Research Article
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Determination The Critical Thinking and Empathy Disposition of Nursing Students

Year 2015, Volume: 1 Issue: 3, 1 - 8, 30.12.2015
https://doi.org/10.19127/mbsjohs.27159

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the factors affecting critical thinking and empathic disposition of nursing students and the relationships between the empathy and critical thinking disposition in nursing education.

Methods: The study was carried out on undergraduate students at nursing school during 2011-2012 academic years. The sample consisted of 276 students who had agreed to participate in the research, 30.7% of them were the first year students (freshman),  27.4 % were the second year students (sophomore), 20.2% were the third year students (junior) and 20.9% were the fourth year students (senior) of nursing program.  California Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory (CCTDI) designed by Kökdemir and Empathic Tendency Scale invented by Dökmen were used to assess the research data. Furthermore, an “Individual Information Form” questioning the grades, genders and parental education levels of the nursing students was prepared and applied by the researcher.

Results: The mean score for the Empathic Tendency Scale was 53.25±6.57, the mean score for the Critical Thinking Disposition Scale was 209.95±25.26.  Correlation analysis revealed significant relationships between the students' scores of Empathic Tendency Scale and total score of Critical Thinking Disposition Scale (r=0.186 p<0.05). Significant differences were observed in total scores for the Critical Thinking Disposition Scale, Empathic Tendency Scale and Analytical Thinking Sub-scale of student groups (p<0.01). The differences were especially distinctive in fourth year students of nursing program. However, there was no relationship between the nursing students’ critical thinking disposition sub-scales and empathic tendencies (p>0.05). It was detected that nursing students’ critical thinking ability was not affected by their genders and parental education levels.

Conclusion: A significant relationship was observed between the Empathic Tendency and general Critical Thinking Disposition and Analytical Thinking skills. The differences were also observed between the class levels in terms of Empathic Tendency and Critical Thinking Disposition and it was also observed that nursing students’ critical thinking disposition scores were considerably low. These findings suggest that these skills can be enhanced with education. Current findings revealed that emphasis should be placed on practical works to develop students’ ability of empathy and critical thinking disposition in class levels.

References

  • Adams MH, Stover LM, Whitlow JF. A longitudinal evaluation of baccalaureate nursing students’ critical thinking abilities. Journal of Nursing Education 1999; 38:139-141.
  • Akgöz S, Karavuş M. "Canakkale Province Health Centers and Evaluation the Empathic Communication Skills of midwives working in the health house”, Turkey Legal History Journal of Medical Ethics 2005; 13: 14-19.
  • Ançel G. Developing empaty in nurses: an inservice training program. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing 2006; 20: 249-257.
  • Avcı D, Aydın D, Özbaşaran F. Empathy-Altruism relations in nursing students and some of the variables to be examined in terms of altruistic behavior. Balıkesir Journal of Health Sciences 2013; 2:108-113.
  • Banning M.Measures that can be used to teach critical thinking skills in nurse prescribers. Nurse Education in Practice 2006; 6(2):98-105.
  • Birol L. Nursing Process, İzmir: Etki Publishing 2004.
  • Brooks KL, Shepherd JM. The relationship between clinical decision making skills in nursing and general critical thinking abilities of senior nursing students in four types of nursing programs. Journal of Nursing Education 1990; 29:391-399.
  • -
  • Bulut S, Ertem G, Sevil Ü. Investigation of Critical Thinking Level of Nursing Students. Dokuz Eylül Journal of Nursing School 2009; 2:27-38.
  • Carter A, Creedy D, Sidebotham M. Evaluation of tools used to measure critical thinking development in nursing and midwifery undergraduate students: A systematic review. Nurse Education Today 2015; 35:864–874.
  • Dil S, Öz F. Factors affecting critical thinking skills of nursing department and nutrition and dietetics students. Zonguldak Journal of Nursing School 2005; 1.
  • Dil S, Coşkun S. Critical thinking levels school of nursing students of Hacettepe University. Ankara: Hacettepe University Health Sciences Institute. 2001.
  • Dirimeşe E. Investigation The Critical Thinking Dispositions of Nursing Students and Nurses. İzmir: Dokuz Eylül University Health Sciences Institute. 2006.
  • Dizer B, İyigün E. Empathic levels and trends affecting factors in intensive care nurses. Atatürk University Journal of Nursing School 2009; 12: 1.
  • Dökmen Ü. Empathy is based on a new model to measure and improve the psychodrama Journal of Ankara University Faculty of Educational Sciences 1998; 2(1-2); 155-190.
  • Duru E. Thinking styles relations with helping behaviour tendency, empathy and examining some of these variables in terms of psychosocial variables in people-state approach in teacher candidates. İzmir: Dokuz Eylül University Education Sciences Institute. 2002.
  • Ellermann CR, Kataoka-Yahiro MR, Wong LC. Logic models used to enhance critical thinking. Journal of Nursing Education 2006; 45:221-227.
  • Emir S. Disposition of education faculty students’ critical thinking disposition. Hasan Ali Yücel Journal of Education Faculty 2012; 17: 34-57.
  • Facione PA. Critical Thinking: Statement of expert consensus for purposes of educational assessment and instruction, Executive Summary: “The Delphi Report”. The Californian Academic Press 1990. (Available from http://assessment.aas.duke. edu/documents/Delphi_Report.pdf)
  • Fisher R. Teaching Children To Think UK, Stanley Thrones (Publishers). Ltd.1995.
  • Hodges SA. An Experiment in The development of empathy in students nurses. Journal of Advanced Nursing 1991; 33:1296-1300.
  • Ip WY, Lee D, Lee I, Chau JPC, Wootto YSY, Chang AM. Disposition towards critical thinking: a study of chinese undergraduate
  • nursing students. Journal of Advanced Nursing 2000; 32:84-90.
  • Kanbay Y, Işık E, Aslan Ö. Determining the relationship between the critical thinking
  • Critical Thinking and Empathic Disposition of Nursing Students
  • dispositions and academic achievements of nursing students. Journal of Psychiatric Nursing 2011; 2:123-127.
  • Kang YS, Choi SY, Ryu E. The effectiveness of a stress coping program based on mindfulness medi¬tation on the stress, anxiety, and depression experienced by nursing students in Korea. Nurse Education Today 2009; 29:538-543.
  • Kataoka-Yahiro M, Saylor C. A critical thinking model for nursing judgment. Journal of Nursing Education 1994; 33:351–356.
  • Kawashima A, Petrini MA. Study of critical thinking skills in nursing students and nurses in japan. Nurse Education Today 2004; 24:280-292.
  • Kaya H. Critical thinking ability in university students. İstanbul: İstanbul University Health Sciences Institute. 1997.
  • Kökdemir D. Decision making under uncertainty and problem solving. Department of Social Psychology Doctoral Thesis, 2003. Ankara University Institute of Social Sciences. İnternet Erişim:http://www.kokdemir.info/academic/phd.htm,
  • Mete S, Gerçek E. Investigation the empathic skills and dispositions of nursing students studying the PBL method. Cumhuriyet University Journal of School of Nursing 2005; 9: 11-17.
  • Money M. Professional socialization: The key to survival as a newly qualified nurse. International Journal of Nursing Practice 2007; 13:75-80.
  • Öz F. Empathic tendencies of the final year nursing students, the relationship between empathic skills and academic achievement. Cumhuriyet University Journal of School of Nursing 1998; 2: 32-38.
  • Öztürk N, & Ulusoy H. Undergraduate and graduate nursing students' critical thinking and the factors affecting the level of critical thinking. Maltepe University School of Nursing Science and Art Journal 2008;1(1), 15-25.
  • Perry A, Potter P. Fundamentals of Nursing: Concepts Process and Practice. 4th Ed. USA: Mosby. 1997.
  • Potter PA, Perry AG. Basic Nursing: Essentials For Practice. 5th Ed., St. Louis: Mosby. 2003.
  • Profetto- Mc Grath J. The relationship of critical thinking skills and critical thinking dispositions of baccalaureate nursing students. Journal of Advanced Nursing 2003; 43:569- 577.
  • Riddell T. Critical assumptions; thinking critically about critical thinking. Journal of Nursing Education 2007; 46:121-127.
  • Senita J. The use of concept maps to evaluate critical thinking in the clinical setting. Teaching and Learning in Nursing 2008; 3:6-10.
  • Shin KR. Critical thinking ability and clinical decision-making skills among senior nursing students in associate and baccalaureate programmers in Korea. Journal of Advanced Nursing 1998; 27:414-421.
  • Shin KR, Lee JH, Ha JY, Kim KH. Critical thinking dispositions in baccalaureate nursing students. Journal of Advanced Nursing 2006; 56:182-189.
  • Stewart S, Dempsey LF. A longitudinal study of baccalaureate nursing students’ critical thinking dispositions. journal of nursing education 2005; 44:81-84.
  • Suliman WA, Halabi J. Critical thinking, self-esteem and state anxiety of nursing students. Nurse Education Today 2007; 27:162-168.
  • Sulliman WA. Critical thinking and learning styles of students in conventional and accelerated. İnternational Nursing Reviews 2006; 53:73-79.
  • Tutuk A, Al D, Doğan S. Determination of the nursing students communication skills and empathy. Republic University Journal of School of Nursing 2002; 6.
  • Walsh CM, Hardy NC. Dispositional differences in critical thinking related to gender and academic major. J Nurs Educ 1999; 38: 149-55.
Year 2015, Volume: 1 Issue: 3, 1 - 8, 30.12.2015
https://doi.org/10.19127/mbsjohs.27159

Abstract

References

  • Adams MH, Stover LM, Whitlow JF. A longitudinal evaluation of baccalaureate nursing students’ critical thinking abilities. Journal of Nursing Education 1999; 38:139-141.
  • Akgöz S, Karavuş M. "Canakkale Province Health Centers and Evaluation the Empathic Communication Skills of midwives working in the health house”, Turkey Legal History Journal of Medical Ethics 2005; 13: 14-19.
  • Ançel G. Developing empaty in nurses: an inservice training program. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing 2006; 20: 249-257.
  • Avcı D, Aydın D, Özbaşaran F. Empathy-Altruism relations in nursing students and some of the variables to be examined in terms of altruistic behavior. Balıkesir Journal of Health Sciences 2013; 2:108-113.
  • Banning M.Measures that can be used to teach critical thinking skills in nurse prescribers. Nurse Education in Practice 2006; 6(2):98-105.
  • Birol L. Nursing Process, İzmir: Etki Publishing 2004.
  • Brooks KL, Shepherd JM. The relationship between clinical decision making skills in nursing and general critical thinking abilities of senior nursing students in four types of nursing programs. Journal of Nursing Education 1990; 29:391-399.
  • -
  • Bulut S, Ertem G, Sevil Ü. Investigation of Critical Thinking Level of Nursing Students. Dokuz Eylül Journal of Nursing School 2009; 2:27-38.
  • Carter A, Creedy D, Sidebotham M. Evaluation of tools used to measure critical thinking development in nursing and midwifery undergraduate students: A systematic review. Nurse Education Today 2015; 35:864–874.
  • Dil S, Öz F. Factors affecting critical thinking skills of nursing department and nutrition and dietetics students. Zonguldak Journal of Nursing School 2005; 1.
  • Dil S, Coşkun S. Critical thinking levels school of nursing students of Hacettepe University. Ankara: Hacettepe University Health Sciences Institute. 2001.
  • Dirimeşe E. Investigation The Critical Thinking Dispositions of Nursing Students and Nurses. İzmir: Dokuz Eylül University Health Sciences Institute. 2006.
  • Dizer B, İyigün E. Empathic levels and trends affecting factors in intensive care nurses. Atatürk University Journal of Nursing School 2009; 12: 1.
  • Dökmen Ü. Empathy is based on a new model to measure and improve the psychodrama Journal of Ankara University Faculty of Educational Sciences 1998; 2(1-2); 155-190.
  • Duru E. Thinking styles relations with helping behaviour tendency, empathy and examining some of these variables in terms of psychosocial variables in people-state approach in teacher candidates. İzmir: Dokuz Eylül University Education Sciences Institute. 2002.
  • Ellermann CR, Kataoka-Yahiro MR, Wong LC. Logic models used to enhance critical thinking. Journal of Nursing Education 2006; 45:221-227.
  • Emir S. Disposition of education faculty students’ critical thinking disposition. Hasan Ali Yücel Journal of Education Faculty 2012; 17: 34-57.
  • Facione PA. Critical Thinking: Statement of expert consensus for purposes of educational assessment and instruction, Executive Summary: “The Delphi Report”. The Californian Academic Press 1990. (Available from http://assessment.aas.duke. edu/documents/Delphi_Report.pdf)
  • Fisher R. Teaching Children To Think UK, Stanley Thrones (Publishers). Ltd.1995.
  • Hodges SA. An Experiment in The development of empathy in students nurses. Journal of Advanced Nursing 1991; 33:1296-1300.
  • Ip WY, Lee D, Lee I, Chau JPC, Wootto YSY, Chang AM. Disposition towards critical thinking: a study of chinese undergraduate
  • nursing students. Journal of Advanced Nursing 2000; 32:84-90.
  • Kanbay Y, Işık E, Aslan Ö. Determining the relationship between the critical thinking
  • Critical Thinking and Empathic Disposition of Nursing Students
  • dispositions and academic achievements of nursing students. Journal of Psychiatric Nursing 2011; 2:123-127.
  • Kang YS, Choi SY, Ryu E. The effectiveness of a stress coping program based on mindfulness medi¬tation on the stress, anxiety, and depression experienced by nursing students in Korea. Nurse Education Today 2009; 29:538-543.
  • Kataoka-Yahiro M, Saylor C. A critical thinking model for nursing judgment. Journal of Nursing Education 1994; 33:351–356.
  • Kawashima A, Petrini MA. Study of critical thinking skills in nursing students and nurses in japan. Nurse Education Today 2004; 24:280-292.
  • Kaya H. Critical thinking ability in university students. İstanbul: İstanbul University Health Sciences Institute. 1997.
  • Kökdemir D. Decision making under uncertainty and problem solving. Department of Social Psychology Doctoral Thesis, 2003. Ankara University Institute of Social Sciences. İnternet Erişim:http://www.kokdemir.info/academic/phd.htm,
  • Mete S, Gerçek E. Investigation the empathic skills and dispositions of nursing students studying the PBL method. Cumhuriyet University Journal of School of Nursing 2005; 9: 11-17.
  • Money M. Professional socialization: The key to survival as a newly qualified nurse. International Journal of Nursing Practice 2007; 13:75-80.
  • Öz F. Empathic tendencies of the final year nursing students, the relationship between empathic skills and academic achievement. Cumhuriyet University Journal of School of Nursing 1998; 2: 32-38.
  • Öztürk N, & Ulusoy H. Undergraduate and graduate nursing students' critical thinking and the factors affecting the level of critical thinking. Maltepe University School of Nursing Science and Art Journal 2008;1(1), 15-25.
  • Perry A, Potter P. Fundamentals of Nursing: Concepts Process and Practice. 4th Ed. USA: Mosby. 1997.
  • Potter PA, Perry AG. Basic Nursing: Essentials For Practice. 5th Ed., St. Louis: Mosby. 2003.
  • Profetto- Mc Grath J. The relationship of critical thinking skills and critical thinking dispositions of baccalaureate nursing students. Journal of Advanced Nursing 2003; 43:569- 577.
  • Riddell T. Critical assumptions; thinking critically about critical thinking. Journal of Nursing Education 2007; 46:121-127.
  • Senita J. The use of concept maps to evaluate critical thinking in the clinical setting. Teaching and Learning in Nursing 2008; 3:6-10.
  • Shin KR. Critical thinking ability and clinical decision-making skills among senior nursing students in associate and baccalaureate programmers in Korea. Journal of Advanced Nursing 1998; 27:414-421.
  • Shin KR, Lee JH, Ha JY, Kim KH. Critical thinking dispositions in baccalaureate nursing students. Journal of Advanced Nursing 2006; 56:182-189.
  • Stewart S, Dempsey LF. A longitudinal study of baccalaureate nursing students’ critical thinking dispositions. journal of nursing education 2005; 44:81-84.
  • Suliman WA, Halabi J. Critical thinking, self-esteem and state anxiety of nursing students. Nurse Education Today 2007; 27:162-168.
  • Sulliman WA. Critical thinking and learning styles of students in conventional and accelerated. İnternational Nursing Reviews 2006; 53:73-79.
  • Tutuk A, Al D, Doğan S. Determination of the nursing students communication skills and empathy. Republic University Journal of School of Nursing 2002; 6.
  • Walsh CM, Hardy NC. Dispositional differences in critical thinking related to gender and academic major. J Nurs Educ 1999; 38: 149-55.
There are 47 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Research articles
Authors

Nevin Günaydın

Gül Ünsal Barlas This is me

Publication Date December 30, 2015
Published in Issue Year 2015 Volume: 1 Issue: 3

Cite

Vancouver Günaydın N, Ünsal Barlas G. Determination The Critical Thinking and Empathy Disposition of Nursing Students. Mid Blac Sea J Health Sci. 2015;1(3):1-8.

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