Review
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Otizm ve Çevresel İlişkiler: Derleme

Year 2022, Volume: 4 Issue: 1, 73 - 80, 20.04.2022

Esra Daharlı Sinan Yılmaz Zahide Koşan

https://doi.org/10.53472/jenas.1056639

Abstract

Otizm; sosyal iletişimde yetersizlik, tekrarlayıcı davranış, aynılıkta ısrar eden bir yaşam biçiminin bebeklikten itibaren tüm hayat boyu süren bir spektrum bozukluğudur. Çarpıcı bir şekilde görülme sıklığındaki (59:1) artış hastalığın sebeplerine olan ilgiyi beraberinde getirmektedir. Çok sayıda etiyolojik çalışmaya rağmen henüz kesin bir sebep bulunamamış olmakla berber çevresel etmenler genetik yatkınlıkla beraber en çok suçlanan ajanların başında gelmektedir. Bu çalışma otizm- çevre ilişkisinin incelendiği çok sayıda yayının bir derlemesi şeklindedir. Literatürde çevresel maruziyetler açısından yapılmış çalışmaların çoğu ağır metaller ve hava kirliliği üzerine idi. Bazı endokrin bozucular için de çalışmalar olmasına rağmen sonuçlar açısından yeterli çalışma olmadığı görüldü. Ayrıca yapılan çalışmalarda benzer maddelerin farklı ülkelerde farklı sonuçlar doğurduğu tespit edildi. Ülkelere özgü maruziyet farklılıklar dikkate alındığında her ülkenin kendi çevresel kirleticileri ile otizm ilişkisinin araştırıldığı çalışmalara ihtiyaç olduğu sonucuna varıldı.

Keywords

otizm spektrum bozukluğu çevre kirliliği ağır metaller

References

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  • Jafari Mohammadabadi, H., Rahmatian, A., Sayehmiri, F., & Rafiei, M. (2020). The Relationship Between the Level of Copper, Lead, Mercury and Autism Disorders: A Meta-Analysis. Pediatric Health Med Ther, 11, 369-378. https://doi.org/10.2147/phmt.S210042
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Autism and Environmental Relations: Review

Year 2022, Volume: 4 Issue: 1, 73 - 80, 20.04.2022

Esra Daharlı Sinan Yılmaz Zahide Koşan

https://doi.org/10.53472/jenas.1056639

Abstract

Autism; Inadequate social communication, repetitive behavior is a life-long spectrum disorder of a lifestyle that insists on sameness, starting from infancy. The striking increase in incidence (59:1) brings with it an interest in the causes of the disease. Despite numerous etiological studies, a definite cause has not been found yet, and environmental factors are among the most accused agents along with genetic predisposition. This study is in the form of a compilation of many publications examining the relationship between autism and environment. Most of the studies in the literature in terms of environmental exposures were on heavy metals and air pollution. Although there were studies for some endocrine disruptors, it was seen that there were not enough studies in terms of results. In addition, studies have found that similar substances have different results in different countries. Considering the country-specific exposure differences, it was concluded that there is a need for studies investigating the relationship between each country's own environmental pollutants and autism.

Keywords

autism spectrum disorder heavy metal Environmental pollution

References

  • Allen, J. L., Oberdorster, G., Morris-Schaffer, K., Wong, C., Klocke, C., Sobolewski, M., Conrad, K., Mayer-Proschel, M., & Cory-Slechta, D. A. (2017). Developmental neurotoxicity of inhaled ambient ultrafine particle air pollution: Parallels with neuropathological and behavioral features of autism and other neurodevelopmental disorders. Neurotoxicology, 59, 140-154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuro.2015.12.014
  • Birliği., A. P. (2013). Ruhsal bozuklukların teşhis ve istatistiksel el kitabı (V. A. P. B. Arlington, Ed. 5.baskı ed.).
  • Burns, C. O., & Matson, J. L. (2017). An evaluation of the clinical application of the DSM-5 for the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder. Expert Rev Neurother, 17(9), 909-917. https://doi.org/10.1080/14737175.2017.1351301
  • Chiu, Y. H., Bellinger, D. C., Coull, B. A., Anderson, S., Barber, R., Wright, R. O., & Wright, R. J. (2013). Associations between traffic-related black carbon exposure and attention in a prospective birth cohort of urban children. Environ Health Perspect, 121(7), 859-864. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1205940
  • Edwards, S. C., Jedrychowski, W., Butscher, M., Camann, D., Kieltyka, A., Mroz, E., Flak, E., Li, Z., Wang, S., Rauh, V., & Perera, F. (2010). Prenatal exposure to airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and children's intelligence at 5 years of age in a prospective cohort study in Poland. Environ Health Perspect, 118(9), 1326-1331. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0901070
  • Elder, A., Gelein, R., Silva, V., Feikert, T., Opanashuk, L., Carter, J., Potter, R., Maynard, A., Ito, Y., Finkelstein, J., & Oberdörster, G. (2006). Translocation of inhaled ultrafine manganese oxide particles to the central nervous system. Environ Health Perspect, 114(8), 1172-1178. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.9030
  • Frederiksen, M., Vorkamp, K., Mathiesen, L., Mose, T., & Knudsen, L. E. (2010). Placental transfer of the polybrominated diphenyl ethers BDE-47, BDE-99 and BDE-209 in a human placenta perfusion system: an experimental study. Environmental Health, 9(1), 32. https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-069X-9-32
  • Furlong, C. E., Holland, N., Richter, R. J., Bradman, A., Ho, A., & Eskenazi, B. (2006). PON1 status of farmworker mothers and children as a predictor of organophosphate sensitivity. Pharmacogenet Genomics, 16(3), 183-190. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.fpc.0000189796.21770.d3
  • Gee, J. R., & Moser, V. C. (2008). Acute postnatal exposure to brominated diphenylether 47 delays neuromotor ontogeny and alters motor activity in mice. Neurotoxicology and Teratology, 30(2), 79-87. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ntt.2007.11.001
  • Guxens, M., Ghassabian, A., Gong, T., Garcia-Esteban, R., Porta, D., Giorgis-Allemand, L., Almqvist, C., Aranbarri, A., Beelen, R., Badaloni, C., Cesaroni, G., de Nazelle, A., Estarlich, M., Forastiere, F., Forns, J., Gehring, U., Ibarluzea, J., Jaddoe, V. W., Korek, M., . . . Sunyer, J. (2016). Air Pollution Exposure during Pregnancy and Childhood Autistic Traits in Four European Population-Based Cohort Studies: The ESCAPE Project. Environ Health Perspect, 124(1), 133-140. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1408483
  • Harris, M. H., Gold, D. R., Rifas-Shiman, S. L., Melly, S. J., Zanobetti, A., Coull, B. A., Schwartz, J. D., Gryparis, A., Kloog, I., Koutrakis, P., Bellinger, D. C., White, R. F., Sagiv, S. K., & Oken, E. (2015). Prenatal and Childhood Traffic-Related Pollution Exposure and Childhood Cognition in the Project Viva Cohort (Massachusetts, USA). Environ Health Perspect, 123(10), 1072-1078. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1408803
  • Herbstman, J. B., Sjödin, A., Kurzon, M., Lederman, S. A., Jones, R. S., Rauh, V., Needham, L. L., Tang, D., Niedzwiecki, M., Wang, R. Y., & Perera, F. (2010). Prenatal Exposure to PBDEs and Neurodevelopment. Environmental Health Perspectives, 118(5), 712-719. https://doi.org/doi:10.1289/ehp.0901340
  • Huang, P.-., Tsai, C. -., Liang, W. -., Li, S. -., Huang, H. -., & Kuo, P. -. (2016). Early phthalates exposure in pregnant women is associated with alteration of thyroid hormones. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0159398
  • Jafari Mohammadabadi, H., Rahmatian, A., Sayehmiri, F., & Rafiei, M. (2020). The Relationship Between the Level of Copper, Lead, Mercury and Autism Disorders: A Meta-Analysis. Pediatric Health Med Ther, 11, 369-378. https://doi.org/10.2147/phmt.S210042
  • Jafari, T., Rostampour, N., Fallah, A. A., & Hesami, A. (2017). The association between mercury levels and autism spectrum disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Trace Elem Med Biol, 44, 289-297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtemb.2017.09.002
  • Kanner, L. (1943). Autistic disturbances of affective contact. Nervous child, 2(3), 217-250.
  • Kar, F., Cihaner, Ö, Hacıoğlu, C, Kanbak, G. . (2019). Otizm: Psikolojik, biyokimyasal ve faktörlerin faktörlerinin. . Biyolojik Çeşitlilik ve Koruma, 12 (2), 206-212. . Https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/biodicon/issue/59577/858507
  • Kern, J. K., Geier, D. A., Sykes, L. K., Haley, B. E., & Geier, M. R. (2016). The relationship between mercury and autism: A comprehensive review and discussion. J Trace Elem Med Biol, 37, 8-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtemb.2016.06.002 Komisyon'dan Konseye, Avrupa Parlamentosuna ve Ekonomik ve Sosyal Komite Topluluğuna Tebliğ - Dioksinler, Furanlar ve Poliklorlu Bifeniller Stratejisi. (2001). https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52001DC0593
  • Krakowiak, P., Walker, C. K., Bremer, A. A., Baker, A. S., Ozonoff, S., Hansen, R. L., & Hertz-Picciotto, I. (2012). Maternal metabolic conditions and risk for autism and other neurodevelopmental disorders. Pediatrics, 129(5), e1121-1128. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2011-2583
  • Kumar, P., Morawska, L., Birmili, W., Paasonen, P., Hu, M., Kulmala, M., Harrison, R. M., Norford, L., & Britter, R. (2014). Ultrafine particles in cities. Environ Int, 66, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2014.01.013
  • Lakshmi Priya, M. D., & Geetha, A. (2011). Level of trace elements (copper, zinc, magnesium and selenium) and toxic elements (lead and mercury) in the hair and nail of children with autism. Biol Trace Elem Res, 142(2), 148-158. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-010-8766-2
  • Lee, S., McLaughlin, R., Harnly, M., Gunier, R., & Kreutzer, R. (2002). Community exposures to airborne agricultural pesticides in California: ranking of inhalation risks. Environ Health Perspect, 110(12), 1175-1184. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.021101175
  • Levesque, S., Surace, M. J., McDonald, J., & Block, M. L. (2011). Air pollution & the brain: Subchronic diesel exhaust exposure causes neuroinflammation and elevates early markers of neurodegenerative disease. J Neuroinflammation, 8, 105. https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-2094-8-105
  • Levy SE, Mandell DS, Schultz RT. Autism. Lancet. 2009;374(9701):1627-38.
  • Lippmann, M., Chen, L. C., Gordon, T., Ito, K., & Thurston, G. D. (2013). National Particle Component Toxicity (NPACT) Initiative: integrated epidemiologic and toxicologic studies of the health effects of particulate matter components. Res Rep Health Eff Inst(177), 5-13.
  • Lyall, K., Schmidt, R. J., & Hertz-Picciotto, I. (2014). Maternal lifestyle and environmental risk factors for autism spectrum disorders. International Journal of Epidemiology, 43(2), 443-464. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyt282 Maenner MJ, S. K., Baio J, et al. (2016). 8 Yaşındaki Çocuklar Arasında Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğunun Yaygınlığı - Otizm ve Gelişimsel Engeller İzleme Ağı, 11 Site, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri,. http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.ss6904a1
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Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Public Health, Environmental Health
Journal Section Review
Authors

Esra Daharlı 0000-0003-0343-8051

Sinan Yılmaz 0000-0001-7784-3274

Zahide Koşan 0000-0002-1429-6207

Publication Date April 20, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 4 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Daharlı, E., Yılmaz, S., & Koşan, Z. (2022). Otizm ve Çevresel İlişkiler: Derleme. JENAS Journal of Environmental and Natural Studies, 4(1), 73-80. https://doi.org/10.53472/jenas.1056639
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JENAS | Journal of Environmental and Natural Search / Studies | JENAS | Çevresel ve Doğal Araştırmalar / Çalışmalar Dergisi