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Immediate Effects of Suboccipital Release on Cervical Movement Sense in Subject with Forward Head Posture

Year 2023, Volume: 10 Issue: 2, 274 - 289, 31.08.2023

Mustafa Güven Cihan Caner Aksoy Merve Akdeniz Leblebicier

Abstract

Objectıves: This study was carried out to examine the immediate effect of suboccipital release (SR) applied to individuals with head-forward posture (FHP) disorder on the sensation of cervical motion.
Materıals and Methods: This study was completed with 31 individuals with a craniovertebral angle (CVA) below 54 degrees. The photogrammetry method was used to determine the CVAs of the participants. This measurement was made twice, before and after the application. SG was applied to the participants for 4 minutes. The cervical motion sensation of the participants was evaluated with the simple clinical cervical motion sensation assessment method before, after and one day after the application.
Results: In our study, the data of 31 individuals with CVA below 54 degrees were analyzed. While SR may cause immediate improvement in head-neck posture [t₍₃₀₎=-7.08, p<0.01], (d=1.27) it had no effect on the scores of cervical movement sensation [F₍₂₋₆₀₎ = 0.99 p>0.05].
Conclusion: Although SR applied in a single session can instantly correct the head-neck posture, it may not have an effect on the sensation of cervical motion. Therefore, in cases where it is desired to increase cervical proprioception momentarily, a single session and SG applied alone may not be successful.

Keywords

Proprioception myofascial release therapy posture

References

  • An, H. J., Kim, A. Y., & Park, S. J. (2021). Immediate Effects of Diaphragmatic Breathing with Cervical Spine Mobilization on the Pulmonary Function and Craniovertebral Angle in Patients with Chronic Stroke. Medicina, 57(8), 826. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57080826
  • Aparicio, É. Q., Quirante, L. B., Blanco, C. R., & Sendín, F. A. (2009). Immediate Effects of the Suboccipital Muscle Inhibition Technique in Subjects With Short Hamstring Syndrome. Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics, 32(4), 262-269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmpt.2009.03.006
  • Bijur, P. E., Silver, W., & Gallagher, E. J. (2001). Reliability of the Visual Analog Scale for Measurement of Acute Pain. Academic Emergency Medicine, 8(12), 1153-1157. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1553-2712.2001.tb01132.x
  • Briem, K., Huijbregts, P., & Thorsteinsdottir, M. (2007). Immediate Effects of Inhibitive Distraction on Active Range of Cervical Flexion in Patients with Neck Pain: A Pilot Study. Journal of Manual & Manipulative Therapy, 15(2), 82-92. https://doi.org/10.1179/106698107790819882
  • Can, A. (2014). SPSS ile bilimsel araştırma sürecinde nicel veri analizi. Pegem Akademi.
  • Cho, S.-H., & Kim, S.-H. (2016). Immediate effect of stretching and ultrasound on hamstring flexibility and proprioception. Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 28(6), 1806-1808. https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.28.1806
  • Choi, J.-H., & Lee, C.-H. (2021). Immediate Effects of VibratingFoam Rollers on NeckPain, Muscle Stiffness, and Cervical Proprioception in Patients with Forward Head Posture. 25(1), 889-894.
  • David, E., Amasay, T., Ludwig, K., & Shapiro, S. (2019). The Effect of Foam Rolling of the Hamstrings on Proprioception at the Knee and Hip Joints. International Journal of Exercise Science, 12(1), 343-354.
  • de Zoete, R. M. J., Osmotherly, P. G., Rivett, D. A., & Snodgrass, S. J. (2020). Seven cervical sensorimotor control tests measure different skills in individuals with chronic idiopathic neck pain. Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy, 24(1), 69-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjpt.2018.10.013
  • Ernst, M. J., Williams, L., Werner, I. M., Crawford, R. J., & Treleaven, J. (2019). Clinical assessment of cervical movement sense in those with neck pain compared to asymptomatic individuals. Musculoskeletal Science & Practice, 43, 64-69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msksp.2019.06.006
  • Gallego-Izquierdo, T., Arroba-Díaz, E., García-Ascoz, G., Val-Cano, M. D. A., Pecos-Martin, D., & Cano-de-la-Cuerda, R. (2020). Psychometric Proprieties of a Mobile Application to Measure the Craniovertebral Angle a Validation and Reliability Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(18), E6521. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186521
  • Garofolini, A., & Svanera, D. (2019). Fascial organisation of motor synergies: A hypothesis. European Journal of Translational Myology, 29(3). https://doi.org/10.4081/ejtm.2019.8313
  • Heredia Rizo, A. M., Pascual-Vaca, Á. O., Cabello, M. A., Blanco, C. R., Pozo, F. P., & Carrasco, A. L. (2012). Immediate effects of the suboccipital muscle inhibition technique in craniocervical posture and greater occipital nerve mechanosensitivity in subjects with a history of orthodontia use: A randomized trial. Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics, 35(6), 446-453. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmpt.2012.06.006
  • Kerry, C. (2003). Reliability of measuring natural head posture using the craniovertebral angle. Irish Ergonomics Review, 37.
  • Khan, A., Khan, Z., Bhati, P., & Hussain, M. E. (2020). Influence of Forward Head Posture on Cervicocephalic Kinesthesia and Electromyographic Activity of Neck Musculature in Asymptomatic Individuals. Journal of Chiropractic Medicine, 19(4), 230-240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcm.2020.07.002
  • Kim, B.-B., Lee, J.-H., Jeong, H.-J., & Cynn, H.-S. (2016). Effects of suboccipital release with craniocervical flexion exercise on craniocervical alignment and extrinsic cervical muscle activity in subjects with forward head posture. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology: Official Journal of the International Society of Electrophysiological Kinesiology, 30, 31-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelekin.2016.05.007
  • Kim, D.-H., Kim, C.-J., & Son, S.-M. (2018). Neck Pain in Adults with Forward Head Posture: Effects of Craniovertebral Angle and Cervical Range of Motion. Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives, 9(6), 309-313. https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2018.9.6.04
  • Kim, D.-H., & Kim, S.-Y. (2020). Comparison of immediate effects of sling-based manual therapy on specific spine levels in subjects with neck pain and forward head posture: A randomized clinical trial. Disability and Rehabilitation, 42(19), 2735-2742. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638288.2019.1571638
  • Kulkarni, V., Chandy, M. J., & Babu, K. S. (2001). Quantitative study of muscle spindles in suboccipital muscles of human foetuses. Neurology India, 49(4), 355-359.
  • Lakens, D. (2013). Calculating and reporting effect sizes to facilitate cumulative science: A practical primer for t-tests and ANOVAs. Frontiers in Psychology, 4. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00863
  • Lee, M.-Y., Lee, H.-Y., & Yong, M.-S. (2014). Characteristics of cervical position sense in subjects with forward head posture. Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 26(11), 1741-1743. https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.26.1741
  • Lee, S., Lee, Y., & Chung, Y. (2017). Effect of changes in head postures during use of laptops on muscle activity of the neck and trunk. Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science, 6(1), 33-38. https://doi.org/10.14474/ptrs.2017.6.1.33
  • Meltzer, K. R., Cao, T. V., Schad, J. F., King, H., Stoll, S. T., & Standley, P. R. (2010). In vitro modeling of repetitive motion injury and myofascial release. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies, 14(2), 162-171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbmt.2010.01.002
  • Michiels, S., De Hertogh, W., Truijen, S., November, D., Wuyts, F., & Van de Heyning, P. (2013). The assessment of cervical sensory motor control: A systematic review focusing on measuring methods and their clinimetric characteristics. Gait & Posture, 38(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2012.10.007
  • Mukaka, M. M. (2012). Statistics corner: A guide to appropriate use of correlation coefficient in medical research. Malawi Medical Journal: The Journal of Medical Association of Malawi, 24(3), 69-71.
  • Myles, P. S., Myles, D. B., Galagher, W., Boyd, D., Chew, C., MacDonald, N., & Dennis, A. (2017). Measuring acute postoperative pain using the visual analog scale: The minimal clinically important difference and patient acceptable symptom state. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 118(3), 424-429. https://doi.org/10.1093/bja/aew466
  • Nam, S. H., Son, S. M., Kwon, J. W., & Lee, N. K. (2013). The Intra- and Inter-rater Reliabilities of the Forward Head Posture Assessment of Normal Healthy Subjects. Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 25(6), 737-739. https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.25.737
  • Pérez-Martínez, C., Gogorza-Arroitaonandia, K., Heredia-Rizo, A. M., Salas-González, J., & Oliva-Pascual-Vaca, Á. (2020). INYBI: A New Tool for Self-Myofascial Release of the Suboccipital Muscles in Patients With Chronic Non-Specific Neck Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Spine, 45(21), E1367-E1375. https://doi.org/10.1097/BRS.0000000000003605
  • Shaghayegh Fard, B., Ahmadi, A., Maroufi, N., & Sarrafzadeh, J. (2016). Evaluation of forward head posture in sitting and standing positions. European Spine Journal: Official Publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society, 25(11), 3577-3582. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00586-015-4254-x
  • Sojitra, N., & Shukla, Y. (2020). A Study to Compare Immediate Effect of Suboccipital Muscle Inhibition Technique and Muscle Energy Technique on Hamstring Flexibility in Healthy Collegiate Subjects – An Interventional Study. Indian Journal of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy - An International Journal. https://doi.org/10.37506/ijpot.v14i3.9683
  • Swait, G., Rushton, A. B., Miall, R. C., & Newell, D. (2007). Evaluation of Cervical Proprioceptive Function: Optimizing Protocols and Comparison Between Tests in Normal Subjects. Spine, 32(24), E692-E701. https://doi.org/10.1097/BRS.0b013e31815a5a1b
  • Treleaven, J., Dillon, M., Fitzgerald, C., Smith, C., Wright, B., & Sarig-Bahat, H. (2021). Change in a clinical measure of cervical movement sense following four weeks of kinematic training. Musculoskeletal Science and Practice, 51, 102312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msksp.2020.102312
  • van Niekerk, S.-M., Louw, Q., Vaughan, C., Grimmer-Somers, K., & Schreve, K. (2008). Photographic measurement of upper-body sitting posture of high school students: A reliability and validity study. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 9(1), 113. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2474-9-113
  • Werner, I. M., Ernst, M. J., Treleaven, J., & Crawford, R. J. (2018). Intra and interrater reliability and clinical feasibility of a simple measure of cervical movement sense in patients with neck pain. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 19(1), 358. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-018-2287-0
  • Yamauchi, M., Yamamoto, M., Kitamura, K., Morita, S., Nagakura, R., Matsunaga, S., & Abe, S. (2017). Morphological classification and comparison of suboccipital muscle fiber characteristics. Anatomy & Cell Biology, 50(4), 247. https://doi.org/10.5115/acb.2017.50.4.247
  • Yong, M.-S., Lee, H.-Y., & Lee, M.-Y. (2016). Correlation between head posture and proprioceptive function in the cervical region. Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 28(3), 857-860. https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.28.857

Baş Önde Postür Bozukluğuna Sahip Bireylerde Suboksipital Gevşetmenin Kraniyovertebral Açı ve Servikal Hareket Hissine Anlık Etkisi

Year 2023, Volume: 10 Issue: 2, 274 - 289, 31.08.2023

Mustafa Güven Cihan Caner Aksoy Merve Akdeniz Leblebicier

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışma baş önde postür (BÖP) bozukluğuna sahip bireylere uygulanan suboksipital gevşetmenin (SG) servikal hareket hissine anlık etkisini incelemek amacıyla gerçekleştirildi.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya kraniyovertebral açısı (KVA) 54 derecenin altında olup servikal patolojisi bulunmayan bireyler dahil edildi. Katılımcıların KVA’larının belirlenmesinde fotogrametre yöntemi kullanıldı. Bu ölçüm uygulama öncesi ve sonrası olmak üzere iki defa yapıldı. Katılımcılara 4 dakika SG uygulandı. Katılımcıların servikal hareket hissi uygulama öncesi, uygulama sonrası ve uygulamadan bir gün sonra basit klinik servikal hareket hissi testiyle ölçüldü.
Bulgular: Çalışmamızda KVA’sı 54 derecenin altında 31 bireyin verileri analiz edildi. SG baş-boyun postüründe anlık olarak iyileşme meydana getirebilirken [t₍₃₀₎=-7,08, p<0,01], (d=1,27) servikal hareket hissine ait skorlara etkisi bulunmadı [F₍₂₋₆₀₎ = 0,99 p>0,05].
Sonuç: Tek seans uygulanan SG baş-boyun postürünü anlık olarak düzeltebilmesine rağmen servikal hareket hissi üzerine etkisi olmayabilir. Bu nedenle servikal propriyosepsiyonun anlık olarak arttırılması istenilen durumlarda tek seans ve tek başına uygulanan SG başarılı olmayabilir.

Keywords

Propriyosepsiyon miyofasyal gevşetme tedavisi postür

References

  • An, H. J., Kim, A. Y., & Park, S. J. (2021). Immediate Effects of Diaphragmatic Breathing with Cervical Spine Mobilization on the Pulmonary Function and Craniovertebral Angle in Patients with Chronic Stroke. Medicina, 57(8), 826. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57080826
  • Aparicio, É. Q., Quirante, L. B., Blanco, C. R., & Sendín, F. A. (2009). Immediate Effects of the Suboccipital Muscle Inhibition Technique in Subjects With Short Hamstring Syndrome. Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics, 32(4), 262-269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmpt.2009.03.006
  • Bijur, P. E., Silver, W., & Gallagher, E. J. (2001). Reliability of the Visual Analog Scale for Measurement of Acute Pain. Academic Emergency Medicine, 8(12), 1153-1157. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1553-2712.2001.tb01132.x
  • Briem, K., Huijbregts, P., & Thorsteinsdottir, M. (2007). Immediate Effects of Inhibitive Distraction on Active Range of Cervical Flexion in Patients with Neck Pain: A Pilot Study. Journal of Manual & Manipulative Therapy, 15(2), 82-92. https://doi.org/10.1179/106698107790819882
  • Can, A. (2014). SPSS ile bilimsel araştırma sürecinde nicel veri analizi. Pegem Akademi.
  • Cho, S.-H., & Kim, S.-H. (2016). Immediate effect of stretching and ultrasound on hamstring flexibility and proprioception. Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 28(6), 1806-1808. https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.28.1806
  • Choi, J.-H., & Lee, C.-H. (2021). Immediate Effects of VibratingFoam Rollers on NeckPain, Muscle Stiffness, and Cervical Proprioception in Patients with Forward Head Posture. 25(1), 889-894.
  • David, E., Amasay, T., Ludwig, K., & Shapiro, S. (2019). The Effect of Foam Rolling of the Hamstrings on Proprioception at the Knee and Hip Joints. International Journal of Exercise Science, 12(1), 343-354.
  • de Zoete, R. M. J., Osmotherly, P. G., Rivett, D. A., & Snodgrass, S. J. (2020). Seven cervical sensorimotor control tests measure different skills in individuals with chronic idiopathic neck pain. Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy, 24(1), 69-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjpt.2018.10.013
  • Ernst, M. J., Williams, L., Werner, I. M., Crawford, R. J., & Treleaven, J. (2019). Clinical assessment of cervical movement sense in those with neck pain compared to asymptomatic individuals. Musculoskeletal Science & Practice, 43, 64-69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msksp.2019.06.006
  • Gallego-Izquierdo, T., Arroba-Díaz, E., García-Ascoz, G., Val-Cano, M. D. A., Pecos-Martin, D., & Cano-de-la-Cuerda, R. (2020). Psychometric Proprieties of a Mobile Application to Measure the Craniovertebral Angle a Validation and Reliability Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(18), E6521. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186521
  • Garofolini, A., & Svanera, D. (2019). Fascial organisation of motor synergies: A hypothesis. European Journal of Translational Myology, 29(3). https://doi.org/10.4081/ejtm.2019.8313
  • Heredia Rizo, A. M., Pascual-Vaca, Á. O., Cabello, M. A., Blanco, C. R., Pozo, F. P., & Carrasco, A. L. (2012). Immediate effects of the suboccipital muscle inhibition technique in craniocervical posture and greater occipital nerve mechanosensitivity in subjects with a history of orthodontia use: A randomized trial. Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics, 35(6), 446-453. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmpt.2012.06.006
  • Kerry, C. (2003). Reliability of measuring natural head posture using the craniovertebral angle. Irish Ergonomics Review, 37.
  • Khan, A., Khan, Z., Bhati, P., & Hussain, M. E. (2020). Influence of Forward Head Posture on Cervicocephalic Kinesthesia and Electromyographic Activity of Neck Musculature in Asymptomatic Individuals. Journal of Chiropractic Medicine, 19(4), 230-240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcm.2020.07.002
  • Kim, B.-B., Lee, J.-H., Jeong, H.-J., & Cynn, H.-S. (2016). Effects of suboccipital release with craniocervical flexion exercise on craniocervical alignment and extrinsic cervical muscle activity in subjects with forward head posture. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology: Official Journal of the International Society of Electrophysiological Kinesiology, 30, 31-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelekin.2016.05.007
  • Kim, D.-H., Kim, C.-J., & Son, S.-M. (2018). Neck Pain in Adults with Forward Head Posture: Effects of Craniovertebral Angle and Cervical Range of Motion. Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives, 9(6), 309-313. https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2018.9.6.04
  • Kim, D.-H., & Kim, S.-Y. (2020). Comparison of immediate effects of sling-based manual therapy on specific spine levels in subjects with neck pain and forward head posture: A randomized clinical trial. Disability and Rehabilitation, 42(19), 2735-2742. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638288.2019.1571638
  • Kulkarni, V., Chandy, M. J., & Babu, K. S. (2001). Quantitative study of muscle spindles in suboccipital muscles of human foetuses. Neurology India, 49(4), 355-359.
  • Lakens, D. (2013). Calculating and reporting effect sizes to facilitate cumulative science: A practical primer for t-tests and ANOVAs. Frontiers in Psychology, 4. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00863
  • Lee, M.-Y., Lee, H.-Y., & Yong, M.-S. (2014). Characteristics of cervical position sense in subjects with forward head posture. Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 26(11), 1741-1743. https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.26.1741
  • Lee, S., Lee, Y., & Chung, Y. (2017). Effect of changes in head postures during use of laptops on muscle activity of the neck and trunk. Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science, 6(1), 33-38. https://doi.org/10.14474/ptrs.2017.6.1.33
  • Meltzer, K. R., Cao, T. V., Schad, J. F., King, H., Stoll, S. T., & Standley, P. R. (2010). In vitro modeling of repetitive motion injury and myofascial release. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies, 14(2), 162-171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbmt.2010.01.002
  • Michiels, S., De Hertogh, W., Truijen, S., November, D., Wuyts, F., & Van de Heyning, P. (2013). The assessment of cervical sensory motor control: A systematic review focusing on measuring methods and their clinimetric characteristics. Gait & Posture, 38(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2012.10.007
  • Mukaka, M. M. (2012). Statistics corner: A guide to appropriate use of correlation coefficient in medical research. Malawi Medical Journal: The Journal of Medical Association of Malawi, 24(3), 69-71.
  • Myles, P. S., Myles, D. B., Galagher, W., Boyd, D., Chew, C., MacDonald, N., & Dennis, A. (2017). Measuring acute postoperative pain using the visual analog scale: The minimal clinically important difference and patient acceptable symptom state. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 118(3), 424-429. https://doi.org/10.1093/bja/aew466
  • Nam, S. H., Son, S. M., Kwon, J. W., & Lee, N. K. (2013). The Intra- and Inter-rater Reliabilities of the Forward Head Posture Assessment of Normal Healthy Subjects. Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 25(6), 737-739. https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.25.737
  • Pérez-Martínez, C., Gogorza-Arroitaonandia, K., Heredia-Rizo, A. M., Salas-González, J., & Oliva-Pascual-Vaca, Á. (2020). INYBI: A New Tool for Self-Myofascial Release of the Suboccipital Muscles in Patients With Chronic Non-Specific Neck Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Spine, 45(21), E1367-E1375. https://doi.org/10.1097/BRS.0000000000003605
  • Shaghayegh Fard, B., Ahmadi, A., Maroufi, N., & Sarrafzadeh, J. (2016). Evaluation of forward head posture in sitting and standing positions. European Spine Journal: Official Publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society, 25(11), 3577-3582. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00586-015-4254-x
  • Sojitra, N., & Shukla, Y. (2020). A Study to Compare Immediate Effect of Suboccipital Muscle Inhibition Technique and Muscle Energy Technique on Hamstring Flexibility in Healthy Collegiate Subjects – An Interventional Study. Indian Journal of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy - An International Journal. https://doi.org/10.37506/ijpot.v14i3.9683
  • Swait, G., Rushton, A. B., Miall, R. C., & Newell, D. (2007). Evaluation of Cervical Proprioceptive Function: Optimizing Protocols and Comparison Between Tests in Normal Subjects. Spine, 32(24), E692-E701. https://doi.org/10.1097/BRS.0b013e31815a5a1b
  • Treleaven, J., Dillon, M., Fitzgerald, C., Smith, C., Wright, B., & Sarig-Bahat, H. (2021). Change in a clinical measure of cervical movement sense following four weeks of kinematic training. Musculoskeletal Science and Practice, 51, 102312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msksp.2020.102312
  • van Niekerk, S.-M., Louw, Q., Vaughan, C., Grimmer-Somers, K., & Schreve, K. (2008). Photographic measurement of upper-body sitting posture of high school students: A reliability and validity study. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 9(1), 113. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2474-9-113
  • Werner, I. M., Ernst, M. J., Treleaven, J., & Crawford, R. J. (2018). Intra and interrater reliability and clinical feasibility of a simple measure of cervical movement sense in patients with neck pain. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 19(1), 358. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-018-2287-0
  • Yamauchi, M., Yamamoto, M., Kitamura, K., Morita, S., Nagakura, R., Matsunaga, S., & Abe, S. (2017). Morphological classification and comparison of suboccipital muscle fiber characteristics. Anatomy & Cell Biology, 50(4), 247. https://doi.org/10.5115/acb.2017.50.4.247
  • Yong, M.-S., Lee, H.-Y., & Lee, M.-Y. (2016). Correlation between head posture and proprioceptive function in the cervical region. Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 28(3), 857-860. https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.28.857
There are 36 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Occupational Therapy
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Mustafa Güven 0000-0001-5666-3004

Cihan Caner Aksoy 0000-0003-0538-3613

Merve Akdeniz Leblebicier 0000-0002-6147-300X

Early Pub Date July 13, 2023
Publication Date August 31, 2023
Submission Date September 20, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 10 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Güven, M., Aksoy, C. C., & Akdeniz Leblebicier, M. (2023). Baş Önde Postür Bozukluğuna Sahip Bireylerde Suboksipital Gevşetmenin Kraniyovertebral Açı ve Servikal Hareket Hissine Anlık Etkisi. Hacettepe University Faculty of Health Sciences Journal, 10(2), 274-289. https://doi.org/10.21020/husbfd.1175568
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