Research Article
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Estimation of Gender by Costochondral Calcification Model Obtained from Computed Tomography Image

Year 2022, Volume: 19 Issue: 3, 471 - 476, 27.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.35440/hutfd.1122584

Abstract

Background: Gender estimation plays a key role in human identification. Between the various meas-urement methods of gender estimation from skeletal remains, the use of the calcification patterns of costal cartilages is highly suggested especially when the skull and pelvic bones are not available. The purpose of this study is to determine the patterns of costal cartilage calcifications in the Turkish popula-tion and to predict gender accordingly.
Materials and Methods: Our study was performed by using the Computed Tomography (CT) images of 200 individuals (100 female, 100 male) in the 20-60 age group who applied to Karabük University Train-ing and Research Hospital and had no costal pathology or surgery history. The classification of Rejta-rova et al. (2004) was used for the patterns of costal cartilage calcifications, and it was calculated the number and percentage of each pattern in male and female to estimate the gender.
Results: The results showed 193 (96.5%) individuals with calcification in the costal cartilages and 7 (3.5%) individuals without calcification in their costal cartilages, which 3 females and 4 males. Peripher-al pattern (Type I) showed 100% male gender prediction, while central pattern (Type II) showed female gender prediction with 92.3%. Type III was the most common pattern with 66.8% in the Turkish popula-tion.
Conclusions: As a result of this study, costal cartilage calcification models were obtained in the Turkish population using the method of Rejtarova et al (2004). Type I and Type II patterns showed high accuracy in terms of the usability of these models in predicting gender.

References

  • 1. Reppien K, Sejrsen B, Lynnerup N. Evaluation of post-mortem estimated dental age versus real age: a retrospective 21-year survey. Forensic science international. 2006;159:S84-S8.
  • 2. Giurazza F, Schena E, Del Vescovo R, Cazzato RL, Mortato L, Saccomandi P, et al., editors. Sex determination from scapular length measurements by CT scans images in a Caucasian population. 2013 35th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC); 2013: IEEE.
  • 3. Blau S, Hill A. Disaster victim identification: A review. Minerva. 2009;129.
  • 4. Baraybar JP. When DNA is not available, can we still identify people? Recommendations for best practice. Journal of Forensic Sciences. 2008;53(3):533-40.
  • 5. Sidhu R, Chandra S, Devi P, Taneja N, Sah K, Kaur N. Forensic importance of maxillary sinus in gender determination: A morphometric analysis from Western Uttar Pradesh, India. European Journal of General Dentistry. 2014;3(01):53-6.
  • 6. Stewart JH, Mccormick WF. A sex-and age-limited ossification pattern in human costal cartilages. American journal of clinical pathology. 1984;81(6):765-9.
  • 7. Scheuer L. Application of osteology to forensic medicine. Clinical Anatomy: The Official Journal of the American Association of Clinical Anatomists and the British Association of Clinical Anatomists. 2002;15(4):297-312.
  • 8. Fischer E, editor Verkalkungsformen der rippenknorpel. RöFo-Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet der Röntgenstrahlen und der bildgebenden Verfahren; 1955: © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart· New York.
  • 9. Nıshıno K. Studies on the human rib-cartilage. Kekkaku (Tuberculosis). 1969;44(4):131-7.
  • 10. Verma G, Hiran S. Sex determination by costal cartilage calcification. Ind J Rad. 1980;34:22-5.
  • 11. Elkeles A. Sex differences in the calcification of the costal cartilages. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 1966;14(5):456-62.
  • 12. Navani S, Shah JR, Levy PS. Determination of sex by costal cartilage calcification. The American journal of roentgenology, radium therapy, and nuclear medicine. 1970;108(4):771-4.
  • 13. Gupta D, Mathur A. Influence of sex on patterns of costal cartilage calcification. The Indian journal of chest diseases & allied sciences. 1978;20(3):130-4.
  • 14. Rejtarová O, Slizova D, Smoranc P, Rejtar P, Bukac J. Costal cartilages—a clue for determination of sex. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2004;148(2):241-3.
  • 15. Kampen WU, Claassen H, Kirsch T. Mineralization and osteogenesis in the human first rib cartilage. Annals of anatomy= Anatomischer Anzeiger: official organ of the Anatomische Gesellschaft. 1995;177(2):171-7.
  • 16. Vacca E, Di Vella G. Metric characterization of the human coxal bone on a recent Italian sample and multivariate discriminant analysis to determine sex. Forensic science international. 2012;222(1-3):401. e1-. e9.
  • 17. Rao NG, Pai LM. Costal cartilage calcification pattern—a clue for establishing sex identity. Forensic Science International. 1988;38(3-4):193-202.
  • 18. Ikeda T. Estimating Age at Death Based on Costal Cartilage Calcification. Tohoku J Exp Med. 2017;243(4):237-46.
  • 19. Middleham HP, Boyd LE, Mcdonald SW. Sex determination from calcification of costal cartilages in a S cottish sample. Clinical Anatomy. 2015;28(7):888-95.

Bilgisayarlı Tomografi Görüntüsünden Elde Edilen Kostokondral Kalsifikasyon Modeli ile Cinsiyet Tahmini

Year 2022, Volume: 19 Issue: 3, 471 - 476, 27.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.35440/hutfd.1122584

Abstract

Abstract
Background: Gender estimation plays a key role in human identification. Between the various measurement methods of gender estimation from skeletal remains, the use of the calcification patterns of costal cartilages is highly suggested especially when the skull and pelvic bones are not available. The purpose of this study is to determine the patterns of costal cartilage calcifications in the Turkish population and to predict gender accordingly.
Materials and Methods: Our study was performed by using the Computed Tomography (CT) images of 200 individuals (100 female, 100 male) in the 20-60 age group who applied to Karabük University Training and Research Hospital and had no costal pathology or surgery history. The classification of Rejtarova et al. (2004) was used for the patterns of costal cartilage calcifications, and it was calculated the number and percentage of each pattern in male and female to estimate the gender.
Results: The results showed 193 (96.5%) individuals with calcification in the costal cartilages and 7 (3.5%) individuals without calcification in their costal cartilages, in which 3 females and 4 males. Peripheral pattern (Type I) showed 100% male gender prediction, while central pattern (Type II) showed female gender prediction with 92.3%. Type III was the most common pattern with 66.8% in the Turkish population.
Conclusions: As a result of this study, costal cartilage calcification models were obtained in the Turkish population using the method of Rejtarova et al (2004). Type I and Type II patterns showed high accuracy in terms of the usability of these models in predicting gender.
Keywords: Computed Tomography, Costal Cartilage, Calcification, Gender Estimation

References

  • 1. Reppien K, Sejrsen B, Lynnerup N. Evaluation of post-mortem estimated dental age versus real age: a retrospective 21-year survey. Forensic science international. 2006;159:S84-S8.
  • 2. Giurazza F, Schena E, Del Vescovo R, Cazzato RL, Mortato L, Saccomandi P, et al., editors. Sex determination from scapular length measurements by CT scans images in a Caucasian population. 2013 35th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC); 2013: IEEE.
  • 3. Blau S, Hill A. Disaster victim identification: A review. Minerva. 2009;129.
  • 4. Baraybar JP. When DNA is not available, can we still identify people? Recommendations for best practice. Journal of Forensic Sciences. 2008;53(3):533-40.
  • 5. Sidhu R, Chandra S, Devi P, Taneja N, Sah K, Kaur N. Forensic importance of maxillary sinus in gender determination: A morphometric analysis from Western Uttar Pradesh, India. European Journal of General Dentistry. 2014;3(01):53-6.
  • 6. Stewart JH, Mccormick WF. A sex-and age-limited ossification pattern in human costal cartilages. American journal of clinical pathology. 1984;81(6):765-9.
  • 7. Scheuer L. Application of osteology to forensic medicine. Clinical Anatomy: The Official Journal of the American Association of Clinical Anatomists and the British Association of Clinical Anatomists. 2002;15(4):297-312.
  • 8. Fischer E, editor Verkalkungsformen der rippenknorpel. RöFo-Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet der Röntgenstrahlen und der bildgebenden Verfahren; 1955: © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart· New York.
  • 9. Nıshıno K. Studies on the human rib-cartilage. Kekkaku (Tuberculosis). 1969;44(4):131-7.
  • 10. Verma G, Hiran S. Sex determination by costal cartilage calcification. Ind J Rad. 1980;34:22-5.
  • 11. Elkeles A. Sex differences in the calcification of the costal cartilages. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 1966;14(5):456-62.
  • 12. Navani S, Shah JR, Levy PS. Determination of sex by costal cartilage calcification. The American journal of roentgenology, radium therapy, and nuclear medicine. 1970;108(4):771-4.
  • 13. Gupta D, Mathur A. Influence of sex on patterns of costal cartilage calcification. The Indian journal of chest diseases & allied sciences. 1978;20(3):130-4.
  • 14. Rejtarová O, Slizova D, Smoranc P, Rejtar P, Bukac J. Costal cartilages—a clue for determination of sex. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2004;148(2):241-3.
  • 15. Kampen WU, Claassen H, Kirsch T. Mineralization and osteogenesis in the human first rib cartilage. Annals of anatomy= Anatomischer Anzeiger: official organ of the Anatomische Gesellschaft. 1995;177(2):171-7.
  • 16. Vacca E, Di Vella G. Metric characterization of the human coxal bone on a recent Italian sample and multivariate discriminant analysis to determine sex. Forensic science international. 2012;222(1-3):401. e1-. e9.
  • 17. Rao NG, Pai LM. Costal cartilage calcification pattern—a clue for establishing sex identity. Forensic Science International. 1988;38(3-4):193-202.
  • 18. Ikeda T. Estimating Age at Death Based on Costal Cartilage Calcification. Tohoku J Exp Med. 2017;243(4):237-46.
  • 19. Middleham HP, Boyd LE, Mcdonald SW. Sex determination from calcification of costal cartilages in a S cottish sample. Clinical Anatomy. 2015;28(7):888-95.
There are 19 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Clinical Sciences
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Albaraa Rıyadh Mohammed Al-samanee 0000-0002-6707-4085

Zülal Öner 0000-0003-0459-1015

Serkan Öner 0000-0002-7802-880X

Publication Date December 27, 2022
Submission Date May 28, 2022
Acceptance Date June 16, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 19 Issue: 3

Cite

Vancouver Al-samanee ARM, Öner Z, Öner S. Estimation of Gender by Costochondral Calcification Model Obtained from Computed Tomography Image. Harran Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi. 2022;19(3):471-6.

Harran Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi  / Journal of Harran University Medical Faculty