Abstract
References
- Cascella M, Rajnik M, Cuomo A, Dulebohn SC, Di Napoli R. Features, evaluation and treatment coronavirus (COVID-19) [Internet]. StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing; 2020. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32150360
- Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, t al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020;395(10223):497–506.
- Pappa S, Ntella V, Giannakas T, Giannakoulis VG, Papoutsi E, Katsaounou P. Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and insomnia among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain Behav Immun. 2020;88:901–907.
- Spoorthy MS, Pratapa SK, Mahant S. Mental health problems faced by healthcare workers due to the COVID-19 pandemic–A review. Asian J Psychiatr [Internet]. 2020;51:102119.
- Ogrodniczuk JS, Rice SM, Kealy D, Seidler ZE, Delara M, Oliffe JL. Psychosocial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study of online help-seeking Canadian men. Postgrad Med. 2021;3;133(7):750–759.
- Lai J, Ma S, Wang Y, et al. Factors associated with mental health outcomes among health care workers exposed to coronavirus disease 2019. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(3): e203976.
- Zhang WR, Wang K, Yin L, et al. Mental health and psychosocial problems of medical health workers during the COVID-19 epidemic in China. Psychother Psychosom. 2020;89(4):242–250.
- Duman B, Herdi O, İlhan RS, Çolak B. COVID-19 pandemic associated misinterpretation of somatic sensations: a model for mind-body interaction. Noropsikiyatri Ars. 2020;57(3):169–170.
- Barsky AJ, Goodson JD, Lane RS, Cleary PD. The amplification of somatic symptoms. Psychosom Med. 1988;50(5):510–519.
- Sari YE, Kokoglu B, Balcioglu H, Bilge U, Colak E, Unluoglu I. Turkish reliability of the patient health questionnaire-9. Biomed Res. 2016;27:S460-S462
- Konkan R, Şenormanci Ö, Güçlü O, Aydin E, Sungur MZ. Validity and reliability study for the Turkish adaptation of the generalized anxiety disorder-7 (GAD-7) scale. Noropsikiyatri Ars. 2013;50(1):53–58.
- Güleç H, Sayar K. Reliability and validity of the Turkish form of the Somatosensory Amplification Scale. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2007;61(1):25–30.
- Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JBW, Monahan PO, Löwe B. Anxiety disorders in primary care: Prevalence, impairment, comorbidity, and detection. Ann Intern Med. 2007;146(5):317–325.
- Barsky AJ, Wyshak G, Klerman GL. The Somatosensory Amplification Scale and its relationship to hypochondriasis. J Psychiatr Res. 1990;24(4):323–334.
- Wang Y, Di Y, Ye J, Wei W. Study on the public psychological states and its related factors during the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in some regions of China. Psychol Heal Med. 2021;26(1):13–22.
- Dai LL, Wang X, Jiang TC, et al. Anxiety and depressive symptoms among COVID-19 patients in Jianghan Fangcang Shelter Hospital in Wuhan, China. PLoS One. 2020;15:e0238416.
- Liu Q, Xu K, Wang X, Wang W. From SARS to COVID-19: What lessons have we learned? J Infect Public Health. 2020;13(11):1611–1618.
- McLean CP, Asnaani A, Litz BT, Hofmann SG. Gender differences in anxiety disorders: Prevalence, course of illness, comorbidity and burden of illness. J Psychiatr Res. 2011;45(8):1027–1035.
- Bohlken J, Schömig F, Lemke MR, Pumberger M, Riedel-Heller SG. COVID-19 pandemic: stress experience of healthcare workers: a short current review. Psychiatr Prax. 2020;47(4):190–197.
- Chen Y, Zhou H, Zhou Y, Zhou F. Prevalence of self-reported depression and anxiety among pediatric medical staff members during the COVID-19 outbreak in Guiyang, China. Psychiatry Res. 2020;288:113005.
- Hall NM, Kuzminskyte R, Pedersen AD, Ørnbøl E, Fink P. The relationship between cognitive functions, somatization and behavioural coping in patients with multiple functional somatic symptoms. Nord J Psychiatry. 2011;65(3):216–224.
- Lung FW, Lu YC, Chang YY, Shu BC. Mental symptoms in different health professionals during the SARS attack: a follow-up study. Psychiatr Q. 2009 ;80(2):107–116.
The initial psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare professionals in a children's hospital
Abstract
Aims: The pandemic has had devastating effects across the world particularly on healthcare professionals. We assessed anxiety and depression with somatization to discover the psychological effects of the pandemic.
Methods: 250 healthcare workers in a tertiary pediatric teaching hospital were asked to respond to the questionnaire between 1 and 30 June 2020 and the responses were assessed via three scales including the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9), the General Anxiety Disorder 7 (GAD-7) and the Somatosensory Amplification Scale (SSAS).
Results: A total of 242 participants responded (response rate 97%); 29% of the participants reported moderate or severe anxiety while 49% reported moderate or more severe depression. There was no significant difference between the degrees of depression and moderate to severe anxiety through different professions (p= 0.480, p=0.384, respectively). Somatization was significantly lower in doctors and higher in female participants (p=0.001). Participants with chronic diseases and ones that had a dependent relative were at higher risk for anxiety and depression.
Conclusion: Most of the healthcare workers had depression and anxiety in the beginning of the pandemic, and it was independent of gender, profession, or workplace. Healthcare professionals with chronic diseases and dependent relatives are at risk for severe depression.
Keywords
Supporting Institution
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References
- Cascella M, Rajnik M, Cuomo A, Dulebohn SC, Di Napoli R. Features, evaluation and treatment coronavirus (COVID-19) [Internet]. StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing; 2020. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32150360
- Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, t al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020;395(10223):497–506.
- Pappa S, Ntella V, Giannakas T, Giannakoulis VG, Papoutsi E, Katsaounou P. Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and insomnia among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain Behav Immun. 2020;88:901–907.
- Spoorthy MS, Pratapa SK, Mahant S. Mental health problems faced by healthcare workers due to the COVID-19 pandemic–A review. Asian J Psychiatr [Internet]. 2020;51:102119.
- Ogrodniczuk JS, Rice SM, Kealy D, Seidler ZE, Delara M, Oliffe JL. Psychosocial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study of online help-seeking Canadian men. Postgrad Med. 2021;3;133(7):750–759.
- Lai J, Ma S, Wang Y, et al. Factors associated with mental health outcomes among health care workers exposed to coronavirus disease 2019. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(3): e203976.
- Zhang WR, Wang K, Yin L, et al. Mental health and psychosocial problems of medical health workers during the COVID-19 epidemic in China. Psychother Psychosom. 2020;89(4):242–250.
- Duman B, Herdi O, İlhan RS, Çolak B. COVID-19 pandemic associated misinterpretation of somatic sensations: a model for mind-body interaction. Noropsikiyatri Ars. 2020;57(3):169–170.
- Barsky AJ, Goodson JD, Lane RS, Cleary PD. The amplification of somatic symptoms. Psychosom Med. 1988;50(5):510–519.
- Sari YE, Kokoglu B, Balcioglu H, Bilge U, Colak E, Unluoglu I. Turkish reliability of the patient health questionnaire-9. Biomed Res. 2016;27:S460-S462
- Konkan R, Şenormanci Ö, Güçlü O, Aydin E, Sungur MZ. Validity and reliability study for the Turkish adaptation of the generalized anxiety disorder-7 (GAD-7) scale. Noropsikiyatri Ars. 2013;50(1):53–58.
- Güleç H, Sayar K. Reliability and validity of the Turkish form of the Somatosensory Amplification Scale. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2007;61(1):25–30.
- Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JBW, Monahan PO, Löwe B. Anxiety disorders in primary care: Prevalence, impairment, comorbidity, and detection. Ann Intern Med. 2007;146(5):317–325.
- Barsky AJ, Wyshak G, Klerman GL. The Somatosensory Amplification Scale and its relationship to hypochondriasis. J Psychiatr Res. 1990;24(4):323–334.
- Wang Y, Di Y, Ye J, Wei W. Study on the public psychological states and its related factors during the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in some regions of China. Psychol Heal Med. 2021;26(1):13–22.
- Dai LL, Wang X, Jiang TC, et al. Anxiety and depressive symptoms among COVID-19 patients in Jianghan Fangcang Shelter Hospital in Wuhan, China. PLoS One. 2020;15:e0238416.
- Liu Q, Xu K, Wang X, Wang W. From SARS to COVID-19: What lessons have we learned? J Infect Public Health. 2020;13(11):1611–1618.
- McLean CP, Asnaani A, Litz BT, Hofmann SG. Gender differences in anxiety disorders: Prevalence, course of illness, comorbidity and burden of illness. J Psychiatr Res. 2011;45(8):1027–1035.
- Bohlken J, Schömig F, Lemke MR, Pumberger M, Riedel-Heller SG. COVID-19 pandemic: stress experience of healthcare workers: a short current review. Psychiatr Prax. 2020;47(4):190–197.
- Chen Y, Zhou H, Zhou Y, Zhou F. Prevalence of self-reported depression and anxiety among pediatric medical staff members during the COVID-19 outbreak in Guiyang, China. Psychiatry Res. 2020;288:113005.
- Hall NM, Kuzminskyte R, Pedersen AD, Ørnbøl E, Fink P. The relationship between cognitive functions, somatization and behavioural coping in patients with multiple functional somatic symptoms. Nord J Psychiatry. 2011;65(3):216–224.
- Lung FW, Lu YC, Chang YY, Shu BC. Mental symptoms in different health professionals during the SARS attack: a follow-up study. Psychiatr Q. 2009 ;80(2):107–116.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Medical Virology, Preventative Health Care, Health Care Administration |
| Journal Section | Original Article |
| Authors | |
| Early Pub Date | July 28, 2023 |
| Publication Date | July 30, 2023 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2023 Volume: 6 Issue: 4 |
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