Research Article
Year 2024,
Volume: 17 Issue: 1, 85 - 98, 15.01.2024
Abstract
Giriş: Hemşireler, Covid-19 pandemisi sırasında bakım yükü, farklı fiziksel, psikolojik ve duygusal etkilerle karşılaşmıştır.
Amaç: Covid-19 sürecinde hemşirelerin merhamet düzeyi ile ahlaki duyarlılıkları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi.
Yöntem: Çalışma tanımlayıcı ve ilişki arayıcı tipte tasarlanmıştır. Çalışma, bir yıldır pandemi hastanesi olarak hizmet veren Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesinde 20 Ocak-20 Şubat 2021 tarihleri arasında 713 hemşire ile tamamlandı. Çalışmada; hemşirelerin sosyo-demografik ve mesleki özelliklerine ilişkin verileri içeren bir soru formu ile Merhamet Ölçeği ve Ahlaki Duyarlılık Ölçeği kullanıldı. Veriler çevrimiçi olarak toplandı. Karşılaştırmalı verilerin analizinde Pearson korelasyon analizi, t-testi, tek yönlü ANOVA analizi kullanıldı.
Bulgular: Araştırmada hemşirelerin toplam puan ortalamaları merhamet ölçeği için 94.45±11.75 ve ahlaki duyarlılık anketi için 76.76±26.91’dir. Merhamet toplam puanı ile holistik yaklaşım, oryantasyon arasında negatif ilişki varken, çatışma ve uygulama alt boyutları arasında pozitif ilişki vardı. Ahlaki duyarlılık toplam puanı ile sevecenlik, paylaşım bilinci, farkındalık alt boyutları arasında pozitif ilişki varken, ilişik kesme alt boyutu ile arasında negatif ilişki vardı. Genç kadın, bekar, çocuğu olmayan, işlem öncesi hasta ve yakınının görüşünü alan hemşirelerin merhamet ölçeği puanı daha yüksekti. Lise mezunu, 11 yıl ve üzeri görev yapan hemşirelerin ahlaki duyarlılık puanları daha yüksekti.
Sonuç: Pandemi sürecinde merhametin ahlaki duyarlılığı olumlu ve olumsuz boyutlarda etkilediği söylene¬bilir. Bu stresli süreçte hemşireleri manevi ve psikolojik açıdan desteklemek, ahlaki duyarlılığı arttırmak için eğitimler düzenlemek önerilebilir.
Keywords
References
- Akdeniz, S. & Deniz, M. E. (2016). The Turkish adaptation of compassion scale: the validity and reliability study. The Journal of Happiness & Well-Being, 4 (1), 50-61.
- Amiri, E,. Ebrahimi, H., Vahidi, M., Asghari Jafarabadi, M. & Namdar Areshtanab, H. (2019). Relationship between nurses’ moral sensitivity and the quality of care. Nursing Ethics, 26 (4), 1265-1273. https://doi. org/10.1177/0969733017745726
- Arkan, B., Yılmaz, D., & Düzgün, F. (2020). Determination of compassion levels of nurses working at a university hospital. Journal of Religion and Health, 59, 29-39. https:// doi.org/10.1007/s10943-019-00786-x
- Aslan, H., Erci, B. & Pekince, H. (2021). Relationship between compassion fatigue in nurses, and work-related stress and the meaning of life. Journal of Religion and Health, 61, 1848-1860. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943- 020-01142-0
- Bahari, G., Asiri, K., Nouh, N. & Alqahtani, N. (2022). Professional Quality of Life Among Nurses: Compassion Satisfaction, Burnout, and Secondary Traumatic Stress: A Multisite Study. SAGE Open Nursing, 8, 23779608221112329. https://doi. org/10.1177/23779608221112329
- Cao, X. & Chen, L. (2021). The impact of resilience on turnover intention in dialysis nurses: The mediating effects of work engagement and compassion fatigue. Japan Journal of Nursing Science, 18 (3), 12414. https://doi. org/10.1111/jjns.12414
- Cascella, M., Rajnik, M., Aleem, A., Dulebohn, S. C. & Di Napoli, R. (2022). Features, evaluation, and treatment of coronavirus(COVID-19).Statpearls. h t t p s : / / w w w. s t a t p e a r l s . c o m / A r t i c l e L i b r a r y / viewarticle/52171[Accessed:15May 2023].
- Chen, J., Liu, X., Wang, D., Jin, Y., He, M., Ma, Y.,… Hou, X. (2021). Risk factors for depression and anxiety in healthcare workers deployed during the COVID-19 outbreak in China. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 56 (1), 47–55. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s00127-020-01954-1
- Chidiebere Okechukwu, E., Tibaldi, L. & La Torre, G. (2020). The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health of nurses. Clin Ter, 171 (5), 399-400.
- Copeland, D. (2021). Brief workplace interventions addressing burnout, compassion fatigue, and teamwork: A pilot study. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 43 (2), 130-137. https://doi.org/10.1177/0193945920938048
- Fırat, B., Karataş, G., Barut, A., Metin G. & Sarı, D. (2017). Acil servis hemşirelerinin etik duyarlılıklarının incelenmesi. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi, 10 (4), 229-235.
- Hajibabaee, F., Salisu, W. J., Akhlaghi, E., Farahani, M. A., Dehi, M. M. N., & Haghani, S. (2022). The relationship between moral sensitivity and caring behavior among nurses in Iran during COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Nursing, 21(1), 58. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-022- 00834-0
- Hemberg, J. & Bergdahl, E. (2020). Ethical sensitivity and perceptiveness in palliative home care through co-creation. Nursing Ethics, 27 (2), 446-460. https://doi. org/10.1177/0969733019849464
- Jo, S., Kurt, Ş., Mayer, K., Pituch, K. A., Simpson, V., Skibiski, J., Takagi, E. & Reifsnider, E. (2023). Compassion fatigue and COVID-19: A global view from nurses. Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing, 20(2), 116–125. https://doi.org/10.1111/wvn.12641
- Khajevandi, H., Ebadi, A. & Aghaiani Chavoshi, A. (2020). Investigation of moral courage and its predictive factors in nurses of Baqiyatallah hospital in 2019. Iranian Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine, 13 (1),131-141.
- Khodaveisi, M., Oshvandi, K., Bashirian, S., Khazaei, S., Gillespie, M., Masoumi, S. Z. & Mohammadi, F. (2021). Moral courage, moral sensitivity and safe nursing care in nurses caring of patients with COVID-19. Nursing Open, 8(6), 3538–3546. https://doi.org/10.1002/nop2.903
- Koca, F. (2018). Hemşirelerde merhamet yorgunluğu ve etkili faktörlerin incelenmesi, (Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Maltepe Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü).
- Liu, S., Yang, L., Zhang, C., Xiang, Y. T., Liu, Z., Hu, S. & Zhang, B. (2020). Online mental health services in China during the COVID-19 outbreak. The Lancet. Psychiatry, 7 (4), 17–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215- 0366(20)30077-8
- Lützén, K., Johansson, A. & Nordström, G. (2000). Moral sensitivity: some differences between nurses and physicians. Nursing Ethics, 7(6), 520–530. https://doi. org/10.1177/096973300000700607
- McKenna, H. (2020). Covid-19: Ethical issues for nurses. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 110, 103673. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2020.103673
- Mert Boğa, S., Aydin Sayılan, A., Kersu, Ö. & Baydemir, C. (2020). Perception of care quality and ethical sensitivity in surgical nurses. Nursing Ethics, 27 (3), 673-685. https:// doi.org/10.1177/0969733020901830
- Milliken, A. (2018). Nurse ethical sensitivity: An integrative review. Nursing Ethics, 25 (3), 278-303. https:// doi.org/10.1177/0969733016646155
- Nazari, S., Poortaghi, S., Sharifi, F., Gorzin, S., & Afshar, P. F. (2022). Relationship between moral sensitivity and the quality of nursing care for the elderly with Covid-19 in Iranian hospitals. BMC Health Services Research, 22(1), 840. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-022-08258-x
- Numminen, O., Katajisto, J. & Leino-Kilpi, H. (2019). Development and validation of nurses’ moral courage scale. Nursing Ethics, 26 (7-8), 2438-2455. https://doi. org/10.1177/0969733018791325
- Palandöken, E. A. (2020). COVID-19 pandemisi ve hemşireler için etik sorunlar. İzmir Kâtip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 5 (2), 139- 142.
- Palazoğlu C.A. & Koç, Z. (2019). Ethical sensitivity, burnout, and job satisfaction in emergency nurses. Nursing Ethics, 26 (3), 809-822. https://doi. org/10.1177/0969733017720846
- Pérez-Chacón, M., Chacón, A., Borda-Mas, M. & Avargues- Navarro, M. L. (2021). Sensory Processing Sensitivity and Compassion Satisfaction as Risk/Protective Factors from Burnout and Compassion Fatigue in Healthcare and Education Professionals. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(2), 611. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020611
- Pommier, A. N. (2010). The Compassion Scale. The Graduate School of The University of Texas at Austin, Doctoral Thesis.
- Roy, D., Tripathy, S., Kar, S. K., Sharma, N,. Verma, S. K. & Kaushal, V. (2020). Study of knowledge, attitude, anxiety & perceived mental healthcare need in Indian population during COVID-19 pandemic. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 51, 102083. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. ajp.2020.102083
- Sabanciogullari, S., Yilmaz, F. T., & Karabey, G. (2021). The effect of the clinical nurses’ compassion levels on tendency to make medical error: A cross-sectional study. Contemporary Nurse, 57(1-2), 65-79. https://doi.or g/10.1080/10376178.2021.1927772
- Salar, A. R., Zare, S. & Sharifzadeh, E. (2016). The survey of nursing students’ ethical sensitivity. Biology and Medicine, 8 (5), 1.
- Shahar, I., Asher, I., Ben Natan, M. (2019). Compassion fatigue among nurses working in a long‐term care facility: The Israeli experience. Nursing & Health Sciences, 21 (3), 291-296. https://doi.org/10.1111/nhs.12594
- Stelnicki, A. M., Carleton, R. N., Reichert C. (2020). Nurses’ mental health and well-being: COVID-19 impacts. Canadian Journal of Nursing Research, 52 (3), 237-239. https://doi.org/10.1177/0844562120931623
- Stuijfzand, S., Deforges, C., Sandoz, V., Sajin, C. T., Jaques, C., Elmers, J. & Horsch, A. (2020). Psychological impact of an epidemic/pandemic on the mental health of healthcare professionals: a rapid review. BMC Public Health, 20(1), 1230. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020- 09322-z
- Taş Arslan, F., & Çalpbinici, P. (2018). Pediatri hemşirelerinde ahlaki duyarlılık, etik deneyimler ve ilişkili faktörler: kesitsel, korelasyonel bir çalışma. ACTA Bioethica, 24 (1).
- Teo, W. Z., Yap, E. S., Yip, C., Ong, L. & Lee, C. T. (2021). The psychological impact of COVID-19 on ‘hidden’frontline healthcare workers. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 67 (3), 284-289. https://doi. org/10.1177/0020764020950772
- Tosun, H. (2018). Moral sensitivity questionnaire (MSQ): Turkish adaptation of the validity and reliability. Journal of Contemporary Medicine, 8(4), 316-321. https://doi. org/10.16899/gopctd.467052. (in Turkish)
- Ulupınar, S., & Şen, Y. (2022). Yeni mezun hemşirelerin mesleğe uyum süreci: beklentiler ve gerçekler. Sağlık ve Hemşirelik Yönetimi Dergisi, 9(3), 515-521. doi:10.54304/ SHYD.2022.00922
- Wentzel, D. L. & Brysiewicz, P. A. (2018). Survey of compassion satisfaction, burnout and compassion fatigue in nurses practicing in three oncology departments in Durban, South Africa. International Journal of Africa Nursing Sciences, 8, 82-86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. ijans.2018.03.004
- World Health Organization. Covid-19 report (2023). Available from: https://www.who.int/emergencies/ diseases/novel-coronavirus 2019/global-research-on-novel-coronavirus-2019-ncov accessed 18 May 2023.
- Yu, H., Jiang, A. Shen, J. (2016). Prevalence and predictors of compassion fatigue, burnout and compassion satisfaction among oncology nurses: A cross-sectional survey. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 57, 28- 38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2016.01.012
- Yu, H., Qiao, A. Gui, L. (2021). Predictors of compassion fatigue, burnout, and compassion satisfaction among emergency nurses: A cross-sectional survey. International Emergency Nursing, 55, 100961. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. ienj.2020.100961
- Zhou, P., Yang, X. L., Wang, X. G., Hu, B., Zhang, L., Zhang, W., … Shi, Z. L. (2020). A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin. Nature, 579 (7798), 270–273. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020- 2012-7.
Year 2024,
Volume: 17 Issue: 1, 85 - 98, 15.01.2024
Abstract
Background: Nurses have encountered with care load, different physical, psychological and emotional ef-fects during Covid-19 pandemic.
Objectives: This study conducted to investigate the correlation between nurses compassion and moral sen¬sitivities during Covid-19 pandemic.
Method: The study was designed in descriptive and correlational type. The study was completed with 713 nurses between January 20 and February 20, 2021 at the Training and Research Hospital, which has been serving as a pandemic hospital for a year. In the study, a questionnaire including data about the socio-demo¬graphic and professional characteristics of the nurses and Compassion Scale and Moral Sensitivity Ques¬tionnaire were used. The data were collected online. In the analysis of comparative data, Pearson correlation analysis, t-test, one way ANOVA analysis and tests were used.
Results: In the study, it was found that the total mean scores of the nurses were 94.45±11.75 for the com-passion scale and 76.76±26.91 for the moral sensitivity questionnaire. There was negative correlation be-tween the compassion total score and holistic approach, orientation while positive correlation between the total score and conflict, practice subscales. There was positive correlation moral sensitivity total scale and subscales kindness, common humanity, mindfulness while negative correlation between total score and disengagement. Younger, female, single, childless, getting opinion from patient/relative nurses have high compassion. High school graduate, employed 11 years and above, nurses have high moral sensitivity.
Conclusion: It can be said that compassion affects moral sensitivity in positive and negative dimensions during the pandemic process. In this stressful process, it can be suggested to organize trainings to support nurses morally and psychologically and to increase moral sensitivity.
Keywords
References
- Akdeniz, S. & Deniz, M. E. (2016). The Turkish adaptation of compassion scale: the validity and reliability study. The Journal of Happiness & Well-Being, 4 (1), 50-61.
- Amiri, E,. Ebrahimi, H., Vahidi, M., Asghari Jafarabadi, M. & Namdar Areshtanab, H. (2019). Relationship between nurses’ moral sensitivity and the quality of care. Nursing Ethics, 26 (4), 1265-1273. https://doi. org/10.1177/0969733017745726
- Arkan, B., Yılmaz, D., & Düzgün, F. (2020). Determination of compassion levels of nurses working at a university hospital. Journal of Religion and Health, 59, 29-39. https:// doi.org/10.1007/s10943-019-00786-x
- Aslan, H., Erci, B. & Pekince, H. (2021). Relationship between compassion fatigue in nurses, and work-related stress and the meaning of life. Journal of Religion and Health, 61, 1848-1860. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943- 020-01142-0
- Bahari, G., Asiri, K., Nouh, N. & Alqahtani, N. (2022). Professional Quality of Life Among Nurses: Compassion Satisfaction, Burnout, and Secondary Traumatic Stress: A Multisite Study. SAGE Open Nursing, 8, 23779608221112329. https://doi. org/10.1177/23779608221112329
- Cao, X. & Chen, L. (2021). The impact of resilience on turnover intention in dialysis nurses: The mediating effects of work engagement and compassion fatigue. Japan Journal of Nursing Science, 18 (3), 12414. https://doi. org/10.1111/jjns.12414
- Cascella, M., Rajnik, M., Aleem, A., Dulebohn, S. C. & Di Napoli, R. (2022). Features, evaluation, and treatment of coronavirus(COVID-19).Statpearls. h t t p s : / / w w w. s t a t p e a r l s . c o m / A r t i c l e L i b r a r y / viewarticle/52171[Accessed:15May 2023].
- Chen, J., Liu, X., Wang, D., Jin, Y., He, M., Ma, Y.,… Hou, X. (2021). Risk factors for depression and anxiety in healthcare workers deployed during the COVID-19 outbreak in China. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 56 (1), 47–55. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s00127-020-01954-1
- Chidiebere Okechukwu, E., Tibaldi, L. & La Torre, G. (2020). The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health of nurses. Clin Ter, 171 (5), 399-400.
- Copeland, D. (2021). Brief workplace interventions addressing burnout, compassion fatigue, and teamwork: A pilot study. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 43 (2), 130-137. https://doi.org/10.1177/0193945920938048
- Fırat, B., Karataş, G., Barut, A., Metin G. & Sarı, D. (2017). Acil servis hemşirelerinin etik duyarlılıklarının incelenmesi. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi, 10 (4), 229-235.
- Hajibabaee, F., Salisu, W. J., Akhlaghi, E., Farahani, M. A., Dehi, M. M. N., & Haghani, S. (2022). The relationship between moral sensitivity and caring behavior among nurses in Iran during COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Nursing, 21(1), 58. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-022- 00834-0
- Hemberg, J. & Bergdahl, E. (2020). Ethical sensitivity and perceptiveness in palliative home care through co-creation. Nursing Ethics, 27 (2), 446-460. https://doi. org/10.1177/0969733019849464
- Jo, S., Kurt, Ş., Mayer, K., Pituch, K. A., Simpson, V., Skibiski, J., Takagi, E. & Reifsnider, E. (2023). Compassion fatigue and COVID-19: A global view from nurses. Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing, 20(2), 116–125. https://doi.org/10.1111/wvn.12641
- Khajevandi, H., Ebadi, A. & Aghaiani Chavoshi, A. (2020). Investigation of moral courage and its predictive factors in nurses of Baqiyatallah hospital in 2019. Iranian Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine, 13 (1),131-141.
- Khodaveisi, M., Oshvandi, K., Bashirian, S., Khazaei, S., Gillespie, M., Masoumi, S. Z. & Mohammadi, F. (2021). Moral courage, moral sensitivity and safe nursing care in nurses caring of patients with COVID-19. Nursing Open, 8(6), 3538–3546. https://doi.org/10.1002/nop2.903
- Koca, F. (2018). Hemşirelerde merhamet yorgunluğu ve etkili faktörlerin incelenmesi, (Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Maltepe Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü).
- Liu, S., Yang, L., Zhang, C., Xiang, Y. T., Liu, Z., Hu, S. & Zhang, B. (2020). Online mental health services in China during the COVID-19 outbreak. The Lancet. Psychiatry, 7 (4), 17–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215- 0366(20)30077-8
- Lützén, K., Johansson, A. & Nordström, G. (2000). Moral sensitivity: some differences between nurses and physicians. Nursing Ethics, 7(6), 520–530. https://doi. org/10.1177/096973300000700607
- McKenna, H. (2020). Covid-19: Ethical issues for nurses. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 110, 103673. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2020.103673
- Mert Boğa, S., Aydin Sayılan, A., Kersu, Ö. & Baydemir, C. (2020). Perception of care quality and ethical sensitivity in surgical nurses. Nursing Ethics, 27 (3), 673-685. https:// doi.org/10.1177/0969733020901830
- Milliken, A. (2018). Nurse ethical sensitivity: An integrative review. Nursing Ethics, 25 (3), 278-303. https:// doi.org/10.1177/0969733016646155
- Nazari, S., Poortaghi, S., Sharifi, F., Gorzin, S., & Afshar, P. F. (2022). Relationship between moral sensitivity and the quality of nursing care for the elderly with Covid-19 in Iranian hospitals. BMC Health Services Research, 22(1), 840. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-022-08258-x
- Numminen, O., Katajisto, J. & Leino-Kilpi, H. (2019). Development and validation of nurses’ moral courage scale. Nursing Ethics, 26 (7-8), 2438-2455. https://doi. org/10.1177/0969733018791325
- Palandöken, E. A. (2020). COVID-19 pandemisi ve hemşireler için etik sorunlar. İzmir Kâtip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 5 (2), 139- 142.
- Palazoğlu C.A. & Koç, Z. (2019). Ethical sensitivity, burnout, and job satisfaction in emergency nurses. Nursing Ethics, 26 (3), 809-822. https://doi. org/10.1177/0969733017720846
- Pérez-Chacón, M., Chacón, A., Borda-Mas, M. & Avargues- Navarro, M. L. (2021). Sensory Processing Sensitivity and Compassion Satisfaction as Risk/Protective Factors from Burnout and Compassion Fatigue in Healthcare and Education Professionals. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(2), 611. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020611
- Pommier, A. N. (2010). The Compassion Scale. The Graduate School of The University of Texas at Austin, Doctoral Thesis.
- Roy, D., Tripathy, S., Kar, S. K., Sharma, N,. Verma, S. K. & Kaushal, V. (2020). Study of knowledge, attitude, anxiety & perceived mental healthcare need in Indian population during COVID-19 pandemic. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 51, 102083. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. ajp.2020.102083
- Sabanciogullari, S., Yilmaz, F. T., & Karabey, G. (2021). The effect of the clinical nurses’ compassion levels on tendency to make medical error: A cross-sectional study. Contemporary Nurse, 57(1-2), 65-79. https://doi.or g/10.1080/10376178.2021.1927772
- Salar, A. R., Zare, S. & Sharifzadeh, E. (2016). The survey of nursing students’ ethical sensitivity. Biology and Medicine, 8 (5), 1.
- Shahar, I., Asher, I., Ben Natan, M. (2019). Compassion fatigue among nurses working in a long‐term care facility: The Israeli experience. Nursing & Health Sciences, 21 (3), 291-296. https://doi.org/10.1111/nhs.12594
- Stelnicki, A. M., Carleton, R. N., Reichert C. (2020). Nurses’ mental health and well-being: COVID-19 impacts. Canadian Journal of Nursing Research, 52 (3), 237-239. https://doi.org/10.1177/0844562120931623
- Stuijfzand, S., Deforges, C., Sandoz, V., Sajin, C. T., Jaques, C., Elmers, J. & Horsch, A. (2020). Psychological impact of an epidemic/pandemic on the mental health of healthcare professionals: a rapid review. BMC Public Health, 20(1), 1230. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020- 09322-z
- Taş Arslan, F., & Çalpbinici, P. (2018). Pediatri hemşirelerinde ahlaki duyarlılık, etik deneyimler ve ilişkili faktörler: kesitsel, korelasyonel bir çalışma. ACTA Bioethica, 24 (1).
- Teo, W. Z., Yap, E. S., Yip, C., Ong, L. & Lee, C. T. (2021). The psychological impact of COVID-19 on ‘hidden’frontline healthcare workers. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 67 (3), 284-289. https://doi. org/10.1177/0020764020950772
- Tosun, H. (2018). Moral sensitivity questionnaire (MSQ): Turkish adaptation of the validity and reliability. Journal of Contemporary Medicine, 8(4), 316-321. https://doi. org/10.16899/gopctd.467052. (in Turkish)
- Ulupınar, S., & Şen, Y. (2022). Yeni mezun hemşirelerin mesleğe uyum süreci: beklentiler ve gerçekler. Sağlık ve Hemşirelik Yönetimi Dergisi, 9(3), 515-521. doi:10.54304/ SHYD.2022.00922
- Wentzel, D. L. & Brysiewicz, P. A. (2018). Survey of compassion satisfaction, burnout and compassion fatigue in nurses practicing in three oncology departments in Durban, South Africa. International Journal of Africa Nursing Sciences, 8, 82-86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. ijans.2018.03.004
- World Health Organization. Covid-19 report (2023). Available from: https://www.who.int/emergencies/ diseases/novel-coronavirus 2019/global-research-on-novel-coronavirus-2019-ncov accessed 18 May 2023.
- Yu, H., Jiang, A. Shen, J. (2016). Prevalence and predictors of compassion fatigue, burnout and compassion satisfaction among oncology nurses: A cross-sectional survey. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 57, 28- 38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2016.01.012
- Yu, H., Qiao, A. Gui, L. (2021). Predictors of compassion fatigue, burnout, and compassion satisfaction among emergency nurses: A cross-sectional survey. International Emergency Nursing, 55, 100961. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. ienj.2020.100961
- Zhou, P., Yang, X. L., Wang, X. G., Hu, B., Zhang, L., Zhang, W., … Shi, Z. L. (2020). A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin. Nature, 579 (7798), 270–273. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020- 2012-7.
There are 43 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Nursing (Other) |
| Journal Section | Research Articles |
| Authors | |
| Early Pub Date | January 16, 2024 |
| Publication Date | January 15, 2024 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2024 Volume: 17 Issue: 1 |
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