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Nörobilişsel egzersiz programı 7-13 yaş arası çocuklarda seçici dikkati geliştirir: pilot çalışma

Year 2020, Volume: 7 Issue: 3, 239 - 246, 06.01.2021

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, nörobilişsel egzersiz programı (NEP)’nın tipik gelişim gösteren çocukların seçici dikkatleri üzerine olan etkisini incelemekti.

Yöntem: Çalışmaya, aileleri tarafından dikkat düzeylerinin geliştirilmesi istenen 7-13 yaş arası tipik gelişim gösteren 28 çocuk katıldı. Çocuklar 10 seans (60 dk/gün,1 gün/hafta) NEP eğitimi aldı. Çocukların seçici dikkat düzeyleri, NEP öncesi ve sonrası d2 Dikkat Testi ile değerlendirildi.

Bulgular: NEP uygulaması sonrasında çocukların dikkatsizlik ve dürtüsellik yüzdesi skorları ve toplam hata skorlarında anlamlı düşüş olduğu saptandı (p<0,05). İşleme hızında anlamlı artış gözlemlendi (p<0,05). Normatif verilere göre performansı zayıf olan çocukların sayısı dikkatsizlik alanında 17’den 9’a, dürtüsellik alanında ise 23’ten 13’e düştü.

Sonuç: NEP tipik gelişim gösteren çocukların seçici dikkatini geliştirmek için umut verici bir egzersiz programı olarak görünmektedir. Programın etkinliğini gösteren ileri randomize kontrollü çalışmalara ihtiyaç bulunmaktadır.

References

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  • 2. Wassenberg R, Hendriksen JG, Hurks PP, et al. Development of inattention, impulsivity, and processing speed as measured by the d2 Test: results of a large cross-sectional study in children aged 7–13. Child Neuropsychol. 2008;14:195-210.
  • 3. Association AP. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5®): American Psychiatric Pub; 2013.
  • 4. Thomas R, Sanders S, Doust J, et al. Prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pediatrics. 2015;135: 994-1001.
  • 5. Skounti M, Philalithis A, Galanakis E. Variations in prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder worldwide. Eur J Pediatr. 2007;166:117-23.
  • 6. Polanczyk G, de Lima MS, Horta BL, et al. The worldwide prevalence of ADHD: a systematic review and metaregression analysis. Am J Psych. 2007;164:942-8.
  • 7. Zorlu A, Unlu G, Cakaloz B, et al. The prevalence and comorbidity rates of ADHD among school-age children in Turkey. J Attention Dis. 2015:1087054715577991.
  • 8. Cavill N, Kahlmeier S, Racioppi F. Physical activity and health in Europe: evidence for action: World Health Organization; 2006.
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  • 14. Esteban-Cornejo I, Tejero-Gonzalez CM, Sallis JF, et al. Physical activity and cognition in adolescents: A systematic review. J Sci Med Sport. 2015;18:534-9.
  • 15. Rees DI, Sabia JJ. Sports participation and academic performance: Evidence from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Econ Edu Rev. 2010;29:751-9.
  • 16. Hillman CH, Pontifex MB, Castelli DM, et al. Effects of the FITKids randomized controlled trial on executive control and brain function. Pediatr. 2014:2013-3219.
  • 17. Gallotta MC, Guidetti L, Franciosi E, et al. Effects of varying type of exertion on children’s attention capacity. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2012;44:550-5.
  • 18. Budde H, Voelcker-Rehage C, Pietraßyk-Kendziorra S, et al. Acute coordinative exercise improves attentional performance in adolescents. Neurosci Letter. 2008;441:219-23.
  • 19. Demirakca T, Cardinale V, Dehn S, et al. The exercising brain: Changes in functional connectivity induced by an integrated multimodal cognitive and whole-body coordination training. Neural Plast. 2015;2016.
  • 20. Fernandes M. de Sousa A, Medeiros AR, Del Rosso S, et al. The influence of exercise and physical fitness status on attention: a systematic review. Int Rev Sport Exerc Psychol. 2018:1-33.
  • 21. Chang Y-K, Hung C-L, Huang C-J, et al. Effects of an aquatic exercise program on inhibitory control in children with ADHD: a preliminary study. Arch Clin Neuropsychol. 2014;29:217-23.
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  • 26. Shanahan MA, Pennington BF, Yerys BE, et al. Processing speed deficits in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and reading disability. J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2006;34:584.
  • 27. Pontifex MB, Saliba BJ, Raine LB, et al. Exercise improves behavioral, neurocognitive, and scholastic performance in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Pediatr. 2013;162:543-51.
  • 28. Halsband U, Lange RK. Motor learning in man: a review of functional and clinical studies. J Physiol Paris. 2006;99:414-24.

Neurocognitive exercise program improves selective attention in children aged between 7-13 years: a pilot study

Year 2020, Volume: 7 Issue: 3, 239 - 246, 06.01.2021

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to test the effect of the neurocognitive exercise program (NEP) on the selective attention of typically developing children.

Methods: Twenty-eight typically developing children between the ages of 7 and 13 years, referred by their parents to improve their attention level, were included in this study. Children received 10 sessions (60 min/day, 1 day/week) of the NEP. The selective attention of children was tested before and after the NEP with the d2 Test of Attention.

Results: Comparison of outcome measures revealed a significant decrease in the percentage of inattention and impulsivity scores and total errors after the NEP (p<0.05). The significant increase was observed in processing speed (p<0.05). According to normative data, the number of poor performers decreased from 17 to 9 in inattention, and from 23 to 13 in impulsivity.

Conclusion: The NEP seems to be a promising training modality for improving selective attention in typically developing children. Randomized controlled studies are needed to replicate the effects of the program.

References

  • 1. Santrock JW. Life-Span Development. Sixteenth Edition ed: Mc Graw Hill 2017.
  • 2. Wassenberg R, Hendriksen JG, Hurks PP, et al. Development of inattention, impulsivity, and processing speed as measured by the d2 Test: results of a large cross-sectional study in children aged 7–13. Child Neuropsychol. 2008;14:195-210.
  • 3. Association AP. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5®): American Psychiatric Pub; 2013.
  • 4. Thomas R, Sanders S, Doust J, et al. Prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pediatrics. 2015;135: 994-1001.
  • 5. Skounti M, Philalithis A, Galanakis E. Variations in prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder worldwide. Eur J Pediatr. 2007;166:117-23.
  • 6. Polanczyk G, de Lima MS, Horta BL, et al. The worldwide prevalence of ADHD: a systematic review and metaregression analysis. Am J Psych. 2007;164:942-8.
  • 7. Zorlu A, Unlu G, Cakaloz B, et al. The prevalence and comorbidity rates of ADHD among school-age children in Turkey. J Attention Dis. 2015:1087054715577991.
  • 8. Cavill N, Kahlmeier S, Racioppi F. Physical activity and health in Europe: evidence for action: World Health Organization; 2006.
  • 9. Tremblay MS, LeBlanc AG, Kho ME, et al. Systematic review of sedentary behaviour and health indicators in school-aged children and youth. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2011;8:98.
  • 10. Syväoja HJ, Tammelin TH, Ahonen T, et al. The associations of objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time with cognitive functions in school-aged children. PloS one. 2014;9:e103559.
  • 11. Granic I, Lobel A, Engels RC. The benefits of playing video games. Am Psychol. 2014;69:66.
  • 12. Ten S, Maclaren N. Insulin resistance syndrome in children. J Clin Endocrinol & Metabol. 2004;89:2526-39.
  • 13. Carson V, Kuzik N, Hunter S, et al. Systematic review of sedentary behavior and cognitive development in early childhood. Prev Med. 2015;78:115-22.
  • 14. Esteban-Cornejo I, Tejero-Gonzalez CM, Sallis JF, et al. Physical activity and cognition in adolescents: A systematic review. J Sci Med Sport. 2015;18:534-9.
  • 15. Rees DI, Sabia JJ. Sports participation and academic performance: Evidence from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Econ Edu Rev. 2010;29:751-9.
  • 16. Hillman CH, Pontifex MB, Castelli DM, et al. Effects of the FITKids randomized controlled trial on executive control and brain function. Pediatr. 2014:2013-3219.
  • 17. Gallotta MC, Guidetti L, Franciosi E, et al. Effects of varying type of exertion on children’s attention capacity. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2012;44:550-5.
  • 18. Budde H, Voelcker-Rehage C, Pietraßyk-Kendziorra S, et al. Acute coordinative exercise improves attentional performance in adolescents. Neurosci Letter. 2008;441:219-23.
  • 19. Demirakca T, Cardinale V, Dehn S, et al. The exercising brain: Changes in functional connectivity induced by an integrated multimodal cognitive and whole-body coordination training. Neural Plast. 2015;2016.
  • 20. Fernandes M. de Sousa A, Medeiros AR, Del Rosso S, et al. The influence of exercise and physical fitness status on attention: a systematic review. Int Rev Sport Exerc Psychol. 2018:1-33.
  • 21. Chang Y-K, Hung C-L, Huang C-J, et al. Effects of an aquatic exercise program on inhibitory control in children with ADHD: a preliminary study. Arch Clin Neuropsychol. 2014;29:217-23.
  • 22. Fink WH. The dominant eye: its clinical significance. Arch Ophthal. 1938;19:555-82.
  • 23. Coren S, Kaplan CP. Patterns of ocular dominance. Optometry and Vision Science. 1973;50:283-92.
  • 24. Brickenkamp R, Zillmer E. The d2 Test: A Timed Test of Selective Attention. Göttingen, Germany: Hogrefe. 1998.
  • 25. Yayci L. d2 Dikkat Testinin Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması. Kalem Uluslararası Eğitim ve İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi. 2013;3:43-80.
  • 26. Shanahan MA, Pennington BF, Yerys BE, et al. Processing speed deficits in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and reading disability. J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2006;34:584.
  • 27. Pontifex MB, Saliba BJ, Raine LB, et al. Exercise improves behavioral, neurocognitive, and scholastic performance in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Pediatr. 2013;162:543-51.
  • 28. Halsband U, Lange RK. Motor learning in man: a review of functional and clinical studies. J Physiol Paris. 2006;99:414-24.
There are 28 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Nurullah Büker 0000-0001-7387-3425

Derya Özer Kaya 0000-0002-6899-852X

Şermin Tükel This is me 0000-0002-6297-5271

Publication Date January 6, 2021
Submission Date March 27, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 7 Issue: 3

Cite

Vancouver Büker N, Özer Kaya D, Tükel Ş. Neurocognitive exercise program improves selective attention in children aged between 7-13 years: a pilot study. JETR. 2021;7(3):239-46.