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Evaluation of tetanus immunoglobulin G levels according to age and sociodemographic characteristics: A community-based study

Year 2021, Volume: 13 Issue: 3, 488 - 496, 18.10.2021
https://doi.org/10.18521/ktd.765027

Abstract

Objective: In the present study, it was aimed to determine the serum tetanus antibody levels in individuals aged 18 and over and examine whether the antibody levels have changed with advancing age.
Methods: This descriptive research was carried out on 916 adults aged 18 years and over in Konya. A survey containing sociodemographic features was filled and tetanus IgG levels was measured.
Results: In this study, 916 suitable people in total who consisted of 68.4% (n=627) female and 31.6% (n=289) male were included. Of the participants, 756 (82.5%) had protective tetanus antibody levels (≥0.1 IU/mL), and 160 (17.5%) had unreliable protective antibody levels (<0.1 IU/mL). No significant difference was found between male and female gender (p=0.225). Antibody levels of those who had secondary and higher education were found significantly higher than those with primary education or less. Antibody levels decrease significantly with increasing age (p<0.001). Antibody levels were significantly found higher the employees than the unemployed (p<0.001), the unmarried than the married (p=0.004), and the people with high income than those with low income (p<0.001) statistically. Antibody levels of those who were vaccinated earlier were found significantly higher (p<0.001).
Conclusions: In this study, it was determined that tetanus antibody levels of the people at old age, with low educational level and without vaccine were lower. Tetanus is a life-threatening public health problem, so new health policies should be developed in this regard.

Supporting Institution

This study was supported financially by Necmettin Erbakan University Scientific Research Coordination Center (Number 171218011).

Project Number

Project Number: 171218011

Thanks

The authors thank the Necmettin Erbakan University Scientific Research Coordination Center for the financial support to this study.

References

  • REFERENCES 1. Bleck TP. Clostridium tetani (tetanus). In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R, editors. Mandell, Douglas and Bennett’s Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone; 2010. p. 3091-6.
  • 2. Weinberger B. Vaccines for the elderly: current use and future challenges.Immun Ageing. 2018;15:3. doi: 10.1186/s12979-017-0107-2. 3. Gergen PJ, McQuillan GM, Kiely M, Ezzati-Rice TM, Sutter RW, Virella G. A population-based serologic survey of immunity to tetanus in the United States. N Engl J Med. 1995;332(12):761-6.
  • 4. Türkiye EKMUD-Erişkin Bağışıklama Rehberi. https://www.ekmud.org.tr/haber/264-turkiye-ekmud-eriskin-bagisiklama-rehberi Access date: 12.02.2020.
  • 5. McQuillan GM, Kruszon-Moran D, Deforest A, Chu SY, Wharton M. Serologic immunity to diphtheria and tetanus in the United States. Ann Intern Med. 2002;136(9):660-6.
  • 6. Ergönül O, Sozen T, Tekeli E. Immunity to Tetanus Among Adults in Turkey. Scand J Infect Dis. 2001;33(10):728-30. doi: 10.1080/003655401317074491.
  • 7. Tetanus toxin IgG ELISA - DRG Diagnostics. www.drg-diagnostics.de/.../eia-3514_ifu--tetanus-toxin-IgG.
  • 8. MacLennan R, Schofield FD, Pittman M, Hardegree MC, Barile MF (1965). Immunization against neonatal tetanus in New Guinea: antitoxin response of pregnant women to adjuvant and plain toxoids. Bull World Health Organ.32:683–97.
  • 9. Quinn HE, McIntyre PB. Tetanus in the elderly--An important preventable disease in Australia. Vaccine. 2007;25(7):1304-9.
  • 10. Wu CJ, Ko HC, Lee HC, Tsai WC, Li MG, Pao YZ, Lee NY, Chang CM, Shih HI, Ko WC. Decline of tetanus antitoxin level with age in Taiwan. J Formos Med Assoc. 2009;108(5):395-401.
  • 11. Saxena S, Jais M, Dutta R, Dutta AK. Serological immunity to diphtheria and tetanus in healthy adults in Delhi, India. Trop Doct. 2009;39(3):160-3.
  • 12. Domínguez A, Plans P, Costa J, Espuñes J, Cardeñosa N, Salleras L, Plasència A. The seroepidemiology of tetanus in Catalonia, Spain. Med Microbiol Immunol. 2007;196(2):115-9. Epub 2007 Jan 23
  • 13. Tansel O, Ekuklu G, Eker A, Kunduracilar H, Yuluğkural Z, Yüksel P. Community-based seroepidemiology of diphtheria and tetanus in Edirne, Turkey. Jpn J Infect Dis. 2009;62(4):275-8.
  • 14. Aue A, Hennig H, Krüger S, Closius B, Kirchner H, Seyfarth M. Immunity against diphtheria and tetanus in German blood donors. Med Microbiol Immunol 2003;192(2):93-7.
  • 15. Symeonidis N, Symeonidis C, Souliou E, Houiazi E, Diza E, Symeonidis A, Antoniadis A. Serological survey of immunity to tetanus in adult population of Northern Halkidiki, Greece. Eur J Epidemiol. 2003;18(12):1147-52.
  • 16. Gidding HF, Backhouse JL, Burgess MA, Gilbert GL Immunity to diphtheria and tetanus in Australia: a national serosurvey. Med J Aust. 2005;183(6):301-4.
  • 17. Dundar V, Yumuk Z, Ozturk-Dundar D, Erdoğan S, Gacar G. Prevalence of tetanus immunity in the Kocaeli Region, Turkey. Jpn J Infect Dis. 2005;58(5):279-82.
  • 18. de Melker HE, van den Hof S, Berbers GA, Nagelkerke NJ, Rümke HC, Conyn-van Spaendonck MA. A population-based study on tetanus antitoxin levels in the Netherlands. Vaccine. 1999;18(1-2):100-8.
  • 19. Afzali H, Sharif MR, Mousavi S. Determination of Tetanus Antibody Levels in Trauma Patients Referred To Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Kashan, Iran, 2014. Arch Trauma Res. 2015;4(3):e30687. doi: 10.5812/atr.30687. eCollection 2015 Sep.
  • 20. Hayney MS, Love GD, Carlberg BM, Buck JM, Muller D. Tetanus seroprevalence among farmers: a preliminary study. J Rural Health. 2003 Spring;19(2):109-12.
  • 21. Ozturk A, Goahmetoğlu S, Erdem F, Mýsguroğlu Alkan S. Tetanus antitoxin levels among adults over 40 years of age in Central Anatolia, Turkey. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2003;9(1):33-8.
  • 22. Yuan L, Lau W, Thipphawong J, Kasenda M, Xie F, Bevilacqua J. Diphtheria and tetanus immunity among blood donors in Toronto. CMAJ. 1997;156(7):985-90.
  • 23. Coplu N, Esen B, Gozalan A, Kurtoglu D, Ishid S, Miyamura K. Immunity against tetanus and effect of vaccination in Turkey. Scand J Infect Dis. 2006;38(11-12):1009-16.
  • 24. Maral I, Cirak M, Aksakal FN, Baykan Z, Kayikcioglu F, Bumin MA.Tetanus immunization in pregnant women. Serum levels of antitetanus antibodies at time of delivery. Eur J Epidemiol. 2001;17(7):661-5.
  • 25. Aboud S, Lyamuya EF, Kristoffersen EK, Matre R. Tetanus immunity among pregnant women attending antenatal care in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Afr J Reprod Health. 2002;6(2):87-93.

Tetanoz immünoglobulin G düzeylerinin yaş ve sosyodemografik özelliklere göre değerlendirilmesi: Toplum temelli bir çalışma

Year 2021, Volume: 13 Issue: 3, 488 - 496, 18.10.2021
https://doi.org/10.18521/ktd.765027

Abstract

Amaç: Sunulan çalışmada serum tetanoz antikor seviyelerinin 18 yaş ve üzeri bireylerde belirlenmesi ve ilerleyen yaş ile birlikte antikor düzeylerinin değişip değişmediğinin incelemesi amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu tanımlayıcı araştırma Konya'da 18 yaş ve üstü 916 yetişkin üzerinde yapılmıştır. Sosyodemografik özellikler içeren bir anket dolduruldu ve tetanoz IgG düzeyleri ölçüldü.
Bulgular: Çalışmaya % 68,4 (n = 627) kadın, % 31,6 (n = 289) erkek toplam 916 uygun kişi alındı. Katılımcıların 756'sında (%82,5) koruyucu tetanoz antikor düzeyi (≥0,1 IU / mL) ve 160'ında (%17,5) güvenilir olmayan koruyucu antikor düzeyi (<0,1 IU / mL) vardı. Erkek ve kadın cinsiyet arasında anlamlı bir fark bulunmadı (p=0.225). Ortaokul ve daha üstü eğitimlilerde antikor düzeyleri, ilkokul ve daha az eğitim almış olanlara göre anlamlı olarak yüksek bulunmuştur. Antikor seviyeleri yaş arttıkça önemli ölçüde azalıyordu (p<0,001). Antikor düzeyleri, çalışanlarda işsizlere göre (p<0,001), bekarlarda evli olanlara göre (p=0,004) ve gelir seviyesi yüksek olanlarda düşük geliri olanlara göre (p<0,001) istatistiksel olarak anlamlı derecede yüksek bulundu. Daha önce aşılananların antikor düzeyleri anlamlı olarak yüksekti (p<0,001).
Sonuç: Bu çalışmada, ileri yaşta olanlarda, eğitim düzeyi düşük ve aşılanmamış kişilerde tetanoz antikor düzeylerinin düşük olduğu belirlenmiştir. Tetanoz hayatı tehdit eden bir halk sağlığı sorunudur, bu nedenle bu konuda yeni sağlık politikaları geliştirilmelidir.

Project Number

Project Number: 171218011

References

  • REFERENCES 1. Bleck TP. Clostridium tetani (tetanus). In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R, editors. Mandell, Douglas and Bennett’s Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone; 2010. p. 3091-6.
  • 2. Weinberger B. Vaccines for the elderly: current use and future challenges.Immun Ageing. 2018;15:3. doi: 10.1186/s12979-017-0107-2. 3. Gergen PJ, McQuillan GM, Kiely M, Ezzati-Rice TM, Sutter RW, Virella G. A population-based serologic survey of immunity to tetanus in the United States. N Engl J Med. 1995;332(12):761-6.
  • 4. Türkiye EKMUD-Erişkin Bağışıklama Rehberi. https://www.ekmud.org.tr/haber/264-turkiye-ekmud-eriskin-bagisiklama-rehberi Access date: 12.02.2020.
  • 5. McQuillan GM, Kruszon-Moran D, Deforest A, Chu SY, Wharton M. Serologic immunity to diphtheria and tetanus in the United States. Ann Intern Med. 2002;136(9):660-6.
  • 6. Ergönül O, Sozen T, Tekeli E. Immunity to Tetanus Among Adults in Turkey. Scand J Infect Dis. 2001;33(10):728-30. doi: 10.1080/003655401317074491.
  • 7. Tetanus toxin IgG ELISA - DRG Diagnostics. www.drg-diagnostics.de/.../eia-3514_ifu--tetanus-toxin-IgG.
  • 8. MacLennan R, Schofield FD, Pittman M, Hardegree MC, Barile MF (1965). Immunization against neonatal tetanus in New Guinea: antitoxin response of pregnant women to adjuvant and plain toxoids. Bull World Health Organ.32:683–97.
  • 9. Quinn HE, McIntyre PB. Tetanus in the elderly--An important preventable disease in Australia. Vaccine. 2007;25(7):1304-9.
  • 10. Wu CJ, Ko HC, Lee HC, Tsai WC, Li MG, Pao YZ, Lee NY, Chang CM, Shih HI, Ko WC. Decline of tetanus antitoxin level with age in Taiwan. J Formos Med Assoc. 2009;108(5):395-401.
  • 11. Saxena S, Jais M, Dutta R, Dutta AK. Serological immunity to diphtheria and tetanus in healthy adults in Delhi, India. Trop Doct. 2009;39(3):160-3.
  • 12. Domínguez A, Plans P, Costa J, Espuñes J, Cardeñosa N, Salleras L, Plasència A. The seroepidemiology of tetanus in Catalonia, Spain. Med Microbiol Immunol. 2007;196(2):115-9. Epub 2007 Jan 23
  • 13. Tansel O, Ekuklu G, Eker A, Kunduracilar H, Yuluğkural Z, Yüksel P. Community-based seroepidemiology of diphtheria and tetanus in Edirne, Turkey. Jpn J Infect Dis. 2009;62(4):275-8.
  • 14. Aue A, Hennig H, Krüger S, Closius B, Kirchner H, Seyfarth M. Immunity against diphtheria and tetanus in German blood donors. Med Microbiol Immunol 2003;192(2):93-7.
  • 15. Symeonidis N, Symeonidis C, Souliou E, Houiazi E, Diza E, Symeonidis A, Antoniadis A. Serological survey of immunity to tetanus in adult population of Northern Halkidiki, Greece. Eur J Epidemiol. 2003;18(12):1147-52.
  • 16. Gidding HF, Backhouse JL, Burgess MA, Gilbert GL Immunity to diphtheria and tetanus in Australia: a national serosurvey. Med J Aust. 2005;183(6):301-4.
  • 17. Dundar V, Yumuk Z, Ozturk-Dundar D, Erdoğan S, Gacar G. Prevalence of tetanus immunity in the Kocaeli Region, Turkey. Jpn J Infect Dis. 2005;58(5):279-82.
  • 18. de Melker HE, van den Hof S, Berbers GA, Nagelkerke NJ, Rümke HC, Conyn-van Spaendonck MA. A population-based study on tetanus antitoxin levels in the Netherlands. Vaccine. 1999;18(1-2):100-8.
  • 19. Afzali H, Sharif MR, Mousavi S. Determination of Tetanus Antibody Levels in Trauma Patients Referred To Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Kashan, Iran, 2014. Arch Trauma Res. 2015;4(3):e30687. doi: 10.5812/atr.30687. eCollection 2015 Sep.
  • 20. Hayney MS, Love GD, Carlberg BM, Buck JM, Muller D. Tetanus seroprevalence among farmers: a preliminary study. J Rural Health. 2003 Spring;19(2):109-12.
  • 21. Ozturk A, Goahmetoğlu S, Erdem F, Mýsguroğlu Alkan S. Tetanus antitoxin levels among adults over 40 years of age in Central Anatolia, Turkey. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2003;9(1):33-8.
  • 22. Yuan L, Lau W, Thipphawong J, Kasenda M, Xie F, Bevilacqua J. Diphtheria and tetanus immunity among blood donors in Toronto. CMAJ. 1997;156(7):985-90.
  • 23. Coplu N, Esen B, Gozalan A, Kurtoglu D, Ishid S, Miyamura K. Immunity against tetanus and effect of vaccination in Turkey. Scand J Infect Dis. 2006;38(11-12):1009-16.
  • 24. Maral I, Cirak M, Aksakal FN, Baykan Z, Kayikcioglu F, Bumin MA.Tetanus immunization in pregnant women. Serum levels of antitetanus antibodies at time of delivery. Eur J Epidemiol. 2001;17(7):661-5.
  • 25. Aboud S, Lyamuya EF, Kristoffersen EK, Matre R. Tetanus immunity among pregnant women attending antenatal care in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Afr J Reprod Health. 2002;6(2):87-93.
There are 24 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Ruhuşen Kutlu 0000-0002-8502-0232

Metin Dogan 0000-0003-3471-4768

Ali Rıza Çapa This is me 0000-0003-0520-0258

Mahmut Baykan 0000-0002-9954-6040

Project Number Project Number: 171218011
Publication Date October 18, 2021
Acceptance Date May 3, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 13 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Kutlu, R., Dogan, M., Çapa, A. R., Baykan, M. (2021). Evaluation of tetanus immunoglobulin G levels according to age and sociodemographic characteristics: A community-based study. Konuralp Medical Journal, 13(3), 488-496. https://doi.org/10.18521/ktd.765027
AMA Kutlu R, Dogan M, Çapa AR, Baykan M. Evaluation of tetanus immunoglobulin G levels according to age and sociodemographic characteristics: A community-based study. Konuralp Medical Journal. October 2021;13(3):488-496. doi:10.18521/ktd.765027
Chicago Kutlu, Ruhuşen, Metin Dogan, Ali Rıza Çapa, and Mahmut Baykan. “Evaluation of Tetanus Immunoglobulin G Levels According to Age and Sociodemographic Characteristics: A Community-Based Study”. Konuralp Medical Journal 13, no. 3 (October 2021): 488-96. https://doi.org/10.18521/ktd.765027.
EndNote Kutlu R, Dogan M, Çapa AR, Baykan M (October 1, 2021) Evaluation of tetanus immunoglobulin G levels according to age and sociodemographic characteristics: A community-based study. Konuralp Medical Journal 13 3 488–496.
IEEE R. Kutlu, M. Dogan, A. R. Çapa, and M. Baykan, “Evaluation of tetanus immunoglobulin G levels according to age and sociodemographic characteristics: A community-based study”, Konuralp Medical Journal, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 488–496, 2021, doi: 10.18521/ktd.765027.
ISNAD Kutlu, Ruhuşen et al. “Evaluation of Tetanus Immunoglobulin G Levels According to Age and Sociodemographic Characteristics: A Community-Based Study”. Konuralp Medical Journal 13/3 (October 2021), 488-496. https://doi.org/10.18521/ktd.765027.
JAMA Kutlu R, Dogan M, Çapa AR, Baykan M. Evaluation of tetanus immunoglobulin G levels according to age and sociodemographic characteristics: A community-based study. Konuralp Medical Journal. 2021;13:488–496.
MLA Kutlu, Ruhuşen et al. “Evaluation of Tetanus Immunoglobulin G Levels According to Age and Sociodemographic Characteristics: A Community-Based Study”. Konuralp Medical Journal, vol. 13, no. 3, 2021, pp. 488-96, doi:10.18521/ktd.765027.
Vancouver Kutlu R, Dogan M, Çapa AR, Baykan M. Evaluation of tetanus immunoglobulin G levels according to age and sociodemographic characteristics: A community-based study. Konuralp Medical Journal. 2021;13(3):488-96.