FEAR, AVOIDANCE ATTITUDES AND VACCINATION TOWARDS COVID-19 AND BREASTFEEDING SELF-EFFICACY OF MOTHERS WITH 0-6 MONTHS-OLD BABIES IN RURAL AREA

Ayşegül Kılıçlı; Emine Beyaz

Research Article

FEAR, AVOIDANCE ATTITUDES AND VACCINATION TOWARDS COVID-19 AND BREASTFEEDING SELF-EFFICACY OF MOTHERS WITH 0-6 MONTHS-OLD BABIES IN RURAL AREA

Year 2023, Volume: 3 Issue: 3, 48 - 60, 27.12.2023

Ayşegül Kılıçlı Emine Beyaz

Abstract

Aim: Aim of study is to determine fear, avoidance attitude and vaccination towards COVID-19 and breastfeeding self-efficacy of mothers with 0-6 months old babies in rural area. Material and Method: This is a cross-sectional study. Sample consisted of 297 mothers with 0-6 month old babies. Data were collected through the Introductory Information Form, Fear of COVID-19 Scale, Avoidance Attitudes from COVID-19, and Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale. Results: Breasfeeding self-efficiacy was found to be highest in those who had never been vaccinated. 19.2% of mothers received COVID-19 vaccine in this pregnancy. Breasfeeding self-efficiacy is higher in those not vaccinated against COVID-19 in this pregnancy. A positive correlation was found between fear and cognitive avoidance (r:0.45), and behavioral avoidance (r:0.48). A positive correlation (r:0.13) was found between age and fear. It was established that mothers' fear of coronavirus predicted coronavirus avoidance by 32%, cognitive avoidance by 21%, and behavioral avoidance by 23% significantly. Conclusion: It was determined that the fear of coronavirus causes avoidance in mothers, but fear and avoidance did not affect breastfeeding self-efficacy. In addition, it was determined that vaccination affected breastfeeding self-efficacy.

Keywords

COVID-19, FEAR, AVOIDANCE ATTITUDE, VACCINATION, BREASTFEEDING SELF-EFFICACY

Supporting Institution

YOKTUR

Project Number

YOKTUR

Thanks

The authors would like to give thanks to participants to study

References

Ahorsu, D. K., Lin, C. Y., Imani, V., Saffari, M., Griffiths, M. D., & Pakpour, A. H. (2022). The fear of COVID-19 scale: Development and initial validation. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 20(3), 1537–1545 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00270-8
Aluş-Tokat, M., Okumuş, H., & Dennis, C. L. (2010). Translation and psychometric assessment of the breastfeeding self-efficacy scale-short form among pregnant and postnatal women in Turkey. Midwifery, 26(1), 101-108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2008.04.002
Asadi, L., Tabatabaei, R. S., Safinejad, H., & Mohammadi, M. (2020). New Corona Virus (COVID-19) management in pregnancy and childbirth. Archives of Clinical Infectious Diseases, 15, e102938. https://doi.org/10.5812/archcid.102938
Ataman-Bor, N., İpekçi, N. N., & Öztürk, M. (2021). An assessment of the relationship between coronavirus anxiety of breastfeeding mothers and their breastfeeding self-efficacy. Göbeklitepe International Journal of Health Sciences, 4(4), 70-86. http://gobeklitepejournal.com/Makaleler/829643503_8%20ID%2042.pdf
Bakioğlu, F., Korkmaz, O., & Ercan, H. (2021). Fear of COVID-19 and positivity: Mediating role of intolerance of uncertainty, depression, anxiety, and stress. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 19(6), 2369-2382. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00331-y
Beheshti, M. A. Z., Alimoradi, Z., & Bahrami, N. (2021). Study of the predictors of breastfeeding self-efficacy in mothers during the Covid-19 pandemic. Research Square, 1-19. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-246918/v1
Bertrand, K., Honerkamp-Smith, G., & Chambers, C. D. (2021). Maternal and child outcomes reported by breastfeeding women following Messenger RNA COVID-19 Vaccination. Breastfeeding Medicine, 16(9), 697-701. https://doi.org/10.1089/bfm.2021.0169 .
Brockway, M., Benzies, K., & Hayden, K.A. (2017). Interventions to improve breastfeeding self-efficacy and resultant breastfeeding rates: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Human Lactation, 33(3), 486-499. https://doi.org/10.1177/0890334417707957
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Cohen, J. (1992). Statistical power analysis. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 1(3), 98-101. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8721.ep10768783
Çırakoğlu O. C. (2011). The investigation of Swine Influenza (H1N1) pandemic related perceptions in terms of anxiety and avoidance variables. Turkish Journal of Psychology, 26(67), 49-64. https://www.psikolog.org.tr/tr/yayinlar/dergiler/1031828/tpd1300443320110000m000096.pdf
Davanzo, R., Moro, G., Sandri, F., Agosti, M., Moretti, C., & Mosca, F. (2020). Breastfeeding and coronavirus disease‐2019: Ad interim indications of the Italian Society of Neonatology endorsed by the Union of European Neonatal & Perinatal Societies. Maternal &Child Nutrition, 16(3), e13010. https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.13010
Dennis, C. L. (2003). Breastfeeding self efficacy scale: Psychometric assessment of the short form. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic and Neonatal Nursing, 32, 734-743. https://doi.org/10.1177/0884217503258459
Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A. G. & Buchner, A. (2007). G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behavior Research Methods, 39, 175-191. https://doi.org/10.3758/bf03193146
Geniş, B., Gürhan, N., Koç, M., Geniş, Ç., Şirin, B., Çırakoğlu, O. C., & Coşar, B. (2020). Development of perception and attitude scales related with COVID-19 pandemia. Pearson Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 5(7), 306-28. https://doi.org/10.46872/pj.127
Gokceoglu, E., & Küçükoğlu, S. (2018). Validity and reliability study of Perception of Insufficient Milk Supply Questionnaire for Turkish Society. International Journal of Innovative Research and Reviews, 2(2), 15-20. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/injirr/issue/51805/801243.
Harper, C. A., Satchell, L. P., Fido, D., & Latzman, R. D. (2021). Functional fear predicts public health compliance in the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 19(5), 1875-1888. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00281-5
Kurt, Ş. H. (2021). Mother-Child Communication and Mothers' Fear of Coronavirus Disease During the Pandemic. -Current Approaches in Psychiatry, 13(Suppl 1), 245-256. https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.971643.
Leech, N. L., Barrett, K. C. & Morgan, G. A. (2005). SPSS for intermediate statistics: Use and interpretation. Second Edition, Taylor & Francis.
Liu, S., Yang, L., Zhang, C., Xiang, Y. T., Liu, Z., Hu, S., & Zhang, B. (2020). Online mental health services in China during the COVID-19 outbreak. Lancet Psychiatry, 7(4), e17-e18. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30077-8
Lum, L. H. W., & Tambyah, P. A. (2020). Outbreak of COVID-19 - An urgent need for good science to silence our fears?. Singapore Medical Association, 61(2), 55-57. https://doi.org/10.11622/smedj.2020018
Martínez-Lorca, M., Martínez-Lorca, A., Criado-Álvarez, J. J., Armesilla, M. D. C., & Latorre, J. M. (2020). The fear of COVID-19 scale: Validation in Spanish university students. Psychiatry Research, 293, 113350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113350
McLaurin-Jiang, S., Garner, C. D., Krutsch, K., & Hale, T. W. (2021). Maternal and child symptoms following COVID-19 Vaccination Among Breastfeeding Mothers. Breastfeeding Medicine, 16(9), 702-709. https://doi.org/10.1089/bfm.2021.0079
Milligan-Saville, J. S., & Graham, B. M. (2016). Mothers do it differently: Reproductive experience alters fear extinction in female rats and women. Translational psychiatry, 6(10), e928. https://doi.org/10.1038/tp.2016.193
Nanishi, K., Green, J., Taguri, M., & Jimba, M. (2015). Determining a cut-off point for scores of the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form: Secondary data analysis of an ıntervention study in Japan. PLoS One, 10(6), e0129698. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0129698
Piltch-Loeb, R., & Abramson, D. (2020). Information-accessing behavior during Zika Virus outbreak, United States, 2016. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 26(9), 2290-2292. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2609.191519
Reznik, A., Gritsenko, V., Konstantinov, V., Khamenka, N., & Isralowitz, R. (2021). COVID-19 fear in Eastern Europe: Validation of the fear of COVID-19 scale. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 19(5), 1903-1908. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00283-3
Salehi, L., Rahimzadeh, M., Molaei, E., Zaheri, H., Esmaelzadeh-Saeieh, S. (2020). The relationship among fear and anxiety of COVID-19, pregnancy experience, and mental health disorder in pregnant women: A structural equation model. Brain and Behavior, 10(11), e01835. https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.1835.
Schaal, N. K., Zöllkau, J., Hepp, P., Fehm, T., & Hagenbeck, C. (2021). Pregnant and breastfeeding women’s attitudes and fears regarding the COVID‑19 vaccination. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-021-06297-z.
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KIRSAL BÖLGEDE 0-6 AYLIK BEBEĞİ OLAN ANNELERİN COVİD-19’A YÖNELİK KORKU, KAÇINMA TUTUMU, AŞILANMA VE EMZİRME ÖZYETERLİLİĞİ

Year 2023, Volume: 3 Issue: 3, 48 - 60, 27.12.2023

Ayşegül Kılıçlı Emine Beyaz

Abstract

Amaç: Bu araştırmanın amacı kırsal bölgede 0-6 aylık bebeği olan annelerin COVID-19’a yönelik korku, kaçınma tutumu ve aşılanma durumu ile emzirme özyeterliliğinin belirlenmesidir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Kesitsel tiptedir. Örneklemini 0-6 aylık bebeği olan 297 anne oluşturmuştur. Veriler Tanıtıcı Bilgi Formu, COVID-19 Korkusu Ölçeği, COVID-19’dan Kaçınma Tutumları Ölçeği, Emzirme Özyeterliliği Ölçeği ile toplanmıştır. Bulgular: Emzirme özyeterliği hiç aşı olmayanlarda daha yüksek belirlenmiştir. Annelerin %19.2’si bu gebeliğinde COVID-19 aşısı olmuştur. Emzirme özyeterliği bu gebeliğinde COVID-19 aşısı olmayanlarda daha yüksektir. Korku ile bilişsel kaçınma (r:0.45) ve dvranışsal kaçınma (r:0.48) arasında pozitif korelasyon saptanmıştır. Yaş ile korku arasında pozitif korelasyon belirlenmiştir (r:0.13). Annelerin koronavirüs korkusunun kaçınmayı %32, bilişsel kaçınmayı %21, davranışsal kaçınmayı %23 oranla anlamlı şekilde yordadığı belirlenmiştir. It was established that mothers' fear of coronavirus predicted coronavirus avoidance by 32%, cognitive avoidance by 21%, and behavioral avoidance by 23%. Sonuç: Koronavirüs korkusunun annelerde kaçınmayı neden olduğu, fakat korku ve kaçınmanın emzirme özyeterliliğini etkilemediği belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca aşılanmanın emzirme özyeterliliğini etkilediği belirlenmiştir.

Keywords

COVID-19, KORKU, KAÇINMA TUTUMU, AŞI, EMZİRME ÖZYETERLİLİĞİ

Project Number

YOKTUR

References

Ahorsu, D. K., Lin, C. Y., Imani, V., Saffari, M., Griffiths, M. D., & Pakpour, A. H. (2022). The fear of COVID-19 scale: Development and initial validation. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 20(3), 1537–1545 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00270-8
Aluş-Tokat, M., Okumuş, H., & Dennis, C. L. (2010). Translation and psychometric assessment of the breastfeeding self-efficacy scale-short form among pregnant and postnatal women in Turkey. Midwifery, 26(1), 101-108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2008.04.002
Asadi, L., Tabatabaei, R. S., Safinejad, H., & Mohammadi, M. (2020). New Corona Virus (COVID-19) management in pregnancy and childbirth. Archives of Clinical Infectious Diseases, 15, e102938. https://doi.org/10.5812/archcid.102938
Ataman-Bor, N., İpekçi, N. N., & Öztürk, M. (2021). An assessment of the relationship between coronavirus anxiety of breastfeeding mothers and their breastfeeding self-efficacy. Göbeklitepe International Journal of Health Sciences, 4(4), 70-86. http://gobeklitepejournal.com/Makaleler/829643503_8%20ID%2042.pdf
Bakioğlu, F., Korkmaz, O., & Ercan, H. (2021). Fear of COVID-19 and positivity: Mediating role of intolerance of uncertainty, depression, anxiety, and stress. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 19(6), 2369-2382. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00331-y
Beheshti, M. A. Z., Alimoradi, Z., & Bahrami, N. (2021). Study of the predictors of breastfeeding self-efficacy in mothers during the Covid-19 pandemic. Research Square, 1-19. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-246918/v1
Bertrand, K., Honerkamp-Smith, G., & Chambers, C. D. (2021). Maternal and child outcomes reported by breastfeeding women following Messenger RNA COVID-19 Vaccination. Breastfeeding Medicine, 16(9), 697-701. https://doi.org/10.1089/bfm.2021.0169 .
Brockway, M., Benzies, K., & Hayden, K.A. (2017). Interventions to improve breastfeeding self-efficacy and resultant breastfeeding rates: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Human Lactation, 33(3), 486-499. https://doi.org/10.1177/0890334417707957
Carbone, L., Mappa, I., Sirico, A., Di Girolamo, R., Saccone, G., Di Mascio, D., Donadono, V., Cuomo, L., Gabrielli, O., Migliorini, S., Luviso, M., D’antonio, F., Rizzo, G., Maruotti, G. M. (2021). Pregnant women's perspectives on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vaccine. American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Maternal-Fetal Medicine, 3(4), 100352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajogmf.2021.100352
Cohen, J. (1992). Statistical power analysis. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 1(3), 98-101. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8721.ep10768783
Çırakoğlu O. C. (2011). The investigation of Swine Influenza (H1N1) pandemic related perceptions in terms of anxiety and avoidance variables. Turkish Journal of Psychology, 26(67), 49-64. https://www.psikolog.org.tr/tr/yayinlar/dergiler/1031828/tpd1300443320110000m000096.pdf
Davanzo, R., Moro, G., Sandri, F., Agosti, M., Moretti, C., & Mosca, F. (2020). Breastfeeding and coronavirus disease‐2019: Ad interim indications of the Italian Society of Neonatology endorsed by the Union of European Neonatal & Perinatal Societies. Maternal &Child Nutrition, 16(3), e13010. https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.13010
Dennis, C. L. (2003). Breastfeeding self efficacy scale: Psychometric assessment of the short form. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic and Neonatal Nursing, 32, 734-743. https://doi.org/10.1177/0884217503258459
Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A. G. & Buchner, A. (2007). G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behavior Research Methods, 39, 175-191. https://doi.org/10.3758/bf03193146
Geniş, B., Gürhan, N., Koç, M., Geniş, Ç., Şirin, B., Çırakoğlu, O. C., & Coşar, B. (2020). Development of perception and attitude scales related with COVID-19 pandemia. Pearson Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 5(7), 306-28. https://doi.org/10.46872/pj.127
Gokceoglu, E., & Küçükoğlu, S. (2018). Validity and reliability study of Perception of Insufficient Milk Supply Questionnaire for Turkish Society. International Journal of Innovative Research and Reviews, 2(2), 15-20. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/injirr/issue/51805/801243.
Harper, C. A., Satchell, L. P., Fido, D., & Latzman, R. D. (2021). Functional fear predicts public health compliance in the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 19(5), 1875-1888. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00281-5
Kurt, Ş. H. (2021). Mother-Child Communication and Mothers' Fear of Coronavirus Disease During the Pandemic. -Current Approaches in Psychiatry, 13(Suppl 1), 245-256. https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.971643.
Leech, N. L., Barrett, K. C. & Morgan, G. A. (2005). SPSS for intermediate statistics: Use and interpretation. Second Edition, Taylor & Francis.
Liu, S., Yang, L., Zhang, C., Xiang, Y. T., Liu, Z., Hu, S., & Zhang, B. (2020). Online mental health services in China during the COVID-19 outbreak. Lancet Psychiatry, 7(4), e17-e18. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30077-8
Lum, L. H. W., & Tambyah, P. A. (2020). Outbreak of COVID-19 - An urgent need for good science to silence our fears?. Singapore Medical Association, 61(2), 55-57. https://doi.org/10.11622/smedj.2020018
Martínez-Lorca, M., Martínez-Lorca, A., Criado-Álvarez, J. J., Armesilla, M. D. C., & Latorre, J. M. (2020). The fear of COVID-19 scale: Validation in Spanish university students. Psychiatry Research, 293, 113350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113350
McLaurin-Jiang, S., Garner, C. D., Krutsch, K., & Hale, T. W. (2021). Maternal and child symptoms following COVID-19 Vaccination Among Breastfeeding Mothers. Breastfeeding Medicine, 16(9), 702-709. https://doi.org/10.1089/bfm.2021.0079
Milligan-Saville, J. S., & Graham, B. M. (2016). Mothers do it differently: Reproductive experience alters fear extinction in female rats and women. Translational psychiatry, 6(10), e928. https://doi.org/10.1038/tp.2016.193
Nanishi, K., Green, J., Taguri, M., & Jimba, M. (2015). Determining a cut-off point for scores of the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form: Secondary data analysis of an ıntervention study in Japan. PLoS One, 10(6), e0129698. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0129698
Piltch-Loeb, R., & Abramson, D. (2020). Information-accessing behavior during Zika Virus outbreak, United States, 2016. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 26(9), 2290-2292. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2609.191519
Reznik, A., Gritsenko, V., Konstantinov, V., Khamenka, N., & Isralowitz, R. (2021). COVID-19 fear in Eastern Europe: Validation of the fear of COVID-19 scale. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 19(5), 1903-1908. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00283-3
Salehi, L., Rahimzadeh, M., Molaei, E., Zaheri, H., Esmaelzadeh-Saeieh, S. (2020). The relationship among fear and anxiety of COVID-19, pregnancy experience, and mental health disorder in pregnant women: A structural equation model. Brain and Behavior, 10(11), e01835. https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.1835.
Schaal, N. K., Zöllkau, J., Hepp, P., Fehm, T., & Hagenbeck, C. (2021). Pregnant and breastfeeding women’s attitudes and fears regarding the COVID‑19 vaccination. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-021-06297-z.
Şahin-Uysal, N., Tuğrul-Ersak, D., Azami, A., Alıyeva, K., Duran, E., & Esin, S. (2021). Has COVID-19 pandemic period affected mothers’ breastfeeding self-efficacy perceptions?. Health and Society, 31(3), 77-84. https://ssyv.org.tr/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/8-COVID-19-Pandemi-Sureci-Annelerin-Emzirme-Oz-Yeterlilik-Algilarini-Etkiledi-mi.pdf
Tang, S., & Graham, B. M. (2020). The role of hormonal and reproductive status in the treatment of anxiety disorders in women. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 1191, 523-541. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9705-0_26.
Taylor, S., Landry, C. A., Paluszek, M. M., Fergus, T. A., Mckay, D., & Asmundson, G. J. G. (2020). Development and initial validation of the COVID stress scales. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 72, 102232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102232.
Wang, C., Pan, R., Wan, X., Tan, Y., Xu, L., Ho, C. S., & Ho, R. C. (2020). Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic among the general population in China. International Journal Environment Research and Public Health, 17: 1729-1754. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051729.
World Health Organization (WHO). (2020a). Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). https://www.who.int/health-topics/coronavirus#tab=tab_1 Date of Access: 7.7.2020.
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Details

Primary Language	English
Subjects	Health Care Administration
Journal Section	Research Articles
Authors	Ayşegül Kılıçlı 0000-0003-1105-9991 Emine Beyaz 0000-0002-1122-2317
Project Number	YOKTUR
Early Pub Date	December 27, 2023
Publication Date	December 27, 2023
Submission Date	October 23, 2022
Published in Issue	Year 2023 Volume: 3 Issue: 3

Cite

APA	Kılıçlı, A., & Beyaz, E. (2023). FEAR, AVOIDANCE ATTITUDES AND VACCINATION TOWARDS COVID-19 AND BREASTFEEDING SELF-EFFICACY OF MOTHERS WITH 0-6 MONTHS-OLD BABIES IN RURAL AREA. Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 3(3), 48-60.

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