Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Evaluation of personal protective behaviors among healthcare workers after receiving COVID-19 vaccination

Year 2023, Volume: 13 Issue: 3, 418 - 425, 31.05.2023
https://doi.org/10.16899/jcm.1221630

Abstract

Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate personal protective behaviors after COVID-19 vaccination in healthcare workers.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with healthcare workers (physician, dentist, midwife, nurse, health officer or emergency medicine technician) in Bursa City Hospital between September 1, 2021 and September 1, 2022. Data was collected with a questionnaire form which was sent to participants via WhatsApp or email.
Results: All participants had received at least one dose of a COVID-19 vaccine and 31.0% had had experienced at least one COVID-19 infection. It was determined that while the use of N95 masks in the workplace (p<0.001) and in daily life (p<0.001) decreased following vaccination among healthcare workers, the use of three-layer surgical masks increased. The great majority did not alter behaviors after vaccination. The frequency of being present in crowded places was higher in those without a history of COVID-19 (p=0.023). In the multivariable regression analysis, a reported ‘decrease’ in the number of masks used in the workplace was associated with profession (those other than Nurse/Midwife/Health officer) and smoking status (non-smokers) (p=0.001 and p=0.025, respectively).
Conclusions: It can be said that healthcare professionals maintain their personal protective behaviors in the hospital and in daily life even after receiving COVID-19 vaccination. Of note, healthcare workers other than Nurse/Midwife/Health officer and non-smokers had a higher likelihood of reporting a decrease in the number of masks they were using in the workplace.

References

  • 1. Escobar-Morreale HF. Polycystic ovary syndrome: definition, aetiology, diagnosis and treatment. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2018;14(5):270-84.
  • 2. Da Silva SJR, Do Nascimento JCF, Germano Mendes RP, Guarines KM, Targino Alves Da Silva C, Da Silva PG, et al. Two Years into the COVID-19 Pandemic: Lessons Learned. ACS Infect Dis. 2022;8(9):1758-814.
  • 3. Brüssow H, Zuber S. Can a combination of vaccination and face mask wearing contain the COVID‐19 pandemic? Microb Biotechnol. 2022;15(3):721-37.
  • 4. Ollila M-M, West S, Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi S, Jokelainen J, Auvinen J, Puukka K, et al. Overweight and obese but not normal weight women with PCOS are at increased risk of Type 2 diabetes mellitus—a prospective, population-based cohort study. Hum Reprod. 2017;32(2):423-31.
  • 5. Bartsch SM, O'shea KJ, Chin KL, Strych U, Ferguson MC, Bottazzi ME, et al. Maintaining face mask use before and after achieving different COVID-19 vaccination coverage levels: a modelling study. Lancet Public Health. 2022;7(4):e356-e65.
  • 6. Karacan I, Koyuncu H, Pekel Ö, Sümbüloğlu G, Kırnap M, Dursun H, et al. Traumatic spinal cord injuries in Turkey: a nation-wide epidemiological study. Spinal Cord. 2000;38(11):697-701.
  • 7. Hedlund J. Risky business: safety regulations, risk compensation, and individual behavior. Inj Prev. 2000;6(2):82-9.
  • 8. Peltzman S. The effects of automobile safety regulation. J Polit Econ. 1975;83(4):677-725.
  • 9. Trogen B, Caplan A. Risk compensation and COVID-19 vaccines. American College of Physicians; 2021. p. 858-9.
  • 10. Usherwood T, Lajoie Z, Srivastava V. A model and predictions for COVID-19 considering population behavior and vaccination. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):12051.
  • 11. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, NIOSH-approved N95 Particulate Filtering Facepiece Respirators [Access date:25.01.2023] Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npptl/topics/respirators/disp_part/N95list1sect2-l.html,
  • 12. Pasquali R, Gambineri A. Polycystic ovary syndrome: a multifaceted disease from adolescence to adult age. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2006;1092(1):158-74.
  • 13. Ministry of Health Republic of Turkey. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Covid-19 Aşısı Bilgilendirme Platformu 2022 [Available from: https://covid19asi.saglik.gov.tr/.
  • 14. Youssef S, Stuve O, Patarroyo JC, Ruiz PJ, Radosevich JL, Hur EM, et al. The HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, atorvastatin, promotes a Th2 bias and reverses paralysis in central nervous system autoimmune disease. Nature. 2002;420(6911):78-84.
  • 15. Alagoz O, Sethi AK, Patterson BW, Churpek M, Alhanaee G, Scaria E, et al. The impact of vaccination to control COVID-19 burden in the United States: A simulation modeling approach. PLoS One. 2021;16(7):e0254456.
  • 16. Trogen B, Caplan A. Risk Compensation and COVID-19 Vaccines. Ann Intern Med. 2021;174(6):858-9.
  • 17. World Health Organization, Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): Masks [Access date: 16.09.2022] Available from: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/question-and-answers-hub/q-a-detail/coronavirus-disease-covid-19-masks.
  • 18. Kaim A, Saban M. Are we suffering from the Peltzman effect? Risk perception among recovered and vaccinated people during the COVID-19 pandemic in Israel. Public Health. 2022;209:19-22.
  • 19. Zhang N, Liu X, Jin T, Zhao P, Miao D, Lei H, et al. Weakening personal protective behavior by Chinese university students after COVID-19 vaccination. Build Environ. 2021;206:108367.
  • 20. Varas S, Elorrieta F, Vargas C, Villalobos Dintrans P, Castillo C, Martinez Y, et al. Factors associated with change in adherence to COVID-19 personal protection measures in the Metropolitan Region, Chile. PLoS One. 2022;17(5):e0267413.
  • 21. Karayürek F, Çebi AT, Gülses A, Ayna M. The impact of COVID-19 vaccination on anxiety levels of Turkish dental professionals and their attitude in clinical care: A cross-sectional study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(19):10373.
  • 22. Calamari LE, Tjaden AH, Edelstein SL, Weintraub WS, Santos R, Gibbs M, et al. Self-Reported Mask Use among Persons with or without SARS CoV-2 Vaccination—United States, December 2020–August 2021. Prev Med Rep. 2022:101857.
  • 23. Zhang N, Lei H, Li L, Jin T, Liu X, Miao D, et al. COVID-19 Vaccination Did Not Change the Personal Protective Behaviors of Healthcare Workers in China. Front Public Health. 2021;9:777426.
  • 24. O'donohue LS, Fletcher-Gutowski S, Sidhu A, Verma A, Phillips TC, Misra PG. Mask use among health care workers and feelings of safety at work pre-and post-COVID-19 vaccine. Am J Infect Control. 2022;50(5):503-8.
  • 25. López AM, Borges IC, Luna-Muschi A, Peres CHM, Carreño PG, De Oliveira AM, et al. Risk factors for reduction in adherence to protective measures following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination and vaccine perceptions among healthcare workers, in São Paulo, Brazil. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2022:1-3.
  • 26. Kaim A, Siman-Tov M, Jaffe E, Adini B. From isolation to containment: Perceived fear of infectivity and protective behavioral changes during the COVID-19 vaccination campaign. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(12):6503.
  • 27. Park DH, Lee E, Jung J, Kang CK, Song K-H, Choe PG, et al. Changes in Anxiety Level and Personal Protective Equipment Use Among Healthcare Workers Exposed to COVID-19. jkms. 2022;37(16):e126.
  • 28. Rahamim-Cohen D, Gazit S, Perez G, Nada B, Moshe SB, Mizrahi-Reuveni M, et al. Survey of behaviour attitudes towards preventive measures following COVID-19 vaccination. medRxiv. 2021.
  • 29. Kaya Zaman F. A View of Smoking from the Covid-19 Perspective. Klinik Tıp Aile Hekimliği. 2020;12(2):48 - 53
  • 30. Peixoto SV, Nascimento-Souza MA, Mambrini JVDM, Andrade FBD, Malta DC, Lima-Costa MF. Health behaviours and the adoption of individual protection measures during the new coronavirus pandemic: The ELSI-COVID-19 initiative. Cad Saude Publica. 2020;36(Suppl 3):e00195420.
  • 31. Uddin S, Imam T, Khushi M, Khan A, Moni MA. How did socio-demographic status and personal attributes influence compliance to COVID-19 preventive behaviours during the early outbreak in Japan? Lessons for pandemic management. Pers Individ Dif. 2021;175:110692.
  • 32. Kim J, Yun I, Kim H, Park E-C, Jang S-I. The effect of depression on compliance with physical distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic. 2022:1-13.
  • 33. Ezati Rad R, Mohseni S, Kamalzadeh Takhti H, Hassani Azad M, Shahabi N, Aghamolaei T, et al. Application of the protection motivation theory for predicting COVID-19 preventive behaviors in Hormozgan, Iran: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2021;21(1):466.
  • 34. Hosen I, Pakpour AH, Sakib N, Hussain N, Al Mamun F, Mamun MA. Knowledge and preventive behaviors regarding COVID-19 in Bangladesh: a nationwide distribution. PLoS One. 2021;16(5):e0251151.
  • 35. Massey ZB, Duong HT, Churchill V, Popova L. Examining reactions to smoking and COVID-19 risk messages: An experimental study with people who smoke. Int J Drug Policy. 2022;102:103607.
  • 36. Patterson NJ, Paz-Soldan VA, Oberhelman R, Moses L, Madkour A, Miles TT. Exploring perceived risk for COVID-19 and its role in protective behavior and COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy: a qualitative study after the first wave. BMC Public Health. 2022;22(1):503.
  • 37. Ricotta EE, Kwan JL, Smith BA, Evans NG. Chronic diseases: Perceptions about Covid-19 risk and vaccination. medRxiv. 2021.
  • 38. Chan EYY, Kim JH, Kwok K-O, Huang Z, Hung KKC, Wong ELY, et al. Population adherence to infection control behaviors during Hong Kong’s first and third COVID-19 waves: A serial cross-sectional study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(21):11176.
  • 39. Hadizadeh-Talasaz F, Delshad Noghabi A, Mohammadzadeh F. Relationship between Socio-Demographic Factors and Adherence to Social Distancing Recommendations During Covid-19 Pandemic in Gonabad, Iran: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Community Based Nurs Midwifery. 2022;10(2):134-45.

COVID-19 aşısı yaptıran sağlık çalışanlarının kişisel koruyucu davranışlarının değerlendirilmesi

Year 2023, Volume: 13 Issue: 3, 418 - 425, 31.05.2023
https://doi.org/10.16899/jcm.1221630

Abstract

Amaç: Çalışmanın amacı, sağlık çalışanlarında COVID-19 aşılaması sonrası kişisel koruyucu davranışların değerlendirilmesidir.
Yöntem: Bu kesitsel araştırma, 1 Eylül 2021-1 Eylül 2022 tarihleri arasında Bursa Şehir Hastanesinde sağlık çalışanları (hekim, diş hekimi, ebe, hemşire, sağlık memuru veya acil tıp teknisyeni) ile yapılmıştır. Veriler, WhatsApp veya e-posta yoluyla katılımcılara gönderilen anket formu ile toplanmıştır.
Bulgular: Tüm katılımcılar en az bir doz COVID-19 aşısı almıştı ve %31.0'ı en az bir COVID-19 enfeksiyonu geçirmişti. Sağlık çalışanlarında aşılama sonrası işyerinde (p<0,001) ve günlük hayatta (p<0,001) N95 maske kullanımı azalırken, üç katlı cerrahi maske kullanımının arttığı belirlendi. Büyük çoğunluk aşılamadan sonra davranışlarını değiştirmedi. COVID-19 öyküsü olmayanlarda kalabalık ortamlarda bulunma sıklığı daha yüksekti (p=0,023). Çok değişkenli regresyon analizinde işyerinde kullanılan maske sayısında bildirilen 'azalma' meslek (Hemşire/Ebe/Sağlık memuru dışındakiler) ve sigara içme durumu (sigara içmeyenler) ile ilişkilendirildi (p=0,001 ve p= sırasıyla 0.025).
Sonuç: Sağlık profesyonellerinin hastanede ve günlük yaşamda kişisel koruyucu davranışlarını COVID-19 aşısı olduktan sonra bile sürdürdükleri söylenebilir. Hemşire/Ebe/Sağlık memuru ve sigara içmeyenler dışındaki sağlık çalışanlarının işyerinde kullandıkları maske sayısında azalma bildirme olasılıklarının daha yüksek olduğunu belirtmek gerekir.

References

  • 1. Escobar-Morreale HF. Polycystic ovary syndrome: definition, aetiology, diagnosis and treatment. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2018;14(5):270-84.
  • 2. Da Silva SJR, Do Nascimento JCF, Germano Mendes RP, Guarines KM, Targino Alves Da Silva C, Da Silva PG, et al. Two Years into the COVID-19 Pandemic: Lessons Learned. ACS Infect Dis. 2022;8(9):1758-814.
  • 3. Brüssow H, Zuber S. Can a combination of vaccination and face mask wearing contain the COVID‐19 pandemic? Microb Biotechnol. 2022;15(3):721-37.
  • 4. Ollila M-M, West S, Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi S, Jokelainen J, Auvinen J, Puukka K, et al. Overweight and obese but not normal weight women with PCOS are at increased risk of Type 2 diabetes mellitus—a prospective, population-based cohort study. Hum Reprod. 2017;32(2):423-31.
  • 5. Bartsch SM, O'shea KJ, Chin KL, Strych U, Ferguson MC, Bottazzi ME, et al. Maintaining face mask use before and after achieving different COVID-19 vaccination coverage levels: a modelling study. Lancet Public Health. 2022;7(4):e356-e65.
  • 6. Karacan I, Koyuncu H, Pekel Ö, Sümbüloğlu G, Kırnap M, Dursun H, et al. Traumatic spinal cord injuries in Turkey: a nation-wide epidemiological study. Spinal Cord. 2000;38(11):697-701.
  • 7. Hedlund J. Risky business: safety regulations, risk compensation, and individual behavior. Inj Prev. 2000;6(2):82-9.
  • 8. Peltzman S. The effects of automobile safety regulation. J Polit Econ. 1975;83(4):677-725.
  • 9. Trogen B, Caplan A. Risk compensation and COVID-19 vaccines. American College of Physicians; 2021. p. 858-9.
  • 10. Usherwood T, Lajoie Z, Srivastava V. A model and predictions for COVID-19 considering population behavior and vaccination. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):12051.
  • 11. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, NIOSH-approved N95 Particulate Filtering Facepiece Respirators [Access date:25.01.2023] Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npptl/topics/respirators/disp_part/N95list1sect2-l.html,
  • 12. Pasquali R, Gambineri A. Polycystic ovary syndrome: a multifaceted disease from adolescence to adult age. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2006;1092(1):158-74.
  • 13. Ministry of Health Republic of Turkey. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Covid-19 Aşısı Bilgilendirme Platformu 2022 [Available from: https://covid19asi.saglik.gov.tr/.
  • 14. Youssef S, Stuve O, Patarroyo JC, Ruiz PJ, Radosevich JL, Hur EM, et al. The HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, atorvastatin, promotes a Th2 bias and reverses paralysis in central nervous system autoimmune disease. Nature. 2002;420(6911):78-84.
  • 15. Alagoz O, Sethi AK, Patterson BW, Churpek M, Alhanaee G, Scaria E, et al. The impact of vaccination to control COVID-19 burden in the United States: A simulation modeling approach. PLoS One. 2021;16(7):e0254456.
  • 16. Trogen B, Caplan A. Risk Compensation and COVID-19 Vaccines. Ann Intern Med. 2021;174(6):858-9.
  • 17. World Health Organization, Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): Masks [Access date: 16.09.2022] Available from: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/question-and-answers-hub/q-a-detail/coronavirus-disease-covid-19-masks.
  • 18. Kaim A, Saban M. Are we suffering from the Peltzman effect? Risk perception among recovered and vaccinated people during the COVID-19 pandemic in Israel. Public Health. 2022;209:19-22.
  • 19. Zhang N, Liu X, Jin T, Zhao P, Miao D, Lei H, et al. Weakening personal protective behavior by Chinese university students after COVID-19 vaccination. Build Environ. 2021;206:108367.
  • 20. Varas S, Elorrieta F, Vargas C, Villalobos Dintrans P, Castillo C, Martinez Y, et al. Factors associated with change in adherence to COVID-19 personal protection measures in the Metropolitan Region, Chile. PLoS One. 2022;17(5):e0267413.
  • 21. Karayürek F, Çebi AT, Gülses A, Ayna M. The impact of COVID-19 vaccination on anxiety levels of Turkish dental professionals and their attitude in clinical care: A cross-sectional study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(19):10373.
  • 22. Calamari LE, Tjaden AH, Edelstein SL, Weintraub WS, Santos R, Gibbs M, et al. Self-Reported Mask Use among Persons with or without SARS CoV-2 Vaccination—United States, December 2020–August 2021. Prev Med Rep. 2022:101857.
  • 23. Zhang N, Lei H, Li L, Jin T, Liu X, Miao D, et al. COVID-19 Vaccination Did Not Change the Personal Protective Behaviors of Healthcare Workers in China. Front Public Health. 2021;9:777426.
  • 24. O'donohue LS, Fletcher-Gutowski S, Sidhu A, Verma A, Phillips TC, Misra PG. Mask use among health care workers and feelings of safety at work pre-and post-COVID-19 vaccine. Am J Infect Control. 2022;50(5):503-8.
  • 25. López AM, Borges IC, Luna-Muschi A, Peres CHM, Carreño PG, De Oliveira AM, et al. Risk factors for reduction in adherence to protective measures following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination and vaccine perceptions among healthcare workers, in São Paulo, Brazil. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2022:1-3.
  • 26. Kaim A, Siman-Tov M, Jaffe E, Adini B. From isolation to containment: Perceived fear of infectivity and protective behavioral changes during the COVID-19 vaccination campaign. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(12):6503.
  • 27. Park DH, Lee E, Jung J, Kang CK, Song K-H, Choe PG, et al. Changes in Anxiety Level and Personal Protective Equipment Use Among Healthcare Workers Exposed to COVID-19. jkms. 2022;37(16):e126.
  • 28. Rahamim-Cohen D, Gazit S, Perez G, Nada B, Moshe SB, Mizrahi-Reuveni M, et al. Survey of behaviour attitudes towards preventive measures following COVID-19 vaccination. medRxiv. 2021.
  • 29. Kaya Zaman F. A View of Smoking from the Covid-19 Perspective. Klinik Tıp Aile Hekimliği. 2020;12(2):48 - 53
  • 30. Peixoto SV, Nascimento-Souza MA, Mambrini JVDM, Andrade FBD, Malta DC, Lima-Costa MF. Health behaviours and the adoption of individual protection measures during the new coronavirus pandemic: The ELSI-COVID-19 initiative. Cad Saude Publica. 2020;36(Suppl 3):e00195420.
  • 31. Uddin S, Imam T, Khushi M, Khan A, Moni MA. How did socio-demographic status and personal attributes influence compliance to COVID-19 preventive behaviours during the early outbreak in Japan? Lessons for pandemic management. Pers Individ Dif. 2021;175:110692.
  • 32. Kim J, Yun I, Kim H, Park E-C, Jang S-I. The effect of depression on compliance with physical distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic. 2022:1-13.
  • 33. Ezati Rad R, Mohseni S, Kamalzadeh Takhti H, Hassani Azad M, Shahabi N, Aghamolaei T, et al. Application of the protection motivation theory for predicting COVID-19 preventive behaviors in Hormozgan, Iran: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2021;21(1):466.
  • 34. Hosen I, Pakpour AH, Sakib N, Hussain N, Al Mamun F, Mamun MA. Knowledge and preventive behaviors regarding COVID-19 in Bangladesh: a nationwide distribution. PLoS One. 2021;16(5):e0251151.
  • 35. Massey ZB, Duong HT, Churchill V, Popova L. Examining reactions to smoking and COVID-19 risk messages: An experimental study with people who smoke. Int J Drug Policy. 2022;102:103607.
  • 36. Patterson NJ, Paz-Soldan VA, Oberhelman R, Moses L, Madkour A, Miles TT. Exploring perceived risk for COVID-19 and its role in protective behavior and COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy: a qualitative study after the first wave. BMC Public Health. 2022;22(1):503.
  • 37. Ricotta EE, Kwan JL, Smith BA, Evans NG. Chronic diseases: Perceptions about Covid-19 risk and vaccination. medRxiv. 2021.
  • 38. Chan EYY, Kim JH, Kwok K-O, Huang Z, Hung KKC, Wong ELY, et al. Population adherence to infection control behaviors during Hong Kong’s first and third COVID-19 waves: A serial cross-sectional study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(21):11176.
  • 39. Hadizadeh-Talasaz F, Delshad Noghabi A, Mohammadzadeh F. Relationship between Socio-Demographic Factors and Adherence to Social Distancing Recommendations During Covid-19 Pandemic in Gonabad, Iran: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Community Based Nurs Midwifery. 2022;10(2):134-45.
There are 39 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Original Research
Authors

Zeynep Gümüşkanat Tabur 0000-0002-9678-6145

Hamit Harun Bağcı 0000-0002-0762-193X

Tuğba Güler Sönmez 0000-0002-5622-9774

Publication Date May 31, 2023
Acceptance Date February 2, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 13 Issue: 3

Cite

AMA Gümüşkanat Tabur Z, Bağcı HH, Güler Sönmez T. Evaluation of personal protective behaviors among healthcare workers after receiving COVID-19 vaccination. J Contemp Med. May 2023;13(3):418-425. doi:10.16899/jcm.1221630