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Year 2023, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 37 - 45, 30.06.2023

Mehmet Besler Mihri Barış Karavelioğlu

Abstract

Professional soccer is known to have a high level of stress and anxiety potential and the level of this potential is related to both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. To date, many studies have been conducted on the variables affecting the anxiety levels of soccer players. In the literature, there is no study on the effect of league ranking on soccer players' anxiety levels. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of the league ranking of the teams on the anxiety levels of the soccer players. A total of 292 professional soccer players, aged between 19 and 34 years old, from 15 teams competing in the TFF 2nd Division Red Group in the 2017-2018 season, participated in the study voluntarily. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, which was developed by Spielberger et al. in 1964 and whose Turkish reliability and validity studies were conducted by Öner and Le Compte (1983), was used to measure the anxiety levels of the participants. Data were analysed with SPSS 26 statistical package program. One-Way ANOVA was used for comparison between groups and Hochberg's GT2 was used as a post Hoc test. The significance level was accepted as p<.05. As a result, it was determined that the anxiety levels of the soccer players of the teams playing in the play offs were higher than the anxiety levels of the soccer players of the teams playing for the championship and not to be relegated.

References

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  • Allan, V., & Côté, J. (2016). A cross-sectional analysis of coaches’ observed emotion-behavior profiles and adolescent athletes’ self-reported developmental outcomes. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 28(3), 321-337.
  • Aybey, H. Y. (2005). Türkiye süper lig takımlarından Gaziantepsporun müsabaka öncesi ve müsabaka sonrası kaygı düzeyi (Master's thesis, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü).
  • Ayuso-Moreno, R., Fuentes-García, J. P., Collado-Mateo, D., & Villafaina, S. (2020). Heart rate variability and pre-competitive anxiety according to the demanding level of the match in female soccer athletes. Physiology & behavior, 222, 112926.
  • Balyan, K. Y., Tok, S., Tatar, A., Binboga, E., & Balyan, M. (2016). The relationship among personality, cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety, physiological arousal, and performance in male athletes. Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology, 10(1), 48-58.
  • Brand, R., Wolff, W., & Hoyer, J. (2013). Psychological symptoms and chronic mood in representative samples of elite student-athletes, deselected student-athletes and comparison students. School mental health, 5, 166-174.
  • Burns, L., Weissensteiner, J. R., & Cohen, M. (2019). Lifestyles and mindsets of Olympic, Paralympic and world champions: is an integrated approach the key to elite performance?. British journal of sports medicine, 53(13), 818-824.
  • Castillo-Rodriguez, A., Hernández-Mendo, A., Alvero-Cruz, J. R., Onetti-Onetti, W., & Fernández-García, J. C. (2022). Level of precompetitive anxiety and self-confidence in high level Padel players. Frontiers in Psychology, 13.
  • Castro-Sánchez, M., Zurita-Ortega, F., Chacón-Cuberos, R., López-Gutiérrez, C. J., & Zafra-Santos, E. (2018). Emotional intelligence, motivational climate and levels of anxiety in athletes from different categories of sports: Analysis through structural equations. International journal of environmental research and public health, 15(5), 894.
  • Castro-Sánchez, M., Zurita-Ortega, F., Ubago-Jiménez, J. L., González-Valero, G., García-Mármol, E., & Chacón-Cuberos, R. (2019). Relationships between anxiety, emotional intelligence, and motivational climate among adolescent football players. Sports, 7(2), 34.
  • Djaoui, L., Chamari, K., Owen, A. L., & Dellal, A. (2017). Maximal sprinting speed of elite soccer players during training and matches. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 31(6), 1509-1517.
  • Endler, N. S., Parker, J. D., Bagby, R. M., & Cox, B. J. (1991). Multidimensionality of state and trait anxiety: factor structure of the Endler Multidimensional Anxiety Scales. Journal of personality and social psychology, 60(6), 919.
  • Endler, N. S., & Kocovski, N. L. (2001). State and trait anxiety revisited. Journal of anxiety disorders, 15(3), 231-245.
  • Ford, J. L., Ildefonso, K., Jones, M. L., & Arvinen-Barrow, M. (2017). Sport-related anxiety: current insights. Open access journal of sports medicine, 205-212.
  • Gorczynski, P. F., Coyle, M., & Gibson, K. (2017). Depressive symptoms in high-performance athletes and non-athletes: a comparative meta-analysis. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 51(18), 1348-1354.
  • Ha, E. J., Kang, K. D., & Han, D. H. (2019). The comparison of psychological characteristics between Korean and Japanese women pro-basketball players. Psychiatry Investigation, 16(7), 524.
  • Hanton, S., & Connaughton, D. (2002). Perceived control of anxiety and its relationship to self-confidence and performance. Research quarterly for exercise and sport, 73(1), 87-97.
  • Junge, A., & Feddermann-Demont, N. (2016). Prevalence of depression and anxiety in top-level male and female football players. BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine, 2(1), e000087.
  • Kaplánová, A. (2020). Financial awards and their effect on football players’ anxiety and coping skills. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 1148.
  • Karabulut, O., Atasoy, M., Kazım, Kaya., & Karabulut, A. (2013). 13-15 Yaş Arası Erkek Futbolcuların Durumluk Ve Sürekli Kaygı Düzeylerinin Farklı Değişkenler Bakımından İncelenmesi. Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Kırşehir Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 14(1), 243-254.
  • Kardaş, N. T. (2018). 13-16 Yaş arasi altyapi futbolcularinin müsabaka dönemİndekİ durumluk kaygi düzeylerİnİn İncelenmesİ. Sportif Bakış: Spor ve Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 5(2), 109-117.
  • La Fratta, I., Franceschelli, S., Speranza, L., Patruno, A., Michetti, C., D’Ercole, P. & Pesce, M. (2021). Salivary oxytocin, cognitive anxiety and self-confidence in pre-competition athletes. Scientific Reports, 11(1), 16877.
  • Leitzelar, B. N., Blom, L. C., Guilkey, J., Bolin, J., & Mahon, A. (2020). Regulatory Fit: Impact on Anxiety, Arousal, and Performance in College-Level Soccer Players. International Journal of Exercise Science, 13(5), 1430.
  • López-Torres, M., Torregrosa, M., & Roca, J. (2007). Características del “flow”, ansiedad y estado emocional, en relación con el rendimiento de deportistas de élite. Cuadernos de Psicología del deporte, 7(1), 25-44.
  • Malhotra, N. K. (2004). Marketing Research an Applied Orientation, 4. Edition, Pearson Prentice Hall, New Jersey.
  • Marín-González, F. H., Portela-Pino, I., Fuentes-García, J. P., & Martínez-Patiño, M. J. (2022). Relationship between sports and personal variables and the competitive anxiety of Colombian elite athletes of Olympic and Paralympic sports. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(13), 7791.
  • Martínez-Monteagudo, M. C., Delgado, B., Torregrosa, M. S., Inglés, C. J., & García-Fernández, J. M. (2011). Relations between school anxiety, trait anxiety, state anxiety and depression. In ICERI2011 Proceedings (pp. 5829-5837). IATED.
  • Mellalieu, S. D., Neil, R., Hanton, S., & Fletcher, D. (2009). Competition stress in sport performers: Stressors experienced in the competition environment. Journal of sports sciences, 27(7), 729-744.
  • Olmedilla A., Bazaco M.J., Ortega E., Boladeras A. (2011). Psychological training in youth footballers with perceived psychological well-being, anxiety and satisfaction. Rev. Elec. Psicol. 12, 221–237.
  • Öner, N. & Le Compte, A., (1998). Süreksiz Durumluk / Sürekli Kaygı Envanteri El Kitabı. Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Pluhar, E., McCracken, C., Griffith, K. L., Christino, M. A., Sugimoto, D., & Meehan III, W. P. (2019). Team sport athletes may be less likely to suffer anxiety or depression than individual sport athletes. Journal of sports science & medicine, 18(3), 490
  • Pozo, A. (2007). Intensidad y dirección de la ansiedad competitiva y expectativas de resultados en atletas y nadadores. Revista de psicología del deporte, 16(2), 0137-150.
  • Saviola, F., Pappaianni, E., Monti, A., Grecucci, A., Jovicich, J., & De Pisapia, N. (2020). Trait and state anxiety are mapped differently in the human brain. Scientific Reports, 10(1), 1-11.
  • Selmi, W., Rebai, H., Chtara, M., Naceur, A., & Sahli, S. (2018). Self-confidence and affect responses to short-term sprint interval training. Physiology & behavior, 188, 42-47.
  • Slimani, M., & Nikolaidis, P. T. (2017). Anthropometric and physiological characteristics of male Soccer players according to their competitive level, playing position and age group: a systematic review. J Sports Med Phys Fitness, 59(1), 141-163.
  • Spielberger, C. D. (1972). Needed Research on Stress and Anxiety. A Special Report of the USOE-Sponsored Grant Study: Critical Appraisal of Research in the Personality-Emotions-Motivation Domain. IBR Report No. 72-10.
  • Thomas, O., Maynard, I., & Hanton, S. (2007). Intervening with athletes during the time leading up to competition: Theory to practice II. Journal of applied sport psychology, 19(4), 398-418.
  • Ünal, Saki., & Çankaya, S. (2022). Üniversite Oyunlarına Katılan Futbolcularda Spor Yaralanması Kaygı Düzeyi ile Çok Alanlı Kararlılık Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi. Spor Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7(2), 498-514.
  • Vagg, P. R., Spielberger, C. D., & O'Hearn Jr, T. P. (1980). Is the state-trait anxiety inventory multidimensional?. Personality and Individual Differences, 1(3), 207-214.
  • Wang, C. K. J., Tan, L., & Dairianathan, E. I. (2018). Achievement goals, implicit theories, and intrinsic motivation: A test of domain specificity across music, visual art, and sports. Journal of Research in Music Education, 66(3), 320-337.
  • Zikmund, W. G. (1997). Business Research Methods, 5. Edition, The Dryden Press, Orlando.
  • Zurita Ortega, F., Perez Cortes, A. J., Gonzalez Campos, G., Castro Sanchez, M., Chacon Cuberos, R., & Ambris Sandoval, J. (2016). Teaching styles of coaches and players regarding anxiety in different categories of youth football. Sportıs-Scıentıfıc Technıcal Journal Of School Sport Physıcal Educatıon And Psychomotrıcıty, 2(3), 390-411.

Profesyonel Futbol Liginde Şampiyonluk, Play Off ya da Küme Düşmemek. Hangisi Daha Kaygı Verici?

Year 2023, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 37 - 45, 30.06.2023

Mehmet Besler Mihri Barış Karavelioğlu

Abstract

Profesyonel futbolun yüksek düzeyde stres ve kaygı potansiyeline sahip olduğu bilinmektedir ve bu potansiyelin düzeyi hem içsel hem de dışsal faktörlerle ilişkilidir. Bugüne kadar futbolcuların kaygı düzeylerini etkileyen değişkenlere yönelik birçok çalışma yapılmıştır. Literatürde lig sıralamasının futbolcuların kaygı düzeylerine etkisine yönelik bir çalışmaya rastlanmamıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı takımların lig sıralamasındaki yerinin, futbolcuların kaygı düzeylerine etkisinin incelenmesidir. Çalışmaya 2017-2018 sezonu TFF 2. Lig Kırmızı Grupta mücadele eden 15 takımda yer alan, yaşları 19 ile 34 yaş aralığında değişen toplam 292 profesyonel futbolcu gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Katılımcıların kaygı düzeylerini ölçmek için Spielberger ve arkadaşları tarafından 1964 yılında geliştirilen, Türkçe güvenirlik ve geçerlik çalışmaları Öner ve Le Compte (1983) tarafından yapılan Durumluk ve Sürekli Kaygı Envanteri kullanılmıştır. Veriler SPSS 26 istatistik paket program ile analiz edilmiştir. Gruplar arası karşılaştırmada One-Way ANOVA, post Hoc testlerinden ise Hochberg’s GT2 kullanılmıştır. Anlamlılık düzeyi ise p<0.05 olarak kabul edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak play off’a oynayan takım futbolcularının kaygı düzeylerinin, şampiyonluğa ve düşememeye oynayan takım futbolcularının kaygı düzeylerinden daha yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Keywords

Durumluk kaygı Futbol Sürekli kaygı

References

  • Aaker, D.A., Kumar,V. & Day, G.S., (2007). Marketing Research, 9. Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Danvers
  • Aguirre-Loaiza, H. H., & Ramos Bermúdez, S. (2011). Anxiety & State and Sociodemographic Variables in Youth Colombian Footballers During Competition. Diversitas: Perspectivas en Psicología, 7(2), 239-251.
  • Allan, V., & Côté, J. (2016). A cross-sectional analysis of coaches’ observed emotion-behavior profiles and adolescent athletes’ self-reported developmental outcomes. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 28(3), 321-337.
  • Aybey, H. Y. (2005). Türkiye süper lig takımlarından Gaziantepsporun müsabaka öncesi ve müsabaka sonrası kaygı düzeyi (Master's thesis, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü).
  • Ayuso-Moreno, R., Fuentes-García, J. P., Collado-Mateo, D., & Villafaina, S. (2020). Heart rate variability and pre-competitive anxiety according to the demanding level of the match in female soccer athletes. Physiology & behavior, 222, 112926.
  • Balyan, K. Y., Tok, S., Tatar, A., Binboga, E., & Balyan, M. (2016). The relationship among personality, cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety, physiological arousal, and performance in male athletes. Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology, 10(1), 48-58.
  • Brand, R., Wolff, W., & Hoyer, J. (2013). Psychological symptoms and chronic mood in representative samples of elite student-athletes, deselected student-athletes and comparison students. School mental health, 5, 166-174.
  • Burns, L., Weissensteiner, J. R., & Cohen, M. (2019). Lifestyles and mindsets of Olympic, Paralympic and world champions: is an integrated approach the key to elite performance?. British journal of sports medicine, 53(13), 818-824.
  • Castillo-Rodriguez, A., Hernández-Mendo, A., Alvero-Cruz, J. R., Onetti-Onetti, W., & Fernández-García, J. C. (2022). Level of precompetitive anxiety and self-confidence in high level Padel players. Frontiers in Psychology, 13.
  • Castro-Sánchez, M., Zurita-Ortega, F., Chacón-Cuberos, R., López-Gutiérrez, C. J., & Zafra-Santos, E. (2018). Emotional intelligence, motivational climate and levels of anxiety in athletes from different categories of sports: Analysis through structural equations. International journal of environmental research and public health, 15(5), 894.
  • Castro-Sánchez, M., Zurita-Ortega, F., Ubago-Jiménez, J. L., González-Valero, G., García-Mármol, E., & Chacón-Cuberos, R. (2019). Relationships between anxiety, emotional intelligence, and motivational climate among adolescent football players. Sports, 7(2), 34.
  • Djaoui, L., Chamari, K., Owen, A. L., & Dellal, A. (2017). Maximal sprinting speed of elite soccer players during training and matches. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 31(6), 1509-1517.
  • Endler, N. S., Parker, J. D., Bagby, R. M., & Cox, B. J. (1991). Multidimensionality of state and trait anxiety: factor structure of the Endler Multidimensional Anxiety Scales. Journal of personality and social psychology, 60(6), 919.
  • Endler, N. S., & Kocovski, N. L. (2001). State and trait anxiety revisited. Journal of anxiety disorders, 15(3), 231-245.
  • Ford, J. L., Ildefonso, K., Jones, M. L., & Arvinen-Barrow, M. (2017). Sport-related anxiety: current insights. Open access journal of sports medicine, 205-212.
  • Gorczynski, P. F., Coyle, M., & Gibson, K. (2017). Depressive symptoms in high-performance athletes and non-athletes: a comparative meta-analysis. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 51(18), 1348-1354.
  • Ha, E. J., Kang, K. D., & Han, D. H. (2019). The comparison of psychological characteristics between Korean and Japanese women pro-basketball players. Psychiatry Investigation, 16(7), 524.
  • Hanton, S., & Connaughton, D. (2002). Perceived control of anxiety and its relationship to self-confidence and performance. Research quarterly for exercise and sport, 73(1), 87-97.
  • Junge, A., & Feddermann-Demont, N. (2016). Prevalence of depression and anxiety in top-level male and female football players. BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine, 2(1), e000087.
  • Kaplánová, A. (2020). Financial awards and their effect on football players’ anxiety and coping skills. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 1148.
  • Karabulut, O., Atasoy, M., Kazım, Kaya., & Karabulut, A. (2013). 13-15 Yaş Arası Erkek Futbolcuların Durumluk Ve Sürekli Kaygı Düzeylerinin Farklı Değişkenler Bakımından İncelenmesi. Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Kırşehir Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 14(1), 243-254.
  • Kardaş, N. T. (2018). 13-16 Yaş arasi altyapi futbolcularinin müsabaka dönemİndekİ durumluk kaygi düzeylerİnİn İncelenmesİ. Sportif Bakış: Spor ve Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 5(2), 109-117.
  • La Fratta, I., Franceschelli, S., Speranza, L., Patruno, A., Michetti, C., D’Ercole, P. & Pesce, M. (2021). Salivary oxytocin, cognitive anxiety and self-confidence in pre-competition athletes. Scientific Reports, 11(1), 16877.
  • Leitzelar, B. N., Blom, L. C., Guilkey, J., Bolin, J., & Mahon, A. (2020). Regulatory Fit: Impact on Anxiety, Arousal, and Performance in College-Level Soccer Players. International Journal of Exercise Science, 13(5), 1430.
  • López-Torres, M., Torregrosa, M., & Roca, J. (2007). Características del “flow”, ansiedad y estado emocional, en relación con el rendimiento de deportistas de élite. Cuadernos de Psicología del deporte, 7(1), 25-44.
  • Malhotra, N. K. (2004). Marketing Research an Applied Orientation, 4. Edition, Pearson Prentice Hall, New Jersey.
  • Marín-González, F. H., Portela-Pino, I., Fuentes-García, J. P., & Martínez-Patiño, M. J. (2022). Relationship between sports and personal variables and the competitive anxiety of Colombian elite athletes of Olympic and Paralympic sports. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(13), 7791.
  • Martínez-Monteagudo, M. C., Delgado, B., Torregrosa, M. S., Inglés, C. J., & García-Fernández, J. M. (2011). Relations between school anxiety, trait anxiety, state anxiety and depression. In ICERI2011 Proceedings (pp. 5829-5837). IATED.
  • Mellalieu, S. D., Neil, R., Hanton, S., & Fletcher, D. (2009). Competition stress in sport performers: Stressors experienced in the competition environment. Journal of sports sciences, 27(7), 729-744.
  • Olmedilla A., Bazaco M.J., Ortega E., Boladeras A. (2011). Psychological training in youth footballers with perceived psychological well-being, anxiety and satisfaction. Rev. Elec. Psicol. 12, 221–237.
  • Öner, N. & Le Compte, A., (1998). Süreksiz Durumluk / Sürekli Kaygı Envanteri El Kitabı. Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Pluhar, E., McCracken, C., Griffith, K. L., Christino, M. A., Sugimoto, D., & Meehan III, W. P. (2019). Team sport athletes may be less likely to suffer anxiety or depression than individual sport athletes. Journal of sports science & medicine, 18(3), 490
  • Pozo, A. (2007). Intensidad y dirección de la ansiedad competitiva y expectativas de resultados en atletas y nadadores. Revista de psicología del deporte, 16(2), 0137-150.
  • Saviola, F., Pappaianni, E., Monti, A., Grecucci, A., Jovicich, J., & De Pisapia, N. (2020). Trait and state anxiety are mapped differently in the human brain. Scientific Reports, 10(1), 1-11.
  • Selmi, W., Rebai, H., Chtara, M., Naceur, A., & Sahli, S. (2018). Self-confidence and affect responses to short-term sprint interval training. Physiology & behavior, 188, 42-47.
  • Slimani, M., & Nikolaidis, P. T. (2017). Anthropometric and physiological characteristics of male Soccer players according to their competitive level, playing position and age group: a systematic review. J Sports Med Phys Fitness, 59(1), 141-163.
  • Spielberger, C. D. (1972). Needed Research on Stress and Anxiety. A Special Report of the USOE-Sponsored Grant Study: Critical Appraisal of Research in the Personality-Emotions-Motivation Domain. IBR Report No. 72-10.
  • Thomas, O., Maynard, I., & Hanton, S. (2007). Intervening with athletes during the time leading up to competition: Theory to practice II. Journal of applied sport psychology, 19(4), 398-418.
  • Ünal, Saki., & Çankaya, S. (2022). Üniversite Oyunlarına Katılan Futbolcularda Spor Yaralanması Kaygı Düzeyi ile Çok Alanlı Kararlılık Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi. Spor Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7(2), 498-514.
  • Vagg, P. R., Spielberger, C. D., & O'Hearn Jr, T. P. (1980). Is the state-trait anxiety inventory multidimensional?. Personality and Individual Differences, 1(3), 207-214.
  • Wang, C. K. J., Tan, L., & Dairianathan, E. I. (2018). Achievement goals, implicit theories, and intrinsic motivation: A test of domain specificity across music, visual art, and sports. Journal of Research in Music Education, 66(3), 320-337.
  • Zikmund, W. G. (1997). Business Research Methods, 5. Edition, The Dryden Press, Orlando.
  • Zurita Ortega, F., Perez Cortes, A. J., Gonzalez Campos, G., Castro Sanchez, M., Chacon Cuberos, R., & Ambris Sandoval, J. (2016). Teaching styles of coaches and players regarding anxiety in different categories of youth football. Sportıs-Scıentıfıc Technıcal Journal Of School Sport Physıcal Educatıon And Psychomotrıcıty, 2(3), 390-411.
There are 43 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Other Fields of Education, Sports Training
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Mehmet Besler 0000-0002-5853-7914

Mihri Barış Karavelioğlu 0000-0003-3536-2485

Early Pub Date July 2, 2023
Publication Date June 30, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 5 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Besler, M., & Karavelioğlu, M. B. (2023). Profesyonel Futbol Liginde Şampiyonluk, Play Off ya da Küme Düşmemek. Hangisi Daha Kaygı Verici?. Uluslararası Spor Bilimleri Öğrenci Çalışmaları, 5(1), 37-45.
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