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The Relationship Between Caregiver Workload and Stress Levels with Clinical Symptom Severity in Cerebral Palsy

Year 2021, Volume: 4 Issue: 1, 38 - 44, 20.06.2021
https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.833840

Abstract

The aim of this study is to compare the functional status, spasticity, motor function status of children with cerebral palsy and their caregivers' workload and stress levels. A single-center prospective cross-sectional study was carried out with 30 children with Cerebral Palsy (CP) and their 30 caregivers. The clinical status of the children was assessed with the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS), The Functional Independence Measure for Children (WeeFIM). The caregivers' workload and stress levels were evaluated with Bakas Caregiving Outcomes Scale (BCOS) and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), respectively. The mean age of the children was 11.46±7.45 years. In correlation analysis, the caregivers' BCOS score was related to the children's MAS score (p<0.05). On the other hand, there was a significant relationship between BCOS and PSS scores of the caregivers (p<0.05). Greater levels of spasticity in the children were associated with greater levels of workload. Stress level is higher in caregivers with a high workload.

Project Number

Yok

References

  • Akmeşe, P. P., Mutlu, A., & Günel, M. K. (2007). Serebral paralizili çocukların annelerinin kaygı düzeyinin araştırılması. Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Dergisi, 50, 236-240.
  • Bakas, T., & Champion, V. (1999). Development and psychometric testing of the Bakas Caregiving Outcomes Scale. Nursing Research, 48(5), 250-259.
  • Bakas, T., Champion, V., Perkins, S. M., Farran, C. J., & Williams, L. S. (2006). Psychometric testing of the revised 15-item Bakas Caregiving Outcomes Scale. Nursing Research, 55(5), 346-355.
  • Charalambous, C. P. (2014). Interrater reliability of a modified Ashworth scale of muscle spasticity. In Classic papers in orthopaedics (pp. 415-417): Springer.
  • Deniz, M. E., Dilmaç, B., & Arıcak, O. T. (2009). Engelli çocuğa sahip olan ebeveynlerin durumluk-sürekli kaygı ve yaşam doyumlarının incelenmesi. Uluslararası İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(1), 953-968.
  • El, Ö., Peker, Ö., Bozan, Ö., Berk, H., & Koşay, C. (2007). Serebral palsi hastalarının genel özellikleri. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, 21(2), 75-80.
  • Eminel, A. G., Kahraman, T., & Genc, A. (2020). Physical workload during caregiving activities and related factors among the caregivers of children with cerebral palsy. Irish Journal of Medical Science (1971-), 1-9.
  • Eskin, M., Harlak, H., Demirkıran, F., & Dereboy, Ç. (2013). Algılanan stres ölçeğinin Türkçeye uyarlanması: güvenirlik ve geçerlik analizi.
  • Fernández-Alcántara, M., García-Caro, M. P., Laynez-Rubio, C., Pérez-Marfil, M. N., Martí-García, C., Benítez-Feliponi, Á., . . . Cruz-Quintana, F. (2015). Feelings of loss in parents of children with infantile cerebral palsy. Disability and health journal, 8(1), 93-101.
  • Fritz, H., & Sewell-Roberts, C. (2020). Family stress associated with cerebral palsy. Cerebral palsy, 515-545.
  • Garip, Y., Ozel, S., Tuncer, O. B., Kilinc, G., Seckin, F., & Arasil, T. (2017). Fatigue in the mothers of children with cerebral palsy. Disability and rehabilitation, 39(8), 757-762.
  • Kavlak, E., Kara, G., Tekin, F., Altuğ, F., Ök, N., & Hande, Ş. (2018). Stress and depression levels of mothers who give care to children with cerebral palsy and mental retardation: a comparison study.
  • Krigger, K. W. (2006). Cerebral palsy: an overview. American family physician, 73(1), 91-100.
  • Lee, E.-H. (2012). Review of the psychometric evidence of the perceived stress scale. Asian nursing research, 6(4), 121-127.
  • Li, F., Wu, Y., & Li, X. (2014). Test-retest reliability and inter-rater reliability of the Modified Tardieu Scale and the Modified Ashworth Scale in hemiplegic patients with stroke. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med, 50(1), 9-15.
  • Liao, H. F., Jeny, S. F., Lai, J. S., Cheng, C. K., & Hu, M. H. (1997). The relation between standing balance and walking function in children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 39(2), 106-112.
  • Msall, M. E., DiGaudio, K., Duffy, L. C., LaForest, S., Braun, S., & Granger, C. V. (1994). WeeFIM: normative sample of an instrument for tracking functional independence in children. Clinical pediatrics, 33(7), 431-438.
  • Mutlu, A., Livanelioglu, A., & Gunel, M. K. (2008). Reliability of Ashworth and Modified Ashworth scales in children with spastic cerebral palsy. BMC musculoskeletal disorders, 9(1), 44.
  • Palisano, R. J., Rosenbaum, P., Bartlett, D., & Livingston, M. H. (2008). Content validity of the expanded and revised Gross Motor Function Classification System. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 50(10), 744-750.
  • Park, E.-Y. (2018). Path analysis of strength, spasticity, gross motor function, and health-related quality of life in children with spastic cerebral palsy. Health and quality of life outcomes, 16(1), 1-7.
  • Rosenbaum, P., Paneth, N., Leviton, A., Goldstein, M., Bax, M., Damiano, D., . . . Jacobsson, B. (2007). A report: the definition and classification of cerebral palsy April 2006. Dev Med Child Neurol Suppl, 109(suppl 109), 8-14.
  • Rosenbaum, P. L., Palisano, R. J., Bartlett, D. J., Galuppi, B. E., & Russell, D. J. (2008). Development of the gross motor function classification system for cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 50(4), 249-253.
  • Ross, S. A., & Engsberg, J. R. (2007). Relationships between spasticity, strength, gait, and the GMFM-66 in persons with spastic diplegia cerebral palsy. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, 88(9), 1114-1120.
  • Sankar, C., & Mundkur, N. (2005). Cerebral palsy-definition, classification, etiology and early diagnosis. The Indian Journal of Pediatrics, 72(10), 865-868.
  • Serdaroglu, A., Cansu, A., Md, S. Ö., & Tezcan, S. (2006). Prevalence of cerebral palsy in Turkish children between the ages of 2 and 16 years. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 48(6), 413-416.
  • Shamsoddini, A., Amirsalari, S., Hollisaz, M.-T., Rahimnia, A., & Khatibi-Aghda, A. (2014). Management of spasticity in children with cerebral palsy. Iranian journal of pediatrics, 24(4), 345.
  • Siritaratiwat, W., Inthachom, R., & Warnset, S. (2012). The usage of a hand-made chair at home for children with moderate to severe cerebral palsy: preliminary study. Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand= Chotmaihet thangphaet, 95(2), 198.
  • Stetz, K. M., & Brown, M. A. (1997). Taking care: caregiving to persons with cancer and AIDS. Cancer Nursing, 20(1), 12-22.
  • Streiner, D. L., Norman, G. R., & Cairney, J. (2015). Health measurement scales: a practical guide to their development and use: Oxford University Press, USA.
  • Tur, B. S., Küçükdeveci, A. A., Kutlay, Ş., Yavuzer, G., Elhan, A. H., & Tennant, A. (2009). Psychometric properties of the WeeFIM in children with cerebral palsy in Turkey. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 51(9), 732-738.
Year 2021, Volume: 4 Issue: 1, 38 - 44, 20.06.2021
https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.833840

Abstract

Supporting Institution

Yok

Project Number

Yok

Thanks

Yok

References

  • Akmeşe, P. P., Mutlu, A., & Günel, M. K. (2007). Serebral paralizili çocukların annelerinin kaygı düzeyinin araştırılması. Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Dergisi, 50, 236-240.
  • Bakas, T., & Champion, V. (1999). Development and psychometric testing of the Bakas Caregiving Outcomes Scale. Nursing Research, 48(5), 250-259.
  • Bakas, T., Champion, V., Perkins, S. M., Farran, C. J., & Williams, L. S. (2006). Psychometric testing of the revised 15-item Bakas Caregiving Outcomes Scale. Nursing Research, 55(5), 346-355.
  • Charalambous, C. P. (2014). Interrater reliability of a modified Ashworth scale of muscle spasticity. In Classic papers in orthopaedics (pp. 415-417): Springer.
  • Deniz, M. E., Dilmaç, B., & Arıcak, O. T. (2009). Engelli çocuğa sahip olan ebeveynlerin durumluk-sürekli kaygı ve yaşam doyumlarının incelenmesi. Uluslararası İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(1), 953-968.
  • El, Ö., Peker, Ö., Bozan, Ö., Berk, H., & Koşay, C. (2007). Serebral palsi hastalarının genel özellikleri. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, 21(2), 75-80.
  • Eminel, A. G., Kahraman, T., & Genc, A. (2020). Physical workload during caregiving activities and related factors among the caregivers of children with cerebral palsy. Irish Journal of Medical Science (1971-), 1-9.
  • Eskin, M., Harlak, H., Demirkıran, F., & Dereboy, Ç. (2013). Algılanan stres ölçeğinin Türkçeye uyarlanması: güvenirlik ve geçerlik analizi.
  • Fernández-Alcántara, M., García-Caro, M. P., Laynez-Rubio, C., Pérez-Marfil, M. N., Martí-García, C., Benítez-Feliponi, Á., . . . Cruz-Quintana, F. (2015). Feelings of loss in parents of children with infantile cerebral palsy. Disability and health journal, 8(1), 93-101.
  • Fritz, H., & Sewell-Roberts, C. (2020). Family stress associated with cerebral palsy. Cerebral palsy, 515-545.
  • Garip, Y., Ozel, S., Tuncer, O. B., Kilinc, G., Seckin, F., & Arasil, T. (2017). Fatigue in the mothers of children with cerebral palsy. Disability and rehabilitation, 39(8), 757-762.
  • Kavlak, E., Kara, G., Tekin, F., Altuğ, F., Ök, N., & Hande, Ş. (2018). Stress and depression levels of mothers who give care to children with cerebral palsy and mental retardation: a comparison study.
  • Krigger, K. W. (2006). Cerebral palsy: an overview. American family physician, 73(1), 91-100.
  • Lee, E.-H. (2012). Review of the psychometric evidence of the perceived stress scale. Asian nursing research, 6(4), 121-127.
  • Li, F., Wu, Y., & Li, X. (2014). Test-retest reliability and inter-rater reliability of the Modified Tardieu Scale and the Modified Ashworth Scale in hemiplegic patients with stroke. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med, 50(1), 9-15.
  • Liao, H. F., Jeny, S. F., Lai, J. S., Cheng, C. K., & Hu, M. H. (1997). The relation between standing balance and walking function in children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 39(2), 106-112.
  • Msall, M. E., DiGaudio, K., Duffy, L. C., LaForest, S., Braun, S., & Granger, C. V. (1994). WeeFIM: normative sample of an instrument for tracking functional independence in children. Clinical pediatrics, 33(7), 431-438.
  • Mutlu, A., Livanelioglu, A., & Gunel, M. K. (2008). Reliability of Ashworth and Modified Ashworth scales in children with spastic cerebral palsy. BMC musculoskeletal disorders, 9(1), 44.
  • Palisano, R. J., Rosenbaum, P., Bartlett, D., & Livingston, M. H. (2008). Content validity of the expanded and revised Gross Motor Function Classification System. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 50(10), 744-750.
  • Park, E.-Y. (2018). Path analysis of strength, spasticity, gross motor function, and health-related quality of life in children with spastic cerebral palsy. Health and quality of life outcomes, 16(1), 1-7.
  • Rosenbaum, P., Paneth, N., Leviton, A., Goldstein, M., Bax, M., Damiano, D., . . . Jacobsson, B. (2007). A report: the definition and classification of cerebral palsy April 2006. Dev Med Child Neurol Suppl, 109(suppl 109), 8-14.
  • Rosenbaum, P. L., Palisano, R. J., Bartlett, D. J., Galuppi, B. E., & Russell, D. J. (2008). Development of the gross motor function classification system for cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 50(4), 249-253.
  • Ross, S. A., & Engsberg, J. R. (2007). Relationships between spasticity, strength, gait, and the GMFM-66 in persons with spastic diplegia cerebral palsy. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, 88(9), 1114-1120.
  • Sankar, C., & Mundkur, N. (2005). Cerebral palsy-definition, classification, etiology and early diagnosis. The Indian Journal of Pediatrics, 72(10), 865-868.
  • Serdaroglu, A., Cansu, A., Md, S. Ö., & Tezcan, S. (2006). Prevalence of cerebral palsy in Turkish children between the ages of 2 and 16 years. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 48(6), 413-416.
  • Shamsoddini, A., Amirsalari, S., Hollisaz, M.-T., Rahimnia, A., & Khatibi-Aghda, A. (2014). Management of spasticity in children with cerebral palsy. Iranian journal of pediatrics, 24(4), 345.
  • Siritaratiwat, W., Inthachom, R., & Warnset, S. (2012). The usage of a hand-made chair at home for children with moderate to severe cerebral palsy: preliminary study. Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand= Chotmaihet thangphaet, 95(2), 198.
  • Stetz, K. M., & Brown, M. A. (1997). Taking care: caregiving to persons with cancer and AIDS. Cancer Nursing, 20(1), 12-22.
  • Streiner, D. L., Norman, G. R., & Cairney, J. (2015). Health measurement scales: a practical guide to their development and use: Oxford University Press, USA.
  • Tur, B. S., Küçükdeveci, A. A., Kutlay, Ş., Yavuzer, G., Elhan, A. H., & Tennant, A. (2009). Psychometric properties of the WeeFIM in children with cerebral palsy in Turkey. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 51(9), 732-738.
There are 30 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Sports Medicine
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Fatih Özden 0000-0001-6593-3758

Ahmet Arık This is me 0000-0003-4619-8692

Mehmet Özkeskin 0000-0001-7052-9549

Serkan Bakırhan 0000-0003-0044-8203

Project Number Yok
Publication Date June 20, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 4 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Özden, F., Arık, A., Özkeskin, M., Bakırhan, S. (2021). The Relationship Between Caregiver Workload and Stress Levels with Clinical Symptom Severity in Cerebral Palsy. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences, 4(1), 38-44. https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.833840
AMA Özden F, Arık A, Özkeskin M, Bakırhan S. The Relationship Between Caregiver Workload and Stress Levels with Clinical Symptom Severity in Cerebral Palsy. International Journal of Disabilities Sports &Health Sciences. June 2021;4(1):38-44. doi:10.33438/ijdshs.833840
Chicago Özden, Fatih, Ahmet Arık, Mehmet Özkeskin, and Serkan Bakırhan. “The Relationship Between Caregiver Workload and Stress Levels With Clinical Symptom Severity in Cerebral Palsy”. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences 4, no. 1 (June 2021): 38-44. https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.833840.
EndNote Özden F, Arık A, Özkeskin M, Bakırhan S (June 1, 2021) The Relationship Between Caregiver Workload and Stress Levels with Clinical Symptom Severity in Cerebral Palsy. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences 4 1 38–44.
IEEE F. Özden, A. Arık, M. Özkeskin, and S. Bakırhan, “The Relationship Between Caregiver Workload and Stress Levels with Clinical Symptom Severity in Cerebral Palsy”, International Journal of Disabilities Sports &Health Sciences, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 38–44, 2021, doi: 10.33438/ijdshs.833840.
ISNAD Özden, Fatih et al. “The Relationship Between Caregiver Workload and Stress Levels With Clinical Symptom Severity in Cerebral Palsy”. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences 4/1 (June 2021), 38-44. https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.833840.
JAMA Özden F, Arık A, Özkeskin M, Bakırhan S. The Relationship Between Caregiver Workload and Stress Levels with Clinical Symptom Severity in Cerebral Palsy. International Journal of Disabilities Sports &Health Sciences. 2021;4:38–44.
MLA Özden, Fatih et al. “The Relationship Between Caregiver Workload and Stress Levels With Clinical Symptom Severity in Cerebral Palsy”. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences, vol. 4, no. 1, 2021, pp. 38-44, doi:10.33438/ijdshs.833840.
Vancouver Özden F, Arık A, Özkeskin M, Bakırhan S. The Relationship Between Caregiver Workload and Stress Levels with Clinical Symptom Severity in Cerebral Palsy. International Journal of Disabilities Sports &Health Sciences. 2021;4(1):38-44.


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