Ergenlerde Kendine Zarar Verme Davranışı, Çocukluk Çağı Örselenme Yaşantıları ve Duygu Düzenleme Becerileri: Olgu Kontrol Çalışması*

Pınar Demir Asma; Nursu Çakın Memik

doi:10.38079/igusabder.1188674

Research Article

Ergenlerde Kendine Zarar Verme Davranışı, Çocukluk Çağı Örselenme Yaşantıları ve Duygu Düzenleme Becerileri: Olgu Kontrol Çalışması*

Year 2023, Issue: 21, 989 - 1003, 05.01.2024

Pınar Demir Asma Nursu Çakın Memik

https://doi.org/10.38079/igusabder.1188674

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışma kendine zarar verme davranışı olan ergenlerde çocukluk çağı örselenme yaşantıları ile duygu düzenleme becerileri arasındaki ilişkilerin incelenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır.
Yöntem: Kesitsel ve tanımlayıcı tipteki araştırmanın örneklemini Kocaeli Üniversitesi Çocuk ve Ergen Ruh Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Anabilim Dalı Polikliniğinde tedavi görmekte olan 12-17 yaş arasındaki, 48 olgu grubu ve 48 kontrol grubu olmak üzere toplamda 96 katılımcı oluşturmaktadır. Katılımcılara ait veriler, sosyodemografik veri formu, kendine zarar verme davranışı değerlendirme envanteri, duygu düzenleme güçlüğü ölçeği ve çocukluk çağı örselenme yaşantıları ölçeği aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. İlgili veriler SPSS 21 paket programıyla analiz edilmiştir.
Bulgular: Çalışmanın sonucunda kontrol grubu ile karşılaştırıldığında olgu grubundaki katılımcıların, istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı derecede daha fazla duygu düzenleme güçlüğü yaşadığı ve çocukluk çağında daha fazla örselenme yaşantısına maruz kaldığı sonuçları elde edilmiştir (p<,05). Aynı şekilde çocukluk çağı örselenme yaşantıları, duygu düzenleme becerileri ve kendine zarar verme davranışının ilişkili olduğu bulunmuştur.
Sonuç: Çocukluk döneminde deneyimlenen örselenme yaşantılarının ergenlerin duygu düzenleme becerileri üzerinde olumsuz etkilerinin olduğu bu durumun da kendine zarar verme davranışını yordadığı bulunmuştur. Ergenlerde kendine zarar verme davranışının önlenmesi için erken çocukluk döneminde maruz kalınan ihmal ve istismar yaşantılarının önüne geçilmesi önerilmektedir.

Keywords

Kendine zarar verme davranışı, duygu, çocuk ihmali, çocuk istismarı

References

1. Guérin-Marion C, Martin J, Lafontaine MF, Bureau JF. Invalidating caregiving environments, specific emotion regulation deficits, and non-suicidal self-injury. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev. 2020;51(1):39-47. doi:10.1007/s10578-019-00908-2.
2. Joiner TE, Ribeiro JD, Silva C. Nonsuicidal self-injury, suicidal behavior, and their co-occurrence as viewed through the lens of the interpersonal theory of suicide. Curr Dir Psychol Sci. 2012;21(5):342-347. doi:10.1177/0963721412454873.
3. Swannell SV, Martin GE, Page A, Hasking P, St John NJ. Prevalence of nonsuicidal self-injury in nonclinical samples: Systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression. Suicide Life Threat Behav. 2014;44(3):273-303. doi:10.1111/sltb.12070.
4. Mehlum L, Ramberg M, Tørmoen AJ, et al. Dialectical behavior therapy compared with enhanced usual care for adolescents with repeated suicidal and self-harming behavior: Outcomes over a one-year follow-up. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. 2016;55(4):295-300. doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2016.01.005
5. Serafini G, Canepa G, Adavastro G, et al. The relationship between childhood maltreatment and non-suicidal self-injury: A systematic review. Front Psychiatry. 2017;8:149. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00149.
6. Asarnow JR, Porta G, Spirito A, et al. Suicide attempts and nonsuicidal self-injury in the treatment of resistant depression in adolescents: Findings from the tordıa study. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. 2011;50(8):772-781. doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2011.04.003.
7. Helvacı Çelik FG, Hocaoğlu Ç. Kasıtlı kendine zarar verme davranışı. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar. 2017;9(2):209-226. doi:10.18863/pgy.281577.
8. Swannell S, Martin G, Page A, et al. Child maltreatment, subsequent non-suicidal self-injury and the mediating roles of dissociation, alexithymia and self-blame. Child Abuse & Neglect. 2012;36(7-8):572-584. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2012.05.005.
9. Yurkowski K, Martin J, Levesque C, Bureau JF, Lafontaine MF, Cloutier P. Emotion dysregulation mediates the influence of relationship difficulties on non-suicidal self-injury behavior in young adults. Psychiatry Research. 2015;228(3):871-878. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2015.05.006.
10. Degli Esposti M, Pinto Pereira SM, Humphreys DK, Sale RD, Bowes L. Child maltreatment and the risk of antisocial behaviour: A population-based cohort study spanning 50 years. Child Abuse & Neglect. 2020;99:104281. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104281.
11. Taner Y, Gökler B. Çocuk istismarı ve ihmali: Psikiyatrik yönleri. Acta Medica. 2004;35(2):82-86.
12. Green AH. Child sexual abuse: ımmediate and long-term effects and ıntervention. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. 1993;32(5):890-902. doi: 10.1097/00004583-199309000-00002.
13. Maneta EK, Cohen S, Schulz MS, Waldinger RJ. Linkages between childhood emotional abuse and marital satisfaction: the mediating role of empathic accuracy for hostile emotions. Child Abuse & Neglect. 2015;44:8-17. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2014.07.017.
14. World Health Organization. Dünya Sağlık Örgütü Çocuk İstismarını Önleme Hakkında İstişare Raporu;1999. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/65900 .
15. Langevin R, Cossette L, Hébert M. Emotion dysregulation in sexually abused preschoolers: insights from a story completion task. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse. 2020;29(4):468-489. doi: 10.1080/10538712.2019.1678542.
16. Christ C, de Waal MM, Dekker JJM, et al. Linking childhood emotional abuse and depressive symptoms: The role of emotion dysregulation and interpersonal problems. Seedat S, ed. PLoS ONE. 2019;14(2):e0211882. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211882.
17. Hillberg T, Hamilton-Giachritsi C, Dixon L. Review of meta-analyses on the association between child sexual abuse and adult mental health difficulties: A systematic approach. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse. 2011;12(1):38-49. doi: 10.1177/152483801038681
18. Titelius EN, Cook E, Spas J, et al. Emotion dysregulation mediates the relationship between child maltreatment and non-suicidal self-ınjury. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma. 2018;27(3):323-331. doi: 10.1080/10926771.2017.1338814.
19. Eisenberg N, Spinrad TL. Emotion-related regulation: Sharpening the definition. Child Development. 2004;75(2):334-339. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2004.00674.x
20. Demir P. Ergenlerde Kendine Zarar Verme Davranışı ve Çocukluk Çağı Örselenme Yaşantıları İlişkisinde Duygu Düzenleme Becerisinin Aracı Rolü [Yüksek Lisans Tezi]. Kocaeli; Türkiye: Ruhsal Rehabilitasyon Anabilim Dalı, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü; 2020.
21. Klonsky ED, Glenn CR. Assessing the functions of non-suicidal self-injury: Psychometric properties of the ınventory of statements about self-injury (ısas). J Psychopathol Behav Assess. 2009;31(3):215-219. doi: 10.1007/s10862-008-9107-z.
22. Bildik T, Somer O, Kabukçu Başay B, Başay Ö, Özbaran B. Kendine zarar verme davranışı değerlendirme envanterinin Türkçe formunun geçerlik ve güvenilirlik çalışması. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi. 2013;24(1):49-57.
23. Bernstein DP, Stein JA, Newcomb MD, et al. Development and validation of a brief screening version of the childhood trauma questionnaire. Child Abuse & Neglect. 2003;27(2):169-190. doi: 10.1016/S0145-2134(02)00541-0.
24. Aslan SH, Alparslan ZN. Çocukluk örselenme yaşantıları ölçeğinin bir üniversite öğrencisi örnekleminde geçerlik, güvenirlik ve faktör yapısı. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi. 1999;10(4):275-285.
25. Gratz KL, Roemer L. The relationship between emotion dysregulation and deliberate self‐harm among female undergraduate students at an urban commuter university. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy. 2008;37(1):14-25. doi: 10.1080/16506070701819524.
26. Rugancı RN, Gençöz T. Psychometric properties of a Turkish version of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale. J Clin Psychol. Published online 2010:n/a-n/a. doi: 10.1002/jclp.20665.
27. Klonsky ED, Muehlenkamp JJ. Self-injury: A research review for the practitioner. J Clin Psychol. 2007;63(11):1045-1056. doi: 10.1002/jclp.20412.
28. Akdemir D, Zeki A, Ünal D, Kara M, Cetin F. Identity status and self-esteem in adolescents with non-suicidal self-injurious behavior. Anadolu Psikiyatri Derg. 2013;14(1):69. doi: 10.5455/apd.35961.
29. Wang S, Xu H, Zhang S, Wan Y, Tao F. Mediating effects of self-esteem in the relationship between childhood maltreatment and non-suicidal self-injury among adolescents: The roles of sex and only-child status. Social Science & Medicine. 2020;249:112847. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.112847.
30. Akça SÖ, Selen F, Demir E, Demir T. Cinsiyet ve yaş farklılıklarının ergenlerin depresyon, anksiyete bozukluğu, kendine zarar verme, psikoz, travma sonrası stres bozukluğu, alkol-uyuşturucu bağımlılığı ve dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu ile ilişkili sorunlara etkisi. Dicle Tıp Dergisi. 2008;45(3):255-264.
31. Whitlock J, Eckenrode J, Silverman D. Self-injurious behaviors in a college population. Pediatrics. 2006;117(6):1939-1948. doi: 10.1542/peds.2005-2543.
32. Xu H, Song X, Wang S, Zhang S, Xu S, Wan Y. Mediating effect of social support in the relationship between childhood abuse and non-suicidal self-ınjury among chinese undergraduates: The role of only-child status. IJERPH. 2019;16(20):4023. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16204023.
33. Nock MK, Kessler RC. Prevalence of and risk factors for suicide attempts versus suicide gestures: Analysis of the national comorbidity survey. Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 2006;115(3):616-623. doi: 10.1037/0021-843X.115.3.616.
34. McMahon EM, Reulbach U, Corcoran P, Keeley HS, Perry IJ, Arensman E. Factors associated with deliberate self-harm among Irish adolescents. Psychol Med. 2010;40(11):1811-1819. doi: 10.1017/S0033291709992145.
35. De Leo D, Heller TS. Who are the kids who self‐harm? an australian self‐report school survey. Medical Journal of Australia. 2004;181(3):140-144. doi: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.2004.tb06204.x.
36. Taliaferro LA, Jang ST, Westers NJ, Muehlenkamp JJ, Whitlock JL, McMorris BJ. Associations between connections to parents and friends and non-suicidal self-injury among adolescents: The mediating role of developmental assets. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2020;25(2):359-371. doi: 10.1177/1359104519868493.
37. Glassman LH, Weierich MR, Hooley JM, Deliberto TL, Nock MK. Child maltreatment, non-suicidal self-injury, and the mediating role of self-criticism. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2007;45(10):2483-2490. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2007.04.002.
38. Wang Q, Liu X. Child abuse and non-suicidal self-ınjury among chinese migrant adolescents: The moderating roles of beliefs about adversity and family socioeconomic status. J Interpers Violence. 2022:088626052211045. doi: 10.1177/08862605221104537.
39. Maniglio R. The role of child sexual abuse in the etiology of suicide and non-suicidal self-injury: Child sexual abuse and self-injury. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 2011;124(1):30-41. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2010.01612.x.
40. Norman RE, Byambaa M, De R, Butchart A, Scott J, Vos T. The long-term health consequences of child physical abuse, emotional abuse, and neglect: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Tomlinson M, ed. PLoS Med. 2012;9(11):e1001349. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001349.
41. Yates TM, Carlson EA, Egeland B. A prospective study of child maltreatment and self-injurious behavior in a community sample. Dev Psychopathol. 2008;20(2):651-671. doi: 10.1017/S0954579408000321.
42. Babcock Fenerci RL, Jenkins GA, Gilbert AC, et al. Maltreatment history and reasons for self‐injurious behavior among adolescents engaged in non‐suicidal self‐injury versus adolescents who attempted suicide. Suicide & Life Threat Behav. 2022:sltb.12887. doi: 10.1111/sltb.12887.
43. Brown RC, Fischer T, Goldwich AD, Keller F, Young R, Plener PL. #cutting: Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) on Instagram. Psychol Med. 2018;48(2):337-346. doi: 10.1017/S0033291717001751.
44. Chen WL, Chun CC. Association between emotion dysregulation and distinct groups of non-suicidal self-ınjury in Taiwanese female adolescents. IJERPH. 2019;16(18):3361. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16183361.

Non- Suicidal Self Injury, Childhood Maltreatment Experiences and Emotion Regulation Skills in Adolescents: A Case-control Study

Year 2023, Issue: 21, 989 - 1003, 05.01.2024

Pınar Demir Asma Nursu Çakın Memik

https://doi.org/10.38079/igusabder.1188674

Abstract

Aim: This study was conducted to examine the relationships between childhood traumatic experiences and emotion regulation skills in adolescents with non-suicidal self-injury.
Method: Method: The sample of the cross-sectional and descriptive study consists of a total of 96 participants, 48 in the case group and 48 in the control group, between the ages of 12-17, who are receiving treatment at Kocaeli University Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department Polyclinic. Participants' data were collected through sociodemographic data form, non-suicidal self-injury inventory, emotion regulation difficulty scale, and childhood traumatic experiences scale. Related data were analysed with the SPSS 21 package program.
Results: As a result of the study, it was concluded that the participants in the case group had significantly more difficulty in emotion regulation and were exposed to more trauma experiences in childhood compared to the control group (p<.05). Likewise, childhood traumatic experiences, emotion regulation skills and non-suicidal self-injury were found to be related.
Conclusion: It has been found that traumatic experiences in childhood have negative effects on the emotion regulation skills of adolescents, and this situation predicts non-suicidal self-injury. To prevent self-harming behavior in adolescents, prevention of neglect and abuse experiences in early childhood is needed.

Keywords

Non-suicidal self-injurious behaviour, emotion, child neglect, child abuse

References

1. Guérin-Marion C, Martin J, Lafontaine MF, Bureau JF. Invalidating caregiving environments, specific emotion regulation deficits, and non-suicidal self-injury. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev. 2020;51(1):39-47. doi:10.1007/s10578-019-00908-2.
2. Joiner TE, Ribeiro JD, Silva C. Nonsuicidal self-injury, suicidal behavior, and their co-occurrence as viewed through the lens of the interpersonal theory of suicide. Curr Dir Psychol Sci. 2012;21(5):342-347. doi:10.1177/0963721412454873.
3. Swannell SV, Martin GE, Page A, Hasking P, St John NJ. Prevalence of nonsuicidal self-injury in nonclinical samples: Systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression. Suicide Life Threat Behav. 2014;44(3):273-303. doi:10.1111/sltb.12070.
4. Mehlum L, Ramberg M, Tørmoen AJ, et al. Dialectical behavior therapy compared with enhanced usual care for adolescents with repeated suicidal and self-harming behavior: Outcomes over a one-year follow-up. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. 2016;55(4):295-300. doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2016.01.005
5. Serafini G, Canepa G, Adavastro G, et al. The relationship between childhood maltreatment and non-suicidal self-injury: A systematic review. Front Psychiatry. 2017;8:149. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00149.
6. Asarnow JR, Porta G, Spirito A, et al. Suicide attempts and nonsuicidal self-injury in the treatment of resistant depression in adolescents: Findings from the tordıa study. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. 2011;50(8):772-781. doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2011.04.003.
7. Helvacı Çelik FG, Hocaoğlu Ç. Kasıtlı kendine zarar verme davranışı. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar. 2017;9(2):209-226. doi:10.18863/pgy.281577.
8. Swannell S, Martin G, Page A, et al. Child maltreatment, subsequent non-suicidal self-injury and the mediating roles of dissociation, alexithymia and self-blame. Child Abuse & Neglect. 2012;36(7-8):572-584. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2012.05.005.
9. Yurkowski K, Martin J, Levesque C, Bureau JF, Lafontaine MF, Cloutier P. Emotion dysregulation mediates the influence of relationship difficulties on non-suicidal self-injury behavior in young adults. Psychiatry Research. 2015;228(3):871-878. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2015.05.006.
10. Degli Esposti M, Pinto Pereira SM, Humphreys DK, Sale RD, Bowes L. Child maltreatment and the risk of antisocial behaviour: A population-based cohort study spanning 50 years. Child Abuse & Neglect. 2020;99:104281. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104281.
11. Taner Y, Gökler B. Çocuk istismarı ve ihmali: Psikiyatrik yönleri. Acta Medica. 2004;35(2):82-86.
12. Green AH. Child sexual abuse: ımmediate and long-term effects and ıntervention. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. 1993;32(5):890-902. doi: 10.1097/00004583-199309000-00002.
13. Maneta EK, Cohen S, Schulz MS, Waldinger RJ. Linkages between childhood emotional abuse and marital satisfaction: the mediating role of empathic accuracy for hostile emotions. Child Abuse & Neglect. 2015;44:8-17. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2014.07.017.
14. World Health Organization. Dünya Sağlık Örgütü Çocuk İstismarını Önleme Hakkında İstişare Raporu;1999. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/65900 .
15. Langevin R, Cossette L, Hébert M. Emotion dysregulation in sexually abused preschoolers: insights from a story completion task. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse. 2020;29(4):468-489. doi: 10.1080/10538712.2019.1678542.
16. Christ C, de Waal MM, Dekker JJM, et al. Linking childhood emotional abuse and depressive symptoms: The role of emotion dysregulation and interpersonal problems. Seedat S, ed. PLoS ONE. 2019;14(2):e0211882. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211882.
17. Hillberg T, Hamilton-Giachritsi C, Dixon L. Review of meta-analyses on the association between child sexual abuse and adult mental health difficulties: A systematic approach. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse. 2011;12(1):38-49. doi: 10.1177/152483801038681
18. Titelius EN, Cook E, Spas J, et al. Emotion dysregulation mediates the relationship between child maltreatment and non-suicidal self-ınjury. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma. 2018;27(3):323-331. doi: 10.1080/10926771.2017.1338814.
19. Eisenberg N, Spinrad TL. Emotion-related regulation: Sharpening the definition. Child Development. 2004;75(2):334-339. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2004.00674.x
20. Demir P. Ergenlerde Kendine Zarar Verme Davranışı ve Çocukluk Çağı Örselenme Yaşantıları İlişkisinde Duygu Düzenleme Becerisinin Aracı Rolü [Yüksek Lisans Tezi]. Kocaeli; Türkiye: Ruhsal Rehabilitasyon Anabilim Dalı, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü; 2020.
21. Klonsky ED, Glenn CR. Assessing the functions of non-suicidal self-injury: Psychometric properties of the ınventory of statements about self-injury (ısas). J Psychopathol Behav Assess. 2009;31(3):215-219. doi: 10.1007/s10862-008-9107-z.
22. Bildik T, Somer O, Kabukçu Başay B, Başay Ö, Özbaran B. Kendine zarar verme davranışı değerlendirme envanterinin Türkçe formunun geçerlik ve güvenilirlik çalışması. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi. 2013;24(1):49-57.
23. Bernstein DP, Stein JA, Newcomb MD, et al. Development and validation of a brief screening version of the childhood trauma questionnaire. Child Abuse & Neglect. 2003;27(2):169-190. doi: 10.1016/S0145-2134(02)00541-0.
24. Aslan SH, Alparslan ZN. Çocukluk örselenme yaşantıları ölçeğinin bir üniversite öğrencisi örnekleminde geçerlik, güvenirlik ve faktör yapısı. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi. 1999;10(4):275-285.
25. Gratz KL, Roemer L. The relationship between emotion dysregulation and deliberate self‐harm among female undergraduate students at an urban commuter university. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy. 2008;37(1):14-25. doi: 10.1080/16506070701819524.
26. Rugancı RN, Gençöz T. Psychometric properties of a Turkish version of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale. J Clin Psychol. Published online 2010:n/a-n/a. doi: 10.1002/jclp.20665.
27. Klonsky ED, Muehlenkamp JJ. Self-injury: A research review for the practitioner. J Clin Psychol. 2007;63(11):1045-1056. doi: 10.1002/jclp.20412.
28. Akdemir D, Zeki A, Ünal D, Kara M, Cetin F. Identity status and self-esteem in adolescents with non-suicidal self-injurious behavior. Anadolu Psikiyatri Derg. 2013;14(1):69. doi: 10.5455/apd.35961.
29. Wang S, Xu H, Zhang S, Wan Y, Tao F. Mediating effects of self-esteem in the relationship between childhood maltreatment and non-suicidal self-injury among adolescents: The roles of sex and only-child status. Social Science & Medicine. 2020;249:112847. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.112847.
30. Akça SÖ, Selen F, Demir E, Demir T. Cinsiyet ve yaş farklılıklarının ergenlerin depresyon, anksiyete bozukluğu, kendine zarar verme, psikoz, travma sonrası stres bozukluğu, alkol-uyuşturucu bağımlılığı ve dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu ile ilişkili sorunlara etkisi. Dicle Tıp Dergisi. 2008;45(3):255-264.
31. Whitlock J, Eckenrode J, Silverman D. Self-injurious behaviors in a college population. Pediatrics. 2006;117(6):1939-1948. doi: 10.1542/peds.2005-2543.
32. Xu H, Song X, Wang S, Zhang S, Xu S, Wan Y. Mediating effect of social support in the relationship between childhood abuse and non-suicidal self-ınjury among chinese undergraduates: The role of only-child status. IJERPH. 2019;16(20):4023. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16204023.
33. Nock MK, Kessler RC. Prevalence of and risk factors for suicide attempts versus suicide gestures: Analysis of the national comorbidity survey. Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 2006;115(3):616-623. doi: 10.1037/0021-843X.115.3.616.
34. McMahon EM, Reulbach U, Corcoran P, Keeley HS, Perry IJ, Arensman E. Factors associated with deliberate self-harm among Irish adolescents. Psychol Med. 2010;40(11):1811-1819. doi: 10.1017/S0033291709992145.
35. De Leo D, Heller TS. Who are the kids who self‐harm? an australian self‐report school survey. Medical Journal of Australia. 2004;181(3):140-144. doi: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.2004.tb06204.x.
36. Taliaferro LA, Jang ST, Westers NJ, Muehlenkamp JJ, Whitlock JL, McMorris BJ. Associations between connections to parents and friends and non-suicidal self-injury among adolescents: The mediating role of developmental assets. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2020;25(2):359-371. doi: 10.1177/1359104519868493.
37. Glassman LH, Weierich MR, Hooley JM, Deliberto TL, Nock MK. Child maltreatment, non-suicidal self-injury, and the mediating role of self-criticism. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2007;45(10):2483-2490. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2007.04.002.
38. Wang Q, Liu X. Child abuse and non-suicidal self-ınjury among chinese migrant adolescents: The moderating roles of beliefs about adversity and family socioeconomic status. J Interpers Violence. 2022:088626052211045. doi: 10.1177/08862605221104537.
39. Maniglio R. The role of child sexual abuse in the etiology of suicide and non-suicidal self-injury: Child sexual abuse and self-injury. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 2011;124(1):30-41. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2010.01612.x.
40. Norman RE, Byambaa M, De R, Butchart A, Scott J, Vos T. The long-term health consequences of child physical abuse, emotional abuse, and neglect: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Tomlinson M, ed. PLoS Med. 2012;9(11):e1001349. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001349.
41. Yates TM, Carlson EA, Egeland B. A prospective study of child maltreatment and self-injurious behavior in a community sample. Dev Psychopathol. 2008;20(2):651-671. doi: 10.1017/S0954579408000321.
42. Babcock Fenerci RL, Jenkins GA, Gilbert AC, et al. Maltreatment history and reasons for self‐injurious behavior among adolescents engaged in non‐suicidal self‐injury versus adolescents who attempted suicide. Suicide & Life Threat Behav. 2022:sltb.12887. doi: 10.1111/sltb.12887.
43. Brown RC, Fischer T, Goldwich AD, Keller F, Young R, Plener PL. #cutting: Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) on Instagram. Psychol Med. 2018;48(2):337-346. doi: 10.1017/S0033291717001751.
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There are 44 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language	Turkish
Subjects	Clinical Sciences
Journal Section	Articles
Authors	Pınar Demir Asma 0000-0002-3590-446X Nursu Çakın Memik 0000-0001-9029-3457
Early Pub Date	January 8, 2024
Publication Date	January 5, 2024
Acceptance Date	November 28, 2023
Published in Issue	Year 2023 Issue: 21

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JAMA	Demir Asma P, Çakın Memik N. Ergenlerde Kendine Zarar Verme Davranışı, Çocukluk Çağı Örselenme Yaşantıları ve Duygu Düzenleme Becerileri: Olgu Kontrol Çalışması. IGUSABDER*. 2024;:989–1003.

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