Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

SHIGERU BAN AND “TEMPORARY SHELTER” CONCEPT

Year 2021, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 65 - 90, 30.09.2021

Abstract

Natural disasters cause adverse impact on human life. It is always necessary to be cautious about the possible consequences of natural disasters that cannot be predicted as to when they will occur. Even though many problems are encoun-tered during, before and after the disaster, the most important of these problems is ‘sheltering’. Because natural disasters such as earthquakes, floods, and hurri-canes, that have destructive outcomes, can result in the failure to provide shelter which is one of the most fundamental needs of human beings. Tent type shelters, that are usually distributed by charities, are not capable of meeting all needs and providing comfort for long-term use. Therefore, ‘temporary shelters’ that are designed to adapt to existing conditions rise to prominence. It is necessary for these shelters to be rapidly buildable in emergencies. Hence, it is important to benefit from easily accessible materials with simple solutions and economic methods in its construction. Famous architect Shigeru Ban, who has made a name for himself with his recyclable and sustainable designs, has also generated a solution for sheltering problems in disaster areas, with a sheltering system he designed as a result of post-disaster needs. He considered the materials that can be found in the region where the disaster occurred, climate of the region, and the culture of the local people while creating his design. He emphasized the partici-patory production style that the local people participate in the construction pro-cess of the shelters. Thus, it is possible to provide sustainability in the construc-tion process as well as in the design of the shelters. Local community, that partic-ipate in the construction, gain awareness on temporary sheltering, and knowledge and skills on construction methods. Within the scope of this study, different type of shelters for different disaster areas designed by Ban were ana-lyzed, and as a result of this analysis common points of these examples were es-tablished. While the construction methods of the chosen temporary shelter de-signs are similar, they also differ depending on local characteristics. It is thought that the examples discussed in the study can be temporary solutions to the shel-tering problems that may be experienced in the event of an undesirable situation after a disaster. Teaching the production methods of these shelters with simple educational activities and providing awareness of local participation in the pro-duction will be one of the most effective social advantages that can be obtained after the disaster.

References

  • Url-1: https://maisonfrancaise.com.tr/genel/pritzker-2014te-yine-yeniden-bir-japon-mimar-shigeru-ban.html, E.T.:11.11.2019
  • Url-2: https://tur.architecturaldesignschool.com/shigeru-ban-creates-temporary-shelter-system-11543, E.T.:11.11.2019
  • Url-3: https://www.arkitera.com/haber/shigeru-bandan-japonyadaki-taskinlar-icin-gecici-siginak-sistemi/, E.T.: 10.11.2019
  • Url-4: https://www.ted.com/talks/shigeru_ban_emergency_shelters_made_from_paper?language=tr#t-684665, E.T.:10.11.2019
  • Url-5: https://nevart.net/shigeru-ban-kimdir-6540/, E.T:10.11.2019
  • Url-6:https://www.archdaily.com/489255/the-humanitarian-works-of-shigeru-ban/532b2346c07a80b50b000029-the-humanitarian-works-of-shigeru-ban-image?next_project=no, E.T. :13.11.2019
  • Url-7: https://www.google.com/maps/place/Kaynaşlı, E.T.:13.11.2019
  • Url-8: https://deprem.afad.gov.tr/tarihteBuAy?id=61 , E.T.:11.11.2019
  • Url-9: https://www.arkitera.com/haber/kagittan-evler/, E.T.:10.11.2019
  • Url-10:https://www.archdaily.com/489255/the-humanitarian-works-of-shigeru-ban, E.T.:13.11.2019
  • Url-11:http://www.mozaikdesign.com/en/contracts/kagittan-evler/, E.T.: 13.11.2019
  • Url-12:http://www.shigerubanarchitects.com/works/2018_hokkaido/index.html, E.T.:15.11.2019
  • Url-13: https://www.google.com/maps/place/Hokkaido/, E.T.:10.12.2019
  • Url-14: https://www.google.com/maps/search/Dhaneti,+Gujarat+Eyaleti,+Hindistan/@23.2576699,69.909241,15z/data=!3m1!4b1, E.T.:18.12.2019
  • Url-15:https://www.damnmagazine.net/2016/07/07/paper-to-the-rescue/,E.T.:25.12.2019s
  • Url-16: http://www.shigerubanarchitects.com/works/1995_paper_log_house_kobe/index.html, E.T.:01.01.2020
  • Url-17:http://www.shigerubanarchitects.com/works/2005_paper-partition-system-2/index.html, E.T.:01.01.2020
  • Url-18: https://www.google.com/maps/place/Fukuoka,+Japonya/ , E.T. 02.01.2020
  • Url-19:http://www.shigerubanarchitects.com/works/2005_paper-partition-system-2/index.html , E.T.:02.01.2020
  • Url-20:https://www.google.com/maps/place/Ruanda/@-1, E.T.:03.01.2020
  • Url-21:https://docplayer.biz.tr/3860188-Japonya-dan-aydinlik-esintiler-3-shigeru-ban-konferansi-yapildi.html , E.T.:04.01.2020
  • Url-22:http://www.shigerubanarchitects.com/works/2014_PaperEmergencyShelter-Philippines/index.html, E.T.:05.01.2020
  • Url-23:https://www.google.com/maps/place/Cebu+City,+Cebu,+Filipinler/, E.T.:05.01.2020
  • Url-24: http://www.shigerubanarchitects.com/works/2001_paper-log-house-india/index.html, E.T.:10.12.2019
  • Url-25: https://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler/2013/11/131112_haiyan_tayfun_filipinler, E.T.:28.08.2020
  • Url-26: https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/10/15/t-magazine/shigeru-ban.html, E.T.:06.01.2020

SHIGERU BAN VE “GEÇİCİ BARINAK” KAVRAMI

Year 2021, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 65 - 90, 30.09.2021

Abstract

Doğal afetler, insan yaşamında olumsuz etkilere sebep olmaktadır. Ne zaman meydana geleceği öngörülemeyen doğal afetlerin olası sonuçlarına karşı, her zaman tedbirli olmak gerekmektedir. Afet anında, öncesinde ve sonrasında pek çok sorun ile karşılaşılsa da bunlardan en önemlisi 'barınacak yer' sorunudur. Çünkü deprem, sel, kasırga gibi yıkıcı sonuçlar doğuran doğal afetler, insanların en temel ihtiyaçlarından birisi olan barınma ihtiyacının karşılanamamasına sebep olabilmektedir. Genellikle, yardım kuruluşları tarafından dağıtılan, çadır tipi ba-rınaklar, tüm ihtiyaçlara cevap verebilecek ve uzun süreli kullanımlarda konfor sağlayabilecek nitelikte değildir. Bu sebeple, mevcut koşullara uyum sağlayabi-lecek şekilde tasarlanmış olan 'geçici barınaklar' ön plana çıkmaktadır. Bu barı-nakların, acil durumlarda hızlıca inşa edilebilir özellikte olması gerekmektedir. Dolayısıyla, yapımında basit çözümler ve ekonomik yöntemlerle, kolay ulaşılabi-lir malzemelerden faydalanılması önem teşkil eder. Geri dönüştürülebilir ve sür-dürülebilir tasarımları ile adından sıkça söz ettiren ünlü mimar Shigeru Ban, afet sonrası ihtiyaçlar sonucunda tasarladığı barınak sistemleriyle, afet bölgelerinde yaşanılan barınak sorununa da çözüm üretmiştir. Tasarımlarını oluştururken afet-lerin meydana geldiği bölgede bulunabilecek malzemeleri, bölgenin iklimini ve bölge halkının kültürünü göz önünde bulunduran mimar, barınakların inşa süre-cinde yerel halkın katıldığı, katılımcı üretim biçimine önem vermiştir. Bu sayede barınakların tasarımında olduğu kadar, inşa aşamasında da sürdürülebilirliğin sağlanması mümkün olmaktadır. İnşa faaliyetlerine katılan yerel halk, geçici ba-rınak konusunda bilinç, yapım yöntemleri konusunda bilgi ve beceri kazanmak-tadır.
Bu çalışma kapsamında, Ban'ın farklı afet bölgeleri için tasarladığı, farklı barınak tipleri incelenmiş, bu inceleme sonucunda, söz konusu örneklerin ortak noktaları belirlenmiştir. Seçilen geçici barınak tasarımlarının yapım yöntemleri benzer ol-makla birlikte, yerel özelliklere bağlı olarak farklılıklar da göstermektedir. Ça-lışmada ele alınan örneklerin, afet sonrası istenmeyen bir durum oluşması halin-de, yaşanabilecek barınma problemlerine geçici çözümler olabileceği düşünül-mektedir. Bu barınakların üretim yöntemlerinin basit eğitim faaliyetleri ile öğre-tilmesi ve üretime yerel katılım bilincinin sağlanması, afet sonrasında elde olabi-lecek en etkili toplumsal avantajlardan biri olacaktır.

References

  • Url-1: https://maisonfrancaise.com.tr/genel/pritzker-2014te-yine-yeniden-bir-japon-mimar-shigeru-ban.html, E.T.:11.11.2019
  • Url-2: https://tur.architecturaldesignschool.com/shigeru-ban-creates-temporary-shelter-system-11543, E.T.:11.11.2019
  • Url-3: https://www.arkitera.com/haber/shigeru-bandan-japonyadaki-taskinlar-icin-gecici-siginak-sistemi/, E.T.: 10.11.2019
  • Url-4: https://www.ted.com/talks/shigeru_ban_emergency_shelters_made_from_paper?language=tr#t-684665, E.T.:10.11.2019
  • Url-5: https://nevart.net/shigeru-ban-kimdir-6540/, E.T:10.11.2019
  • Url-6:https://www.archdaily.com/489255/the-humanitarian-works-of-shigeru-ban/532b2346c07a80b50b000029-the-humanitarian-works-of-shigeru-ban-image?next_project=no, E.T. :13.11.2019
  • Url-7: https://www.google.com/maps/place/Kaynaşlı, E.T.:13.11.2019
  • Url-8: https://deprem.afad.gov.tr/tarihteBuAy?id=61 , E.T.:11.11.2019
  • Url-9: https://www.arkitera.com/haber/kagittan-evler/, E.T.:10.11.2019
  • Url-10:https://www.archdaily.com/489255/the-humanitarian-works-of-shigeru-ban, E.T.:13.11.2019
  • Url-11:http://www.mozaikdesign.com/en/contracts/kagittan-evler/, E.T.: 13.11.2019
  • Url-12:http://www.shigerubanarchitects.com/works/2018_hokkaido/index.html, E.T.:15.11.2019
  • Url-13: https://www.google.com/maps/place/Hokkaido/, E.T.:10.12.2019
  • Url-14: https://www.google.com/maps/search/Dhaneti,+Gujarat+Eyaleti,+Hindistan/@23.2576699,69.909241,15z/data=!3m1!4b1, E.T.:18.12.2019
  • Url-15:https://www.damnmagazine.net/2016/07/07/paper-to-the-rescue/,E.T.:25.12.2019s
  • Url-16: http://www.shigerubanarchitects.com/works/1995_paper_log_house_kobe/index.html, E.T.:01.01.2020
  • Url-17:http://www.shigerubanarchitects.com/works/2005_paper-partition-system-2/index.html, E.T.:01.01.2020
  • Url-18: https://www.google.com/maps/place/Fukuoka,+Japonya/ , E.T. 02.01.2020
  • Url-19:http://www.shigerubanarchitects.com/works/2005_paper-partition-system-2/index.html , E.T.:02.01.2020
  • Url-20:https://www.google.com/maps/place/Ruanda/@-1, E.T.:03.01.2020
  • Url-21:https://docplayer.biz.tr/3860188-Japonya-dan-aydinlik-esintiler-3-shigeru-ban-konferansi-yapildi.html , E.T.:04.01.2020
  • Url-22:http://www.shigerubanarchitects.com/works/2014_PaperEmergencyShelter-Philippines/index.html, E.T.:05.01.2020
  • Url-23:https://www.google.com/maps/place/Cebu+City,+Cebu,+Filipinler/, E.T.:05.01.2020
  • Url-24: http://www.shigerubanarchitects.com/works/2001_paper-log-house-india/index.html, E.T.:10.12.2019
  • Url-25: https://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler/2013/11/131112_haiyan_tayfun_filipinler, E.T.:28.08.2020
  • Url-26: https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/10/15/t-magazine/shigeru-ban.html, E.T.:06.01.2020
There are 26 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Uğur Özcan

Betül Güler This is me

Büşra Korkmaz

Publication Date September 30, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 5 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Özcan, U., Güler, B., & Korkmaz, B. (2021). SHIGERU BAN AND “TEMPORARY SHELTER” CONCEPT. International Journal of Social And Humanities Sciences, 5(2), 65-90.
AMA Özcan U, Güler B, Korkmaz B. SHIGERU BAN AND “TEMPORARY SHELTER” CONCEPT. IJSHS. September 2021;5(2):65-90.
Chicago Özcan, Uğur, Betül Güler, and Büşra Korkmaz. “SHIGERU BAN AND ‘TEMPORARY SHELTER’ CONCEPT”. International Journal of Social And Humanities Sciences 5, no. 2 (September 2021): 65-90.
EndNote Özcan U, Güler B, Korkmaz B (September 1, 2021) SHIGERU BAN AND “TEMPORARY SHELTER” CONCEPT. International Journal of Social And Humanities Sciences 5 2 65–90.
IEEE U. Özcan, B. Güler, and B. Korkmaz, “SHIGERU BAN AND ‘TEMPORARY SHELTER’ CONCEPT”, IJSHS, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 65–90, 2021.
ISNAD Özcan, Uğur et al. “SHIGERU BAN AND ‘TEMPORARY SHELTER’ CONCEPT”. International Journal of Social And Humanities Sciences 5/2 (September 2021), 65-90.
JAMA Özcan U, Güler B, Korkmaz B. SHIGERU BAN AND “TEMPORARY SHELTER” CONCEPT. IJSHS. 2021;5:65–90.
MLA Özcan, Uğur et al. “SHIGERU BAN AND ‘TEMPORARY SHELTER’ CONCEPT”. International Journal of Social And Humanities Sciences, vol. 5, no. 2, 2021, pp. 65-90.
Vancouver Özcan U, Güler B, Korkmaz B. SHIGERU BAN AND “TEMPORARY SHELTER” CONCEPT. IJSHS. 2021;5(2):65-90.