Research Article
Deniz Yosunu (Ecklonia Maxima) Katkılı Polipropilen Kompozitinin Mekanik, Tribolojik ve Mikroyapısal Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi
Abstract
Bu çalışmada, polipropilen içerisine değişik oranlarda deniz yosunu (ecklonia maxima) tozları katılarak biopolimer kompozitleri üretilmiştir. Dolayısıyla deniz yosunu tozlarının polipropilene eklenmesi ile bazı mekanik ve fiziksel özelliklerindeki değişimler incelenmiştir. Yosun tozları polipropilen içerisine % 10, 20 ve 30 oranlarında katılarak çift vidalı ekstruderde karıştırılmış ve granül halinde üretilmiştir. Ayrıca biokompozit içerisine uyumlaştırıcı olarak maleik anhidrit aşılı polipropilen %5 oranında (MAPP) eklenmiş ve etkisi incelenmiştir. Ekstrüzyon makinesinde elde edilen granüller kurutulmuş ve enjeksiyon makinesinde standartlara uygun şekilde test numuneleri basılmıştır. Elde edilen biopolimer kompozitinin yoğunluk, su emme oranı, aşınma oranı, statik-dinamik sürtünme katsayısı ve morfolojik yapısı incelenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre yosun ilavesinin artışıyla yoğunluk ve sürtünme katsayısı değerlerinde düşüş buna karşılık su emme oranı ve aşınma oranı değerlerinde ise artış tespit edilmiştir. Çekilen mikroyapı fotoğraflarından maleik anhidrit ilavesi ile adhezyonunun da olduğu belirlenmiştir.
References
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- Ayrılmış, N., Taşdemir, M., & Akbulut, T. (2017). Water absorption and mechanical performance of PP/HIPS hybrid composites filled with wood flour. Polymer Composites, 38(5), 863-869.
- Bodors, E. & Baley, C. (2008). Study of the tensile properties of stinging nettle fibres (Urtica dioica). Materials Letters, 62(14), 2143-2145.
- Bruck, A.L., Karuppiah, K.S.K., Sundararajan, S., Wang, J., & Lin, Z. (2010). Friction and wear behavior of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene as a function of crystallinity in the presence of the phospholipid dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater., 3B(2), 351-358.
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- Gümüş B.E, Yağcı Ö., & Taşdemir, M. (2022). High-density polyethylene/artichoke leaf powder polymer composites: dynamic mechanical, morphological and thermal properties. Iranian Polymer Journal, 31, 787-797.
- Gümüş B.E., Yağcı, Ö., Erdogan, C.D., & Taşdemir, M. (2019). Dynamical mechanical properties of polypropylene composites filled with olive pit particles. Journal of Testing and Evaluation, 47(4).
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- Karuppiah, K.S., Bruck, A.L., Sundararajan, S., Wang, J., Lin, Z., Xu, Z.H., & Li, X. (2008). Friction and wear behavior of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene as a function of polymer crystallinity. Acta Biomaterialia, 4(5), 1401-1410.
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- Mustapa, M.S.E., Hassan A., & Rahmat, A.R. (2005). Preliminary study on the mechanical properties of polypropylene rice husk composites. Simposium polimer Kebangsaan Ke-V., Ogos, 23-24.
- Mydul, M. A., Toufiq, A., Monimul, H., Gafur, M.A., & Hamudul Kabir, A.N.M. (2008). Mechanical properties of natural fiber containing polymer composites. Polym Plast Technol Eng, 48(1), 110-113.
- Ndazi, B.S., Nyahumwa, C., & Tesha, J. (2007). Chemical and thermal stability of rice husks against alkali treatment. BioResources, 3(4), 1267-1277.
- Shigha, A.S & Thakur, V.K. (2009). Mechanical, thermal and morphological properties of grewia optiva fiber/polymer matrix composites. Polym Plast Technol Eng, 48(2), 201-208. Sipinace, M.A.S., Fermoseli, K.K.G, & Paoli, M.A.D. (2009). Recycled polypropylene reinforced with curaua fibers by extrusion. J. Appl Polym Sci, 112(6), 3686-3694.
- Sreekumar, P.A., Albert, P., Unnikrishnan, G. Joseph, K., & Thomas, S. (2008). Mechanical and water sorption studies of ecofriendly banana fiber-reinforced polyester composites fabricated by RTM. J Appl Polym Sci, 109(3), 1547-1555.
- Sui, G., Fuqua, M.A., Ulven, C.A., & Zhong, W.H. (2009). A plant fiber reinforced polymer composite prepared by a twin-screw extruder. Bioresource Technol, 100(3) 1246-1251.
- Taşdemir, M. (2017). Effects of olive pit and almond shell powder on polypropylene. Key Engineering Materials, 733, 65-68.
- Taşdemir, M. (2019). Mechanical properties of polypropylene biocomposites with sea weeds, Nanomaterials science & engineering, 1(1), pp 22-29.
- Taşdemir, M. & Ersoy, S. (2014). Friction and wear performance of HDPE/talc calcium carbonate polymer composites against sliding distance and applied load. Romanian journal of materials, 3(44), 257-264.
- Tasdemir, M. & Miskioglu, İ. (2016). Friction and wear behaviors of HIPS/SBS polymer blends. Int. J. of Mat. And Manufacturing, 4(2), 95-99.
- Taşdemir, M., & Yerleşen, U. (2015). Study on the friction and wear behaviors of modified HDPE/glass spheres composites. Romanian journal of materials, 45(1), 59-66.
- Vasanthakumari, R. (2012). Studies on polypropylene bio composite with sea weeds, Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences, 3(3), 1165-1170.
- Zhenhua, L. & Yunxuan, L. (2012). Mechanical and tribological behaviour of UHMWPE/HDPE blends reinforced with SBS. Poly. Plast. Tech. and Eng., 51(7), 750-753.
Investigation of Mechanical, Tribological and Microstructural Properties of Seaweed (Ecklonia Maxima) Added Polypropylene Composite
Abstract
In this study, polymer biocomposites were produced by adding seaweed powders (ecklonia maxima) in different proportions into polypropylene. Therefore, the changes in some mechanical and physical properties of seaweed powders with the addition of polypropylene were investigated. Seaweed powders were added to polypropylene at the rates of 10, 20 and 30%, mixed in a twin screw extruder and produced as granules. In addition, maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP) at the rates of 5% was added to the biocomposite as a compatibilizer and its effect was investigated. The granules obtained in the extruder were dried and the test samples were moulded in the injection machine in accordance with the standards. Density, water absorption rate, wear rate, static-dynamic friction coefficient and morphological structure of the obtained biopolymer composite were investigated. According to the results obtained, with the increase in seaweed addition, a decrease in density and friction coefficient values was detected, while an increase in water absorption rate and wear rate values was detected. From the microstructure photographs taken, it was determined that there was adhesion with the addition of maleic anhydride.
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References
- Abdullah, N.S.E., Salim, N., & Roslan, R. (2022). Properties of seaweed fiber reinforced polypropylene composite: effect of alkaline treatment. Macromol. Symp., 402 (1), 1-4.
- Ayrılmış, N., Taşdemir, M., & Akbulut, T. (2017). Water absorption and mechanical performance of PP/HIPS hybrid composites filled with wood flour. Polymer Composites, 38(5), 863-869.
- Bodors, E. & Baley, C. (2008). Study of the tensile properties of stinging nettle fibres (Urtica dioica). Materials Letters, 62(14), 2143-2145.
- Bruck, A.L., Karuppiah, K.S.K., Sundararajan, S., Wang, J., & Lin, Z. (2010). Friction and wear behavior of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene as a function of crystallinity in the presence of the phospholipid dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater., 3B(2), 351-358.
- Gomes, A., Matsuo, T., Goda, K., & Ohgi, J. (2007). Development and effect of alkali treatment on tensile properties of curaua fiber green composites. Compos Part A, 38(8), 1811-1820.
- Gümüş B.E, Yağcı Ö., & Taşdemir, M. (2022). High-density polyethylene/artichoke leaf powder polymer composites: dynamic mechanical, morphological and thermal properties. Iranian Polymer Journal, 31, 787-797.
- Gümüş B.E., Yağcı, Ö., Erdogan, C.D., & Taşdemir, M. (2019). Dynamical mechanical properties of polypropylene composites filled with olive pit particles. Journal of Testing and Evaluation, 47(4).
- Hatta, N., & Akmar, N. (2008). Mechanical properties of polystyrene/polypropylene reinforced coconut and jute fibers. CUTSE International Conference, November, Malaysia.
- ISO 8295:1995(E) test standard: Plastics-film and sheeting-determination of the coefficients of friction.
- Joshi, S.V., Drzal, L.T., Mohanty, A.K., & Arora, S. (2004). Are natural fiber composites environmentally superior to glass fiber reinforced composites? Compos Part A, 35(3), 371-376.
- Karuppiah, K.S., Bruck, A.L., Sundararajan, S., Wang, J., Lin, Z., Xu, Z.H., & Li, X. (2008). Friction and wear behavior of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene as a function of polymer crystallinity. Acta Biomaterialia, 4(5), 1401-1410.
- Luan, L., Wu, W., Wagner, M.H., & Mueller, M. (2010). Seaweed as novel biofiller in polypropylene composites. Journal of Applied polymer science, 118(2), 997-1005.
- Mustapa, M.S.E., Hassan A., & Rahmat, A.R. (2005). Preliminary study on the mechanical properties of polypropylene rice husk composites. Simposium polimer Kebangsaan Ke-V., Ogos, 23-24.
- Mydul, M. A., Toufiq, A., Monimul, H., Gafur, M.A., & Hamudul Kabir, A.N.M. (2008). Mechanical properties of natural fiber containing polymer composites. Polym Plast Technol Eng, 48(1), 110-113.
- Ndazi, B.S., Nyahumwa, C., & Tesha, J. (2007). Chemical and thermal stability of rice husks against alkali treatment. BioResources, 3(4), 1267-1277.
- Shigha, A.S & Thakur, V.K. (2009). Mechanical, thermal and morphological properties of grewia optiva fiber/polymer matrix composites. Polym Plast Technol Eng, 48(2), 201-208. Sipinace, M.A.S., Fermoseli, K.K.G, & Paoli, M.A.D. (2009). Recycled polypropylene reinforced with curaua fibers by extrusion. J. Appl Polym Sci, 112(6), 3686-3694.
- Sreekumar, P.A., Albert, P., Unnikrishnan, G. Joseph, K., & Thomas, S. (2008). Mechanical and water sorption studies of ecofriendly banana fiber-reinforced polyester composites fabricated by RTM. J Appl Polym Sci, 109(3), 1547-1555.
- Sui, G., Fuqua, M.A., Ulven, C.A., & Zhong, W.H. (2009). A plant fiber reinforced polymer composite prepared by a twin-screw extruder. Bioresource Technol, 100(3) 1246-1251.
- Taşdemir, M. (2017). Effects of olive pit and almond shell powder on polypropylene. Key Engineering Materials, 733, 65-68.
- Taşdemir, M. (2019). Mechanical properties of polypropylene biocomposites with sea weeds, Nanomaterials science & engineering, 1(1), pp 22-29.
- Taşdemir, M. & Ersoy, S. (2014). Friction and wear performance of HDPE/talc calcium carbonate polymer composites against sliding distance and applied load. Romanian journal of materials, 3(44), 257-264.
- Tasdemir, M. & Miskioglu, İ. (2016). Friction and wear behaviors of HIPS/SBS polymer blends. Int. J. of Mat. And Manufacturing, 4(2), 95-99.
- Taşdemir, M., & Yerleşen, U. (2015). Study on the friction and wear behaviors of modified HDPE/glass spheres composites. Romanian journal of materials, 45(1), 59-66.
- Vasanthakumari, R. (2012). Studies on polypropylene bio composite with sea weeds, Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences, 3(3), 1165-1170.
- Zhenhua, L. & Yunxuan, L. (2012). Mechanical and tribological behaviour of UHMWPE/HDPE blends reinforced with SBS. Poly. Plast. Tech. and Eng., 51(7), 750-753.
There are 25 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Polymers and Plastics |
| Journal Section | Metallurgical and Materials |
| Authors | |
| Early Pub Date | February 20, 2024 |
| Publication Date | March 1, 2024 |
| Submission Date | September 29, 2023 |
| Acceptance Date | December 19, 2023 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2024 Volume: 14 Issue: 1 |
