Abstract
Aim: The well-being of healthcare workers is a critical indicator in the provision of high-quality care. Although researchers have stressed the importance of social interactions and social support, scarce data exist about their effects on healthcare workers’ well-being. In this study, we aim to advance the research on the relationships between social network diversity (SND), social support, and thriving.
Methods: In a cross-sectional design, an anonymous online link was shared among healthcare workers in a university hospital. The survey included questions on demographics, medical diseases, items from the social network index, the multidimensional perceived social support scale, and the brief and comprehensive inventories of thriving scales.
Results: A total of 103 individuals participated in the study (median age, min-max=33 (18-57); male/female = 33/70). Men and women did not differ in SND, perceived social support, or thriving scores. The brief inventory of thriving demonstrated healthcare workers older than 38 years exhibited higher scores in thriving compared to those younger than 27 years (p=0.001). According to comprehensive inventory of thriving, belonging (p=0.032), skills (p=0.006), self-worth (p=0.048), meaning and purpose (p<0.001), optimism (p=0.009), life-satisfaction (p=0.012), and positive emotions (p=0.042) differed by age groups. SND (r=.56, p<0.001) and perceived social support (r=.53, p<0.001) were positively correlated with thriving. After adjusting for potential confounders, SND, perceived social support, and age accounted for 46% of the total effects on thriving.
Conclusion: This study expands on the literature and provides evidence that by increasing the diversity of social networks and improving the quality and functionality of social support, a significant and positive impact on HCWs’ well-being may be achieved.
Keywords
social networks psychological wellbeing healthcare workers social support eudaimonism thriving
Supporting Institution
The authors declared that this study has received no financial support.
Project Number
-
Thanks
No acknowledgments.
References
- 1. Cohen S, Janicki-Deverts D. Can We Improve Our Physical Health by Altering Our Social Networks? Perspect Psychol Sci. 2009;4(4):375-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1745-6924.2009.01141.x
- 2. Cohen S, Doyle WJ, Skoner DP, Rabin BS, Gwaltney JM. Social ties and susceptibility to the common cold. JAMA. 1997;277(24):1940-4. doi: 10.1001/jama.1997.03540480040036
- 3. Kauppi M, Kawachi I, Batty GD, Oksanen T, Elovainio M, Pentti J, et al. Characteristics of social networks and mortality risk: Evidence from 2 prospective cohort studies. Am J Epidemiol. 2018;187(4):746-53. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwx301
- 4. Bickart KC, Wright CI, Dautoff RJ, Dickerson BC, Barrett LF. Amygdala volume and social network size in humans. Nat Neurosci. 2011;14(2):163-4. doi: 10.1038/nn.2724
- 5. Molesworth T, Sheu LK, Cohen S, Gianaros PJ, Verstynen TD. Social network diversity and white matter microstructural integrity in humans. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci. 2015;10(9):1169-76. doi: 10.1093/scan/nsv001
- 6. Antonucci TC. Social relations: An examination of social networks, social support, and sense of control: Academic Press; 2001.
- 7. Ferguson B, Huecker M. Wellness Review 2020, Part 2. Journal of Wellness. 2021;3(1):4. doi: 10.18297/jwellness/vol3/iss1/4
- 8. Ryff CD. Psychological Well-Being Revisited: Advances in the Science and Practice of Eudaimonia. Psychother Psychosom. 2014;83(1):10-28. doi:10.1159/000353263
- 9. Su R, Tay L, Diener E. The development and validation of the Comprehensive Inventory of Thriving (CIT) and the Brief Inventory of Thriving (BIT). Appl Psychol Health Well Being. 2014;6(3):251-79. doi: 10.1111/apw.12027.
- 10. Arslan G. Psychological well-being in college students: Psychometric properties of the Brief Inventory of Thriving (BIT) and the Comprehensive Inventory of Thriving (CIT). Journal of School and Educational Psychology. 2021;1(1):6-16. doi: 10.47602/josep.v1i1.6
- 11. Wiese CW, Tay L, Su R, Diener E. Measuring thriving across nations: Examining the measurement equivalence of the Comprehensive Inventory of Thriving (CIT) and the Brief Inventory of Thriving (BIT). Appl Psychol Health Well Being. 2018;10(1):127-48. doi: 10.1111/aphw.12119.
- 12. Wallace JE, Lemaire JB, Ghali WA. Physician wellness: a missing quality indicator. The Lancet. 2009;374(9702):1714-21. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61424-0
- 13. der Kinderen S, Valk A, Khapova SN, Tims M. Facilitating eudaimonic well-being in mental health care organizations: The role of servant leadership and workplace civility climate. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(4):1173. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17041173
- 14. Weilenmann S, Schnyder U, Keller N, Corda C, Spiller TR, Brugger F, et al. Self-worth and bonding emotions are related to well-being in health-care providers: a cross-sectional study. BMC Med Educ. 2021;21(1):1-10. doi: 10.1186/s12909-021-02731-7
- 15. Kossek EE, Pichler S, Bodner T, Hammer LB. Workplace social support and work-family conflict: a meta-analysis clarifying the influence of general and work-family-specific supervisor and organizational support. Personnel Psychology. 2011;64(2):289-313. doi: 10.1111/j.1744-6570.2011.01211.x
- 16. Eker D, Arkar H, Yaldız H. Factorial structure, validity, and reliability of revised form of the multidimensional scale of perceived social support. Turk Psikiyatri Derg. 2001;12(1):17-25. doi: 10.30621/jbachs.2019.469
- 17. Sorgente A, Zambelli M, Tagliabue S, Lanz M. The comprehensive inventory of thriving: a systematic review of published validation studies and a replication study. Current Psychology. 2021. doi: 10.1007/s12144-021-02065-z
- 18. Rafnsson SB, Shankar A, Steptoe A. Longitudinal influences of social network characteristics on subjective well-being of older adults: findings from the ELSA study. J Aging Health. 2015;27(5):919-34. doi: 10.1177/0898264315572111
- 19. Fiori KL, Antonucci TC, Cortina KS. Social network typologies and mental health among older adults. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2006;61(1):25-32. doi: 10.1093/geronb/61.1.p25
- 20. Hanson JL, Nacewicz BM, Sutterer MJ, Cayo AA, Schaefer SM, Rudolph KD, et al. Behavioral problems after early life stress: contributions of the hippocampus and amygdala. Biol Psychiatry. 2015;77(4):314-23. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.04.020
- 21. De Pisapia N, Serra M, Rigo P, Jager J, Papinutto N, Esposito G, et al. Interpersonal Competence in Young Adulthood and Right Laterality in White Matter. J Cogn Neurosci. 2014;26(6):1257-65. doi: 10.1162/jocn_a_00534
- 22. Cohen S, Wills TA. Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis. Psychol Bull. 1985;98(2):310. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.98.2.310
- 23. Duan W, Fei Y, Zhao J, Guo X. Incremental validity of the comprehensive inventory of thriving in predicting self-reporting mental and physical health among community populations. J Health Psychol. 2020;25(10-11):1366-73. doi:10.1177/1359105318755265
- 24. Adair KC, Kennedy LA, Sexton JB. Three good tools: positively reflecting backwards and forwards is associated with robust improvements in well-being across three distinct interventions. The Journal of Positive Psychology. 2020;15(5):613-22. doi: 10.1080/17439760.2020.1789707
- 25. Rehder K, Adair KC, Sexton JB. The science of health care worker burnout: Assessing and improving health care worker well-being. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2021;145(9):1095-109. doi: 10.5858/arpa.2020-0557-RA
Abstract
Amaç: Sağlık çalışanlarının refahı, verilen sağlık hizmetinin yüksek nitelikli olmasını sağlayan çok önemli bir göstergedir. Araştırmacılar sosyal etkileşimlerin ve sosyal desteğin önemini vurgulamıştır ancak, bu etkenlerin sağlık çalışanlarının refahına etkisini araştıran çalışmalar kısıtlı kalmıştır. Bu çalışmada sosyal ağ çeşitliliği, sosyal destek ve sağlık çalışanlarının gelişimi arasındaki ilişkiyle ilgili araştırmaları bir ileriye taşımayı amaçladık.
Yöntemler: Kesitsel bir tasarımda, bir üniversite hastanesindeki sağlık çalışanları arasında anonim çevrimiçi bir bağlantı paylaşıldı. Anket demografik özellikler ve tıbbi hastalıklarla ilgili sorular ve sosyal ağ göstergesi, çok boyutlu algılanan sosyal destek ölçeği, kısa ve kapsamlı gelişim envanterlerine ait maddeleri kapsamaktaydı.
Bulgular: Çalışmaya toplam 103 kişi katıldı (ortanca, en düşük-en yüksekyaş = 33 (18-57) (erkek/kadın = 33/70). Erkeklerin ve kadınların sosyal ağ çeşitliliği, algılanan sosyal destek, ve gelişim puanları arasında anlamlı fark saptanmadı. Kısa gelişim envanterine göre 38 yaş üzerindeki sağlık çalışanları, 27 yaşından genç olanlara kıyasla daha yüksek gelişim puanları gösterdi (p=0.001). Kapsamlı gelişim envanterine göre aidiyet (p=0.032), beceriler (p=0.006), öz değer (p=0.048), anlam ve amaç (p<0.001), iyimserlik (p=0.009), yaşam doyumu (p=0.012) ve olumlu duygular (p=0.042) alt ölçekleri yaş grupları arasında farklılık gösterdi. Sosyal ağ çeşitliliği (r=.56, p<0.001) ve algılanan sosyal destek (r = .53, p<0.001) gelişimle pozitif yönde ilişkiliydi. Olası karıştırıcılar kontrol edildikten sonra, sosyal ağ çeşitliliği, algılanan sosyal destek ve yaş, gelişim üzerindeki toplam etkinin % 46' sını oluşturmaktaydı.
Sonuç: Çalışmamız sosyal ağ çeşitliliğini arttırarak ve alınan sosyal desteğin niteliğini ve işlevselliğini geliştirerek, sağlık çalışanlarının refahı üzerinde anlamlı ve olumlu bir etki yaratılabileceği bulgularıyla literatüre katkı sağlamaktadır.
Project Number
-
References
- 1. Cohen S, Janicki-Deverts D. Can We Improve Our Physical Health by Altering Our Social Networks? Perspect Psychol Sci. 2009;4(4):375-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1745-6924.2009.01141.x
- 2. Cohen S, Doyle WJ, Skoner DP, Rabin BS, Gwaltney JM. Social ties and susceptibility to the common cold. JAMA. 1997;277(24):1940-4. doi: 10.1001/jama.1997.03540480040036
- 3. Kauppi M, Kawachi I, Batty GD, Oksanen T, Elovainio M, Pentti J, et al. Characteristics of social networks and mortality risk: Evidence from 2 prospective cohort studies. Am J Epidemiol. 2018;187(4):746-53. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwx301
- 4. Bickart KC, Wright CI, Dautoff RJ, Dickerson BC, Barrett LF. Amygdala volume and social network size in humans. Nat Neurosci. 2011;14(2):163-4. doi: 10.1038/nn.2724
- 5. Molesworth T, Sheu LK, Cohen S, Gianaros PJ, Verstynen TD. Social network diversity and white matter microstructural integrity in humans. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci. 2015;10(9):1169-76. doi: 10.1093/scan/nsv001
- 6. Antonucci TC. Social relations: An examination of social networks, social support, and sense of control: Academic Press; 2001.
- 7. Ferguson B, Huecker M. Wellness Review 2020, Part 2. Journal of Wellness. 2021;3(1):4. doi: 10.18297/jwellness/vol3/iss1/4
- 8. Ryff CD. Psychological Well-Being Revisited: Advances in the Science and Practice of Eudaimonia. Psychother Psychosom. 2014;83(1):10-28. doi:10.1159/000353263
- 9. Su R, Tay L, Diener E. The development and validation of the Comprehensive Inventory of Thriving (CIT) and the Brief Inventory of Thriving (BIT). Appl Psychol Health Well Being. 2014;6(3):251-79. doi: 10.1111/apw.12027.
- 10. Arslan G. Psychological well-being in college students: Psychometric properties of the Brief Inventory of Thriving (BIT) and the Comprehensive Inventory of Thriving (CIT). Journal of School and Educational Psychology. 2021;1(1):6-16. doi: 10.47602/josep.v1i1.6
- 11. Wiese CW, Tay L, Su R, Diener E. Measuring thriving across nations: Examining the measurement equivalence of the Comprehensive Inventory of Thriving (CIT) and the Brief Inventory of Thriving (BIT). Appl Psychol Health Well Being. 2018;10(1):127-48. doi: 10.1111/aphw.12119.
- 12. Wallace JE, Lemaire JB, Ghali WA. Physician wellness: a missing quality indicator. The Lancet. 2009;374(9702):1714-21. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61424-0
- 13. der Kinderen S, Valk A, Khapova SN, Tims M. Facilitating eudaimonic well-being in mental health care organizations: The role of servant leadership and workplace civility climate. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(4):1173. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17041173
- 14. Weilenmann S, Schnyder U, Keller N, Corda C, Spiller TR, Brugger F, et al. Self-worth and bonding emotions are related to well-being in health-care providers: a cross-sectional study. BMC Med Educ. 2021;21(1):1-10. doi: 10.1186/s12909-021-02731-7
- 15. Kossek EE, Pichler S, Bodner T, Hammer LB. Workplace social support and work-family conflict: a meta-analysis clarifying the influence of general and work-family-specific supervisor and organizational support. Personnel Psychology. 2011;64(2):289-313. doi: 10.1111/j.1744-6570.2011.01211.x
- 16. Eker D, Arkar H, Yaldız H. Factorial structure, validity, and reliability of revised form of the multidimensional scale of perceived social support. Turk Psikiyatri Derg. 2001;12(1):17-25. doi: 10.30621/jbachs.2019.469
- 17. Sorgente A, Zambelli M, Tagliabue S, Lanz M. The comprehensive inventory of thriving: a systematic review of published validation studies and a replication study. Current Psychology. 2021. doi: 10.1007/s12144-021-02065-z
- 18. Rafnsson SB, Shankar A, Steptoe A. Longitudinal influences of social network characteristics on subjective well-being of older adults: findings from the ELSA study. J Aging Health. 2015;27(5):919-34. doi: 10.1177/0898264315572111
- 19. Fiori KL, Antonucci TC, Cortina KS. Social network typologies and mental health among older adults. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2006;61(1):25-32. doi: 10.1093/geronb/61.1.p25
- 20. Hanson JL, Nacewicz BM, Sutterer MJ, Cayo AA, Schaefer SM, Rudolph KD, et al. Behavioral problems after early life stress: contributions of the hippocampus and amygdala. Biol Psychiatry. 2015;77(4):314-23. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.04.020
- 21. De Pisapia N, Serra M, Rigo P, Jager J, Papinutto N, Esposito G, et al. Interpersonal Competence in Young Adulthood and Right Laterality in White Matter. J Cogn Neurosci. 2014;26(6):1257-65. doi: 10.1162/jocn_a_00534
- 22. Cohen S, Wills TA. Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis. Psychol Bull. 1985;98(2):310. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.98.2.310
- 23. Duan W, Fei Y, Zhao J, Guo X. Incremental validity of the comprehensive inventory of thriving in predicting self-reporting mental and physical health among community populations. J Health Psychol. 2020;25(10-11):1366-73. doi:10.1177/1359105318755265
- 24. Adair KC, Kennedy LA, Sexton JB. Three good tools: positively reflecting backwards and forwards is associated with robust improvements in well-being across three distinct interventions. The Journal of Positive Psychology. 2020;15(5):613-22. doi: 10.1080/17439760.2020.1789707
- 25. Rehder K, Adair KC, Sexton JB. The science of health care worker burnout: Assessing and improving health care worker well-being. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2021;145(9):1095-109. doi: 10.5858/arpa.2020-0557-RA
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Surgery, Clinical Sciences, Internal Diseases |
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors | |
| Project Number | - |
| Early Pub Date | August 20, 2022 |
| Publication Date | August 20, 2022 |
| Submission Date | February 19, 2022 |
| Acceptance Date | July 29, 2022 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2022 Volume: 6 Issue: 2 |
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