Changes in adipose tissue and biochemical parameters after aerobic exercise in overweight and obese women

Meltem Sertbaş; Serkan Elarslan; Emre Şenocak

doi:10.28982/josam.876451

Research Article

Changes in adipose tissue and biochemical parameters after aerobic exercise in overweight and obese women

Year 2021, Volume: 5 Issue: 3, 294 - 298, 01.03.2021

Meltem Sertbaş Serkan Elarslan Emre Şenocak

https://doi.org/10.28982/josam.876451

Abstract

Background/Aim: Obesity is a global epidemic, and it is more common in women due to physiological differences. Exercise programs are the cornerstones of obesity treatment. This retrospective study aimed to examine the effect of moderate-intensity continuous aerobic exercise (MICT) program on body composition, biochemical parameters, and cardiovascular risk in overweight and obese female.
Methods: This retrospective cohort study analyzed the data of overweight and obese women who exercised for 12 weeks. The exercise program was maintained under the supervision of a physiotherapist three non-consecutive days a week. Each session was performed for 60 minutes at an intensity of 50% to 65% of maximum heart rate (HRmax). Body composition was evaluated by TANITA bioelectrical impedance analysis system, and aerobic capacity was assessed with 6-minute Walking Test (6-MWT). Biochemical parameters were analyzed in the laboratory. All results of the participants were obtained from the patient files.
Results: Body Mass Index (BMI), Fat Mass (FM-kg), Fat-free Mass (FFM-kg), Total Body Water (TBW-kg), and aerobic capacity improved after the implementation of the exercise program (P<0.05 for all). There was no significant change in blood parameters except HDL (P=0.002). An 11% reduction was observed in cardiometabolic risk factors due to the increased HDL.
Conclusion: The MICT program appears suitable for improving body composition and aerobic capacity with 50-65% intensity for 12 weeks. However, we think that exercise intensity should be increased for more biochemical benefits.

Keywords

Overweight, Moderate-intensity continuous aerobic training, Body composition, Aerobic capacity, Cardiovascular risk

References

1. Chooi YC, Ding C, Magkos F. The epidemiology of obesity. Metabolism. 2019;92:6–10. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.09.005
2. SİPAHİ B. Effect of Socioeconomic Factors and Income Inequality to Obesity in Female in Turkey. Gaziantep Univ J Soc Sci. 2020;19(2):350–66.
3. Pharr JR, Coughenour CA, Bungum TJ. An assessment of the relationship of physical activity, obesity, and chronic diseases/conditions between active/obese and sedentary/ normal weight American women in a national sample. Public Health. 2018;156:117–23. doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2017.12.013
4. Ardahan M, Konal E. The prevalence of hypertension and obesity and effective factors: A cross-sectional bazaar study. J Pak Med Assoc. 2019;69(7):1018–21.
5. Nazari M, Minasian V, Hovsepian S. Effects of two types of moderate-and high-intensity interval training on serum salusin-α and salusin-β levels and lipid profile in women with overweight/obesity. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2020;13:1385–90. doi: 10.2147/DMSO.S248476
6. Ptomey LT, Sullivan DK, Lee J, Goetz JR, Gibson C, Donnelly JE. The use of technology for delivering a weight loss program for adolescents with intellectual and developmental disabilities. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2015;115(1):112–8. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2014.08.031
7. Strasser B. Physical activity in obesity and metabolic syndrome. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2013;1281(1):141–59. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06785.x
8. Park HY, Jung WS, Kim J, Hwang H, Lim K. Twelve weeks of aerobic exercise at the lactate threshold improves autonomic nervous system function, body composition, and aerobic performance in women with obesity. J Obes Metab Syndr. 2010;29(1):67–75. doi: 10.7570/jomes19063
9. Chiu CH, Ko MC, Wu LS, Yeh DP, Kan NW, Lee PF, et al. Benefits of different intensity of aerobic exercise in modulating body composition among obese young adults: A pilot randomized controlled trial. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2017;15(1):1-9 doi: 10.1186/s12955-017-0743-4
10. García-Hermoso A, Cerrillo-Urbina AJ, Herrera-Valenzuela T, Cristi-Montero C, Saavedra JM, Martínez-Vizcaíno V. Is high-intensity interval training more effective on improving cardiometabolic risk and aerobic capacity than other forms of exercise in overweight and obese youth? A meta-analysis. Obes Rev. 2016;17(6):531–40. doi: 10.1111/obr.12395
11. Jakicic JM, Rogers RJ, Collins AM, Jackson R. Strategies for Physical Activity Interventions in the Treatment of Obesity. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2020;49(2): 289-301. doi: 10.1016/j.ecl.2020.02.004
12. Park H.-Y, Kim S, Kim Y, Park S, Nam S. Effects of exercise training at lactate threshold and detraining for 12 weeks on body composition, aerobic performance, and stress related variables in obese women. J Exerc Nutrition Biochem. 2019;23(3):22–8. doi: 10.20463/jenb.2019.0019
13. Boukabous I, Marcotte-Chénard A, Amamou T, Boulay P, Brochu M, Tessier D, et al. Low-volume high-intensity interval training versus moderate-intensity continuous training on body composition, cardiometabolic profile, and physical capacity in older women. J Aging Phys Act. 2019;27(6):879–89. doi: 10.1123/japa.2018-0309
14. Trapp EG, Chisholm DJ, Freund J, Boutcher SH. The effects of high-intensity intermittent exercise training on fat loss and fasting insulin levels of young women. Int J Obes. 2008;32(4):684–91. doi: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0803781
15. Wallman K, Plant LA, Rakimov B, Maiorana AJ. The effects of two modes of exercise on aerobic fitness and fat mass in an overweight Population. Res Sports Med. 2009;17(3):156–70. doi: 10.1080/15438620903120215
16. Cocks M, Shaw CS, Shepherd SO, Fisher JP, Ranasinghe A, Barker TA, et al. Sprint interval and moderate-intensity continuous training have equal benefits on aerobic capacity, insulin sensitivity, muscle capillarisation and endothelial eNOS/NAD(P) Hoxidase protein ratio in obese men. J Physiol. 2016;594(8):2307–21.
17. Higgins S, Fedewa MV, Hathaway ED, Schmidt MD, Evans EM. Sprint interval and moderate-intensity cycling training differentially affect adiposity and aerobic capacity in overweight young-adult women. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2016;41(11):1177–83. doi: 10.1139/apnm-2016-0240
18. Ho SS, Dhaliwal SS, Hills AP, Pal S. The effect of 12 weeks of aerobic, resistance or combination exercise training on cardiovascular risk factors in the overweight and obese in a randomized trial. BMC Public Health. 2012;12(1):1-10. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-704
19. Nieuwland W, Berkhuysen MA, Van Veldhuisen DJ, Rispens P. Individual assessment of intensity-level for exercise training in patients with coronary artery disease is necessary. Int J Cardiol. 2002;84(1):15–20. doi: 10.1016/S0167-5273(02)00059-1
20. Shishkova A, Petrova P, Tonev A, Bahlova P, Softov O, Kalchev E. Analysis of body composition in overweight and obese women using bioimpedance (BIA) system. J of IMAB. 2007;13(1):8–12.
21. Crapo RO, Casaburi R, Coates AL, Enright PL, MacIntyre NR, McKay RT et al. ATS statement: Guidelines for the six-minute walk test. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002;166:111-7. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm.166.1.at1102
22. Larsson UE, Reynisdottir S. The six-minute walk test in outpatients with obesity: Reproducibility and known group validity. Physiother Res Int. 2008;13(2):84–93. doi: 10.1002/pri.398
23. Yang YJ. An Overview of Current Physical Activity Recommendations in Primary Care. Korean J Fam Med. 2019;40(3):135–42.
24. Keating SE, Johnson NA, Mielke GI, Coombes JS. A systematic review and meta-analysis of interval training versus moderate-intensity continuous training on body adiposity. Obes Rev. 2017;18:943-64.
25. Kong Z, Sun S, Liu M, Shi Q. Short-term high-intensity interval training on body composition and blood glucose in overweight and obese young women. J Diabetes Res. 2016; ID:4073618:1-9.
26. Fisher G, Brown AW, Bohan MM, Alcorn A, Noles C, Winwood L, et al. High intensity interval- vs moderate intensity- training for improving cardiometabolic health in overweight or obese males: A Randomized controlled trial. PLoS One. 2015;10(10):1-15. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138853
27. Martins C, Kazakova I, Ludviksen M, Mehus I, Wisloff U, Kulseng B, et al. High intensity interval training and isocaloric moderate-intensity continuous training result in similar improvements in body composition and fitness in obese individuals. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2016;26(3):197–204. doi: 10.1123/ijsnem.2015-0078
28. Wewege M, van den Berg R, Ward RE, Keech A. The effects of high-intensity interval training vs. moderate-intensity continuous training on body composition in overweight and obese adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev. 2017;18(6):635-46. doi: 10.1111/obr.12532
29. Fiuza-Luces C, Garatachea N, Berger NA, Lucia A. Exercise is the real polypill. Physıology. 2013;28:330–58. doi: 10.1152/physiol.00019.2013
30. Millet GP, Vleck VE, Bentley DJ. Physiological differences between cycling and running: Lessons from triathletes. Sports Med. 2009;39(3):179-206. doi: 10.2165/00007256-200939030-00002
31. Kim S. Effect of complex training on carbon monoxide, cardiorespiratory function, and body mass among college students at the initial stage of stopping smoking. J Phys Ther Sci. 2017;29(8):1297–300. doi: 10.1589/jpts.29.1297
32. Di Angelantonio E, Bhupathiraju SN, Wormser D, Gao P, Kaptoge S, de Gonzalez AB, et al. Body-mass index and all-cause mortality: individual-participant-data meta-analysis of 239 prospective studies in four continents. The Lancet. 2016;388(10046):776–86. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30175-1
33. Ram A, Marcos L, Jones MD, Morey R, Hakansson S, Clark T, et al. The effect of high-intensity interval training and moderate-intensity continuous training on aerobic fitness and body composition in males with overweight or obesity: A randomized trial. Obes Med. 2020;17:1-6. doi: 10.1016/j.obmed.2020.100187
34. Hottenrott K, Ludyga S, Schulze S. Effects of high intensity training and continuous endurance training on aerobic capacity and body composition in recreationally active runners. J Sport Sci Med. 2012;11(3):483–8.
35. Lo MS, Lin LLC, Yao WJ, Ma, MC. Training and detraining effects of the resistance vs. endurance program on body composition, body size, and physical performance in young men. J Strength Cond Res. 2011;25(8):2246–54. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181e8a4be
36. McKay BR, Paterson DH, Kowalchuk JM. Effect of short-term high-intensity interval training vs. continuous training on O2 uptake kinetics, muscle deoxygenation, and exercise performance. J Appl Physiol. 2009;107(1):128–38. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.90828.2008
37. Dunham C, Harms CA. Effects of high-intensity interval training on pulmonary function. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2012;112(8):3061–8.
38. Pedersen BK, Saltin B. Exercise as medicine - Evidence for prescribing exercise as therapy in 26 different chronic diseases. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2015;25:1–72. doi: 10.1111/sms.12581
39. Wisløff U, Najjar SM, Ellingsen Ø, Haram PM, Swoap S, Al-Share Q, et al. Cardiovascular risk factors emerge after artificial selection for low aerobic capacity. Science. 2005;307(5708):418–20. doi: 10.1126/science.1108177
40. Silva LA, Pinho CA, Scarabelot KS, Fraga DB, Volpato AMJ, Boeck CR, et al. Physical exercise increases mitochondrial function and reduces oxidative damage in skeletal muscle. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2009;105(6): 861–7. doi: 10.1007/s00421-008-0971-8
41. Koltai E, Hart N, Taylor AW, Goto S, Ngo JK, Davies KJA, et al. Age-associated declines in mitochondrial biogenesis and protein quality control factors are minimized by exercise training. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2012;303(2):127-34. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.00337.2011
42. Millán J, Pintó X, Muñoz A, Zúñiga M, Rubiés-Prat J, Pallardo LF, et al. Lipoprotein ratios: Physiological significance and clinical usefulness in cardiovascular prevention. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2009;5:757-65. doi: 10.2147/vhrm.s6269
43. Mathunjwa ML, Semple SJ, du Preez C. A 10-week aerobic exercise program reduces cardiometabolic disease risk in overweight/obese female African university students. Ethn Dis. 2013;23(2):143–8.
44. Chiang TL, Chen C, Hsu CH, Lin YC, Wu HJ. Is the goal of 12,000 steps per day sufficient for improving body composition and metabolic syndrome? the necessity of combining exercise intensity: A randomized controlled trial. BMC Public Health. 2019;19(1):1-9. doi: 10.1186/s12889-019-7554-y

Year 2021, Volume: 5 Issue: 3, 294 - 298, 01.03.2021

Meltem Sertbaş Serkan Elarslan Emre Şenocak

https://doi.org/10.28982/josam.876451

Abstract

References

1. Chooi YC, Ding C, Magkos F. The epidemiology of obesity. Metabolism. 2019;92:6–10. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.09.005
2. SİPAHİ B. Effect of Socioeconomic Factors and Income Inequality to Obesity in Female in Turkey. Gaziantep Univ J Soc Sci. 2020;19(2):350–66.
3. Pharr JR, Coughenour CA, Bungum TJ. An assessment of the relationship of physical activity, obesity, and chronic diseases/conditions between active/obese and sedentary/ normal weight American women in a national sample. Public Health. 2018;156:117–23. doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2017.12.013
4. Ardahan M, Konal E. The prevalence of hypertension and obesity and effective factors: A cross-sectional bazaar study. J Pak Med Assoc. 2019;69(7):1018–21.
5. Nazari M, Minasian V, Hovsepian S. Effects of two types of moderate-and high-intensity interval training on serum salusin-α and salusin-β levels and lipid profile in women with overweight/obesity. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2020;13:1385–90. doi: 10.2147/DMSO.S248476
6. Ptomey LT, Sullivan DK, Lee J, Goetz JR, Gibson C, Donnelly JE. The use of technology for delivering a weight loss program for adolescents with intellectual and developmental disabilities. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2015;115(1):112–8. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2014.08.031
7. Strasser B. Physical activity in obesity and metabolic syndrome. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2013;1281(1):141–59. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06785.x
8. Park HY, Jung WS, Kim J, Hwang H, Lim K. Twelve weeks of aerobic exercise at the lactate threshold improves autonomic nervous system function, body composition, and aerobic performance in women with obesity. J Obes Metab Syndr. 2010;29(1):67–75. doi: 10.7570/jomes19063
9. Chiu CH, Ko MC, Wu LS, Yeh DP, Kan NW, Lee PF, et al. Benefits of different intensity of aerobic exercise in modulating body composition among obese young adults: A pilot randomized controlled trial. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2017;15(1):1-9 doi: 10.1186/s12955-017-0743-4
10. García-Hermoso A, Cerrillo-Urbina AJ, Herrera-Valenzuela T, Cristi-Montero C, Saavedra JM, Martínez-Vizcaíno V. Is high-intensity interval training more effective on improving cardiometabolic risk and aerobic capacity than other forms of exercise in overweight and obese youth? A meta-analysis. Obes Rev. 2016;17(6):531–40. doi: 10.1111/obr.12395
11. Jakicic JM, Rogers RJ, Collins AM, Jackson R. Strategies for Physical Activity Interventions in the Treatment of Obesity. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2020;49(2): 289-301. doi: 10.1016/j.ecl.2020.02.004
12. Park H.-Y, Kim S, Kim Y, Park S, Nam S. Effects of exercise training at lactate threshold and detraining for 12 weeks on body composition, aerobic performance, and stress related variables in obese women. J Exerc Nutrition Biochem. 2019;23(3):22–8. doi: 10.20463/jenb.2019.0019
13. Boukabous I, Marcotte-Chénard A, Amamou T, Boulay P, Brochu M, Tessier D, et al. Low-volume high-intensity interval training versus moderate-intensity continuous training on body composition, cardiometabolic profile, and physical capacity in older women. J Aging Phys Act. 2019;27(6):879–89. doi: 10.1123/japa.2018-0309
14. Trapp EG, Chisholm DJ, Freund J, Boutcher SH. The effects of high-intensity intermittent exercise training on fat loss and fasting insulin levels of young women. Int J Obes. 2008;32(4):684–91. doi: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0803781
15. Wallman K, Plant LA, Rakimov B, Maiorana AJ. The effects of two modes of exercise on aerobic fitness and fat mass in an overweight Population. Res Sports Med. 2009;17(3):156–70. doi: 10.1080/15438620903120215
16. Cocks M, Shaw CS, Shepherd SO, Fisher JP, Ranasinghe A, Barker TA, et al. Sprint interval and moderate-intensity continuous training have equal benefits on aerobic capacity, insulin sensitivity, muscle capillarisation and endothelial eNOS/NAD(P) Hoxidase protein ratio in obese men. J Physiol. 2016;594(8):2307–21.
17. Higgins S, Fedewa MV, Hathaway ED, Schmidt MD, Evans EM. Sprint interval and moderate-intensity cycling training differentially affect adiposity and aerobic capacity in overweight young-adult women. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2016;41(11):1177–83. doi: 10.1139/apnm-2016-0240
18. Ho SS, Dhaliwal SS, Hills AP, Pal S. The effect of 12 weeks of aerobic, resistance or combination exercise training on cardiovascular risk factors in the overweight and obese in a randomized trial. BMC Public Health. 2012;12(1):1-10. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-704
19. Nieuwland W, Berkhuysen MA, Van Veldhuisen DJ, Rispens P. Individual assessment of intensity-level for exercise training in patients with coronary artery disease is necessary. Int J Cardiol. 2002;84(1):15–20. doi: 10.1016/S0167-5273(02)00059-1
20. Shishkova A, Petrova P, Tonev A, Bahlova P, Softov O, Kalchev E. Analysis of body composition in overweight and obese women using bioimpedance (BIA) system. J of IMAB. 2007;13(1):8–12.
21. Crapo RO, Casaburi R, Coates AL, Enright PL, MacIntyre NR, McKay RT et al. ATS statement: Guidelines for the six-minute walk test. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002;166:111-7. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm.166.1.at1102
22. Larsson UE, Reynisdottir S. The six-minute walk test in outpatients with obesity: Reproducibility and known group validity. Physiother Res Int. 2008;13(2):84–93. doi: 10.1002/pri.398
23. Yang YJ. An Overview of Current Physical Activity Recommendations in Primary Care. Korean J Fam Med. 2019;40(3):135–42.
24. Keating SE, Johnson NA, Mielke GI, Coombes JS. A systematic review and meta-analysis of interval training versus moderate-intensity continuous training on body adiposity. Obes Rev. 2017;18:943-64.
25. Kong Z, Sun S, Liu M, Shi Q. Short-term high-intensity interval training on body composition and blood glucose in overweight and obese young women. J Diabetes Res. 2016; ID:4073618:1-9.
26. Fisher G, Brown AW, Bohan MM, Alcorn A, Noles C, Winwood L, et al. High intensity interval- vs moderate intensity- training for improving cardiometabolic health in overweight or obese males: A Randomized controlled trial. PLoS One. 2015;10(10):1-15. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138853
27. Martins C, Kazakova I, Ludviksen M, Mehus I, Wisloff U, Kulseng B, et al. High intensity interval training and isocaloric moderate-intensity continuous training result in similar improvements in body composition and fitness in obese individuals. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2016;26(3):197–204. doi: 10.1123/ijsnem.2015-0078
28. Wewege M, van den Berg R, Ward RE, Keech A. The effects of high-intensity interval training vs. moderate-intensity continuous training on body composition in overweight and obese adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev. 2017;18(6):635-46. doi: 10.1111/obr.12532
29. Fiuza-Luces C, Garatachea N, Berger NA, Lucia A. Exercise is the real polypill. Physıology. 2013;28:330–58. doi: 10.1152/physiol.00019.2013
30. Millet GP, Vleck VE, Bentley DJ. Physiological differences between cycling and running: Lessons from triathletes. Sports Med. 2009;39(3):179-206. doi: 10.2165/00007256-200939030-00002
31. Kim S. Effect of complex training on carbon monoxide, cardiorespiratory function, and body mass among college students at the initial stage of stopping smoking. J Phys Ther Sci. 2017;29(8):1297–300. doi: 10.1589/jpts.29.1297
32. Di Angelantonio E, Bhupathiraju SN, Wormser D, Gao P, Kaptoge S, de Gonzalez AB, et al. Body-mass index and all-cause mortality: individual-participant-data meta-analysis of 239 prospective studies in four continents. The Lancet. 2016;388(10046):776–86. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30175-1
33. Ram A, Marcos L, Jones MD, Morey R, Hakansson S, Clark T, et al. The effect of high-intensity interval training and moderate-intensity continuous training on aerobic fitness and body composition in males with overweight or obesity: A randomized trial. Obes Med. 2020;17:1-6. doi: 10.1016/j.obmed.2020.100187
34. Hottenrott K, Ludyga S, Schulze S. Effects of high intensity training and continuous endurance training on aerobic capacity and body composition in recreationally active runners. J Sport Sci Med. 2012;11(3):483–8.
35. Lo MS, Lin LLC, Yao WJ, Ma, MC. Training and detraining effects of the resistance vs. endurance program on body composition, body size, and physical performance in young men. J Strength Cond Res. 2011;25(8):2246–54. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181e8a4be
36. McKay BR, Paterson DH, Kowalchuk JM. Effect of short-term high-intensity interval training vs. continuous training on O2 uptake kinetics, muscle deoxygenation, and exercise performance. J Appl Physiol. 2009;107(1):128–38. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.90828.2008
37. Dunham C, Harms CA. Effects of high-intensity interval training on pulmonary function. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2012;112(8):3061–8.
38. Pedersen BK, Saltin B. Exercise as medicine - Evidence for prescribing exercise as therapy in 26 different chronic diseases. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2015;25:1–72. doi: 10.1111/sms.12581
39. Wisløff U, Najjar SM, Ellingsen Ø, Haram PM, Swoap S, Al-Share Q, et al. Cardiovascular risk factors emerge after artificial selection for low aerobic capacity. Science. 2005;307(5708):418–20. doi: 10.1126/science.1108177
40. Silva LA, Pinho CA, Scarabelot KS, Fraga DB, Volpato AMJ, Boeck CR, et al. Physical exercise increases mitochondrial function and reduces oxidative damage in skeletal muscle. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2009;105(6): 861–7. doi: 10.1007/s00421-008-0971-8
41. Koltai E, Hart N, Taylor AW, Goto S, Ngo JK, Davies KJA, et al. Age-associated declines in mitochondrial biogenesis and protein quality control factors are minimized by exercise training. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2012;303(2):127-34. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.00337.2011
42. Millán J, Pintó X, Muñoz A, Zúñiga M, Rubiés-Prat J, Pallardo LF, et al. Lipoprotein ratios: Physiological significance and clinical usefulness in cardiovascular prevention. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2009;5:757-65. doi: 10.2147/vhrm.s6269
43. Mathunjwa ML, Semple SJ, du Preez C. A 10-week aerobic exercise program reduces cardiometabolic disease risk in overweight/obese female African university students. Ethn Dis. 2013;23(2):143–8.
44. Chiang TL, Chen C, Hsu CH, Lin YC, Wu HJ. Is the goal of 12,000 steps per day sufficient for improving body composition and metabolic syndrome? the necessity of combining exercise intensity: A randomized controlled trial. BMC Public Health. 2019;19(1):1-9. doi: 10.1186/s12889-019-7554-y

There are 44 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language	English
Subjects	Rehabilitation
Journal Section	Research article
Authors	Meltem Sertbaş This is me Serkan Elarslan 0000-0001-6386-4525 Emre Şenocak 0000-0003-3677-9813
Publication Date	March 1, 2021
Published in Issue	Year 2021 Volume: 5 Issue: 3

Cite

APA	Sertbaş, M., Elarslan, S., & Şenocak, E. (2021). Changes in adipose tissue and biochemical parameters after aerobic exercise in overweight and obese women. Journal of Surgery and Medicine, 5(3), 294-298. https://doi.org/10.28982/josam.876451
AMA	Sertbaş M, Elarslan S, Şenocak E. Changes in adipose tissue and biochemical parameters after aerobic exercise in overweight and obese women. J Surg Med. March 2021;5(3):294-298. doi:10.28982/josam.876451
Chicago	Sertbaş, Meltem, Serkan Elarslan, and Emre Şenocak. “Changes in Adipose Tissue and Biochemical Parameters After Aerobic Exercise in Overweight and Obese Women”. Journal of Surgery and Medicine 5, no. 3 (March 2021): 294-98. https://doi.org/10.28982/josam.876451.
EndNote	Sertbaş M, Elarslan S, Şenocak E (March 1, 2021) Changes in adipose tissue and biochemical parameters after aerobic exercise in overweight and obese women. Journal of Surgery and Medicine 5 3 294–298.
IEEE	M. Sertbaş, S. Elarslan, and E. Şenocak, “Changes in adipose tissue and biochemical parameters after aerobic exercise in overweight and obese women”, J Surg Med, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 294–298, 2021, doi: 10.28982/josam.876451.
ISNAD	Sertbaş, Meltem et al. “Changes in Adipose Tissue and Biochemical Parameters After Aerobic Exercise in Overweight and Obese Women”. Journal of Surgery and Medicine 5/3 (March 2021), 294-298. https://doi.org/10.28982/josam.876451.
JAMA	Sertbaş M, Elarslan S, Şenocak E. Changes in adipose tissue and biochemical parameters after aerobic exercise in overweight and obese women. J Surg Med. 2021;5:294–298.
MLA	Sertbaş, Meltem et al. “Changes in Adipose Tissue and Biochemical Parameters After Aerobic Exercise in Overweight and Obese Women”. Journal of Surgery and Medicine, vol. 5, no. 3, 2021, pp. 294-8, doi:10.28982/josam.876451.
Vancouver	Sertbaş M, Elarslan S, Şenocak E. Changes in adipose tissue and biochemical parameters after aerobic exercise in overweight and obese women. J Surg Med. 2021;5(3):294-8.

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