryland, ABD. 2003;188-191.
  • 12.World Health Organization (WHO), https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019 (Erişim tarihi 17 Nisan 2020).
  • 13.https://www.economist.com/china/2020/02/08/chinas-rulers-see-the-coronavirus-as-a-chance-to-tighten-their- Grip (Erişim tarihi 13 Mart 2020).
  • 14. Dikmen AU, Kına MH, Özkan S, İlhan MN. COVID-19 epidemiyolojisi: Pandemiden ne öğrendik? Journal of Biotechnology and Strategic Health Research 2020;4:29-36.
  • 15. Huang C, Wang Y, Li X et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. The Lancet 2020;395:497-506.
  • 16. Demirdöğen O, Yorulmaz R. Kovid-19 Salgınının Dünya Ekonomilerine Etkisi. Ortadoğu Araştırma Merkezi 2020;242:5-6.
  • 17. https://hub.jhu.edu/2020/03/06/covid-19-coronavirus-impacts-global-supply-chain/ (Erişim tarihi 13 Mart 2020).
  • 18. https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/ekonomi/turkiyenin-turizm-geliri-2019da-yuzde-17 artti/1719831 (Erişim tarihi 19 Nisan 2020).
  • 19.https://www.haberturk.com/son-dakika-haberi-icisleribakanligi-ndankoronavirus-genelgesi2618480 (Erişim Tarihi: 19 Mayıs 2020).
  • 20. https://tr.euronews.com/2020/03/18/koronavirusle-mucadele-esgudum-toplantisi-sonrasi-cumhurbaskan- erdogan-ulusa-sesleniyor (Erişim tarihi: 19 Nisan 2020).
  • 21. Abdelhafiz AS, Mohammed Z, Ibrahim ME et al. Knowledge, perceptions, and attitude of egyptians towards the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Journal of Community Health 2020; 45: 881–890.
  • 22. Nasir NM, Baequni B, Nurmansyah MI. Misinformation related to COVID-19 in Indonesia. Jurnal Administrasi Kesehatan Indonesia 2020;8:51-59.
  • 23. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3584408. 2020 (Erişim tarihi 6 Mayıs 2020).
  • 24. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340607042 (Erişim tarihi 6 Mayıs 2020).
  • 25. Seyran M, Pizzol D, Adadi P et al. Questions concerning the proximal origin of SARS‐CoV‐2. Journal of Medical Virology 2021;93:1204-1206.
  • 26. Andersen KG, Rambaut A, Lipkin WI, Holmes EC, Garry RF. The proximal origin of SARS-CoV-2. Nature Medicine 2020;26:450-452.
  • 27. Barh D, Andrade BS, Tiwari S et al. Natural selection versus creation: A literature review on the origin of SARS-COV-2. Infezioni in Medicina 2020;28:302-311.
  • 28. https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/origins-of-the-virus (Erişim tarihi: 15 Mayıs 2020).
  • 29.https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/inside-wuhan-lab-center-coronavirus-storm-n1236254. (https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/origins-of-the-virus (Erişim tarihi 20 Nisan 2020).
  • 30. Kiraz M. A Holistic Investigation of Global Outputs of Covid-19 Publications in Neurology and Neurosurgery. EJMI 2020;4:506–512.
There are 30 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Clinical Sciences
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Musa Kurtcu 0000-0002-2133-0020

Emre Demir 0000-0002-3834-3864

Murat Kiraz 0000-0001-6692-444X

Gülçin Aydoğdu 0000-0002-4653-4767

Publication Date February 27, 2022
Submission Date November 11, 2021
Acceptance Date February 7, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 4 Issue: 1

Cite

AMA Kurtcu M, Demir E, Kiraz M, Aydoğdu G. Yeni Tip Koronavirüs (Covid-19) Biyolojik Bir Silah Olabilir mi? Çorum İlinde Yaşayan Bireylerin Düşünceleri Üzerine Bir Alan Araştırması. Hitit Medical Journal. February 2022;4(1):10-21. doi:10.52827/hititmedj.1021836