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Bombus Arısı Hastalık ve Parazitleri

Year 2016, Volume: 5 , 228 - 235, 04.04.2016
https://doi.org/10.17100/nevbiltek.211002

Abstract

Bombus arıları doğal ve tarımsal ekosistemlerdeki dünyanın en önemli tozlaştırıcıları olarak bilinmektedir. Bu nedenle, bazı bombus arısı türleri ticari olarak yetiştirilmekte ve bitkisel üretimde tozlaşma amacıyla yoğun olarak kullanılmaktadır. Ancak, son yıllarda doğal bombus arısı populasyonları ve tür çeşitliliği bütün dünyada azalmaktadır. Habitat parçalanması, pestisit kullanımı ve yanlış tarımsal uygulamalar bu azalış ve yok oluşların önemli sebepleri arasında sayılırken, özellikle parazit ve patojenlerin önemli miktarda koloni kayıplarına yol açtığı belirlenmiştir. Ticari ve doğal bombus kolonileri çok sayıda iç ve dış parazitler, protozoa, virüs, bakteri ve nematod gibi hastalık yapan organizmalara maruz kalmaktadır. En sık bildirilen bombus arısı patojenleri Nosema bombi, Crithidia bombi, Apicystis bombi mikrosporları bir trake akarı olan Locustacarus buchneri ve Sphaerularia bombi nematodudur. Genellikle bu parazitler koloni kurma, ömür uzunluğu, hayatta kalma ve üreme-gelişme üzerine olumsuz etkilere sahiptirler. Bu yüzden, bombus arısı hastalık ve parazitleri hakkında yeterli bilgi sahibi olunması ve doğru bir şekilde tanımlanması çok önemlidir. Böylece hem hastalıkların yayılması önlenebilecek hem de kolonilerin sağlıklı gelişimi ve tozlaşma etkinliği arttırılacaktır. Bu derlemede, bombus arılarında en yaygın görülen hastalıklar, yayılma yolları ve hastalığa sebep olan parazitler hakkında bilgiler özetlenmiştir.

References

  • Michener C. D., “The Bees of the World” The Johns Hopkins University Press, pp. 913, Baltimore and London, 2000
  • Wildmer A., Hempel P. S., Estoup A., Scholl A., “Population genetic structure and colonization history of Bombus terrestris (Hymenoptera: Apidae) from the Canary Islands and Madeira” Heredity, 81, 563-572, 1998
  • Goka K., Okabe K., Yoneda M., Niwa, S., “Bumblebee commercialization will cause worldwide migration of parasitic mites” Molecular Ecology, 10, 2095-2099, 2001
  • Hingston A. B., Smedley J. M., Driscol D. A., Corbett S., “Extent of Invasion of Tasmanian Native Vegatation by the Exotic Bumblebee Bombus terrestris (Apoidea: Apidae)” Australian Ecology, 27, 162–172, 2002
  • Velthuis H. H. W., Doorn A., “A century of advances in bumblebee domestication and the economic and environmental aspects of its commercialization for pollination” Apidologie, 37, 421-451, 2006
  • MacFarlane R. P., Lipa J. J., Liu H. J., “Bumble bee pathogens and internal enemies” Bee World, 76(3), 130–148, 1995
  • Eldeniz N., “Ege ve Akdeniz Kıyı şeridinde doğal olarak kışlayan Bombus (Bombus terrestris L.) ana arılarında bazı hastalık ve parazitlerinin tanısı ve enfeksiyon oranlarının saptanması” Çukurova Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans tezi, 43s, Adana, 2000
  • Shykoff J. A., Schmid-Hempel P., “Genetic relatedness and eusociality: parasite-mediated selection on the genetic composition of groups” Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 28, 371– 376, 1991
  • Fantham H. B., Porter A., “The morphology, biology and economic importance of Nosema bombi, parasitic in various bumble bees (Bombus spp.)” Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 8, 623–638, 1914
  • Tay W. T., O’Mahony E. M., Paxton R. J. “Complete rRNA gene sequences reveal that the microsporidium Nosema bombi infects diverse bumblebee (Bombus spp.) hosts and contains multiple polymorphic sites” Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology, 52, 505- 513, 2005
  • Larsson J. I. R. “Cytological variation and pathogenicity of the bumble bee parasite Nosema bombi (Microspora, Nosematidae)” Journal of İnvertebrate Pathology, 94, 1-11, 2007
  • Shykoff J. A., Schmid-Hempel P., “Incidence and effects of parasites in natural populations of bumble bees in Switzerland” Apidologie, 22, 117-125, 1991
  • Van der Steen J. J. M., “Infection and transmission of Nosema bombi in Bombus terrestris colonies and its effect on hibernation, mating and colony founding” Apidologie, 39, 273-282, 2008
  • Rutrecht S. T., Brown M. J. F., “Within colony dynamics of Nosema bombi infections: disease establishment, epidemiology and potential vertical transmission” Apidologie, 39, 504-514, 2008
  • Eijnde J., Vette N., ”Nosema infection in honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) and bumblebees (Bombus terrestris L.)” Proceedings of the section experimental and Applied Entomology of the Netherlands Entomological Society, 4, 205-208, 1993
  • Schmid-Hempel P., Loosli R., “A contribution to the knowledge of Nosema infections in bumble bees, Bombus spp” Apidologie, 29, 525–535, 1998
  • Rutrecht S. T., Klee J., Brown M. J. F., “Horizontal transmission of Nosema bombi to its adult bee hosts: effect of dosage, spore source and host age” Parasitology, 134: 1719-1726, 2007
  • Fisher R. M., Pomeroy N., “Incipient colony manipulation, Nosema incidence and colony productivity of the bumble bee Bombus terrestris (Hymenoptera: Apidae)” Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 62(4), 581-589, 1989
  • Fries I., Camazine S., “Implications of horizontal and vertical pathogen transmission for honey bee epidemiology” Apidologie, 32, 199-214, 2001
  • Otti O., Schmid-Hempel P., “Nosema bombi: a pollinator parasite with detrimental fitness effects” Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 96, 118-124, 2007
  • Lipa J. J., Triggiani O., “Chrithidia bombi sp.n., a flagellata parasite of a bumble-bee (Bombus terrestris L.) (Hymenoptera; Apidae)” Acta Protozoologica, 27(3/4), 287-290, 1980
  • Schmid-Hempel P., “Parasites in social insects” Princeton University Press, Princeton, 1998
  • Schmid-Hempel P., “On the evolutionary ecology of host-parasite interactions: adressing the question with regard to bumblebees and their parasites” Naturwissenschaften, 88, 147-158, 2001
  • Imhoof B., Schmid-Hempel P., “Colony success of Bombus terrestris and microparasitic infections in the field” Insectes Sociaux, 46, 223–238, 1998
  • Schmid-Hempel P., Schmid-Hempel R., “Transmission of a pathogen in Bombus terrestris, with a note on division of labour in social insects” Behavioral Ecology Sociobiology, 33, 319–327, 1993
  • Brown M. J. F., Schmid-Hempel R., Schmid-Hempel P., “Strong context-dependent virulence in a host parasite system: reconciling genetic evidence with theory” Journal of Animal Ecology, 72, 994-1002, 2003
  • Schmid-Hempel P., Durrer S., “Parasites, floral resources and reproduction in natural populations of bumblebees” Oikos, 62, 342–350, 1991
  • Gegear R. J., Otterstatter M. C., Thomson J. D., “Does parasitic infection impair the ability of bumblebees to learn flowerhandling techniques?” Animal Behaviour, 70, 209-215, 2005
  • Gegear R. J., Otterstatter M. C., Thomson J. D., “Bumblebee foragers infected by a gut parasite have an impaired ability to utilize floral information.” Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 273, 1073–1078, 2006
  • Brown, M., Loosli R., Schmid-Hempel P., “Condition-dependent expression of virulence in a trypanosome infecting bumblebees” Oikos, 91: 421–427, 2000
  • Dutchateau M. J., Velthuis H. H., “Development and reproductive strategies in Bombus terrestris colonies” Behaviour, 107(3/4), 186-207, 1988
  • Lui H. J., Macfarlane R. P., Pengelly D. H., “Mattesia bombi n. sp. (Neogregarinida: Ophrocystidae); a parasite of Bombus (Hymenoptera: Apidae)” Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 23, 225-231, 1974
  • Lipa J. J., Triggiani O., “A newly recorded Neogregarine (Protozoa, Apicomplexa), parasite in honey bees (Apis mellifera) and bumblebees (Bombus spp.)” Apidologie, 23(6), 533-536, 1992
  • Lipa J. J., Triggiani O., “Apicystis gen nov and Apicystis bombi (Liu, Macfarlane & Pengelly) comb nov (Protozoa: Neogregarinida), a cosmopolitan parasite of Bombus and Apis (Hymenoptera: Apidae)” Apidologie, 27(1), 29–34, 1996
  • Plischuk S., Meeus I., Smagghe G., Lange C. E., “Apicystis bombi (Apicomplexa: Neogregarinorida) parasitizing Apis mellifera and Bombus terrestris (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in Argentina” Environmental Microbiology Reports, 3(5), 565–568, 2011
  • Husband R. W., Sinha R. N., “A revision of the genus Locustacarus with a key to genera of the family Podapolipidae (Acaria)” Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 63(4), 1152- 1162, 1970
  • Alford D. V., “Sphaerularia bombi as a parasite of bumble bees in England” Journal of Apicultural Research, 8, 49–54, 1969
  • Sayama K., Kosaka H., Makino S., “The first record of infection and sterilization by the nematode Sphaerularia in hornests (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Vespa)” Insectes Sociaux, 54, 53- 55, 2007
  • Prys-Jones O. E., Corbet S. A., “Bumblebees” Richmond Publishing, Slough, England. pp. 92, 1991
  • Macfarlane R. P., Griffin R. P., “New Zealand distribution and seasonal incidence of the nematode, Sphaerularia bombi Dufour, a parasite of bumblebees” New Zealand Journal of Entomology, 17, 191–199, 1990
  • Husband R. W., “Bombacarus buchineri (Acarina: Podapolidae) in North America” Proceeding of the 2nd International Congress of Acarology, 287-288, 1969
Year 2016, Volume: 5 , 228 - 235, 04.04.2016
https://doi.org/10.17100/nevbiltek.211002

Abstract

References

  • Michener C. D., “The Bees of the World” The Johns Hopkins University Press, pp. 913, Baltimore and London, 2000
  • Wildmer A., Hempel P. S., Estoup A., Scholl A., “Population genetic structure and colonization history of Bombus terrestris (Hymenoptera: Apidae) from the Canary Islands and Madeira” Heredity, 81, 563-572, 1998
  • Goka K., Okabe K., Yoneda M., Niwa, S., “Bumblebee commercialization will cause worldwide migration of parasitic mites” Molecular Ecology, 10, 2095-2099, 2001
  • Hingston A. B., Smedley J. M., Driscol D. A., Corbett S., “Extent of Invasion of Tasmanian Native Vegatation by the Exotic Bumblebee Bombus terrestris (Apoidea: Apidae)” Australian Ecology, 27, 162–172, 2002
  • Velthuis H. H. W., Doorn A., “A century of advances in bumblebee domestication and the economic and environmental aspects of its commercialization for pollination” Apidologie, 37, 421-451, 2006
  • MacFarlane R. P., Lipa J. J., Liu H. J., “Bumble bee pathogens and internal enemies” Bee World, 76(3), 130–148, 1995
  • Eldeniz N., “Ege ve Akdeniz Kıyı şeridinde doğal olarak kışlayan Bombus (Bombus terrestris L.) ana arılarında bazı hastalık ve parazitlerinin tanısı ve enfeksiyon oranlarının saptanması” Çukurova Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans tezi, 43s, Adana, 2000
  • Shykoff J. A., Schmid-Hempel P., “Genetic relatedness and eusociality: parasite-mediated selection on the genetic composition of groups” Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 28, 371– 376, 1991
  • Fantham H. B., Porter A., “The morphology, biology and economic importance of Nosema bombi, parasitic in various bumble bees (Bombus spp.)” Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 8, 623–638, 1914
  • Tay W. T., O’Mahony E. M., Paxton R. J. “Complete rRNA gene sequences reveal that the microsporidium Nosema bombi infects diverse bumblebee (Bombus spp.) hosts and contains multiple polymorphic sites” Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology, 52, 505- 513, 2005
  • Larsson J. I. R. “Cytological variation and pathogenicity of the bumble bee parasite Nosema bombi (Microspora, Nosematidae)” Journal of İnvertebrate Pathology, 94, 1-11, 2007
  • Shykoff J. A., Schmid-Hempel P., “Incidence and effects of parasites in natural populations of bumble bees in Switzerland” Apidologie, 22, 117-125, 1991
  • Van der Steen J. J. M., “Infection and transmission of Nosema bombi in Bombus terrestris colonies and its effect on hibernation, mating and colony founding” Apidologie, 39, 273-282, 2008
  • Rutrecht S. T., Brown M. J. F., “Within colony dynamics of Nosema bombi infections: disease establishment, epidemiology and potential vertical transmission” Apidologie, 39, 504-514, 2008
  • Eijnde J., Vette N., ”Nosema infection in honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) and bumblebees (Bombus terrestris L.)” Proceedings of the section experimental and Applied Entomology of the Netherlands Entomological Society, 4, 205-208, 1993
  • Schmid-Hempel P., Loosli R., “A contribution to the knowledge of Nosema infections in bumble bees, Bombus spp” Apidologie, 29, 525–535, 1998
  • Rutrecht S. T., Klee J., Brown M. J. F., “Horizontal transmission of Nosema bombi to its adult bee hosts: effect of dosage, spore source and host age” Parasitology, 134: 1719-1726, 2007
  • Fisher R. M., Pomeroy N., “Incipient colony manipulation, Nosema incidence and colony productivity of the bumble bee Bombus terrestris (Hymenoptera: Apidae)” Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 62(4), 581-589, 1989
  • Fries I., Camazine S., “Implications of horizontal and vertical pathogen transmission for honey bee epidemiology” Apidologie, 32, 199-214, 2001
  • Otti O., Schmid-Hempel P., “Nosema bombi: a pollinator parasite with detrimental fitness effects” Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 96, 118-124, 2007
  • Lipa J. J., Triggiani O., “Chrithidia bombi sp.n., a flagellata parasite of a bumble-bee (Bombus terrestris L.) (Hymenoptera; Apidae)” Acta Protozoologica, 27(3/4), 287-290, 1980
  • Schmid-Hempel P., “Parasites in social insects” Princeton University Press, Princeton, 1998
  • Schmid-Hempel P., “On the evolutionary ecology of host-parasite interactions: adressing the question with regard to bumblebees and their parasites” Naturwissenschaften, 88, 147-158, 2001
  • Imhoof B., Schmid-Hempel P., “Colony success of Bombus terrestris and microparasitic infections in the field” Insectes Sociaux, 46, 223–238, 1998
  • Schmid-Hempel P., Schmid-Hempel R., “Transmission of a pathogen in Bombus terrestris, with a note on division of labour in social insects” Behavioral Ecology Sociobiology, 33, 319–327, 1993
  • Brown M. J. F., Schmid-Hempel R., Schmid-Hempel P., “Strong context-dependent virulence in a host parasite system: reconciling genetic evidence with theory” Journal of Animal Ecology, 72, 994-1002, 2003
  • Schmid-Hempel P., Durrer S., “Parasites, floral resources and reproduction in natural populations of bumblebees” Oikos, 62, 342–350, 1991
  • Gegear R. J., Otterstatter M. C., Thomson J. D., “Does parasitic infection impair the ability of bumblebees to learn flowerhandling techniques?” Animal Behaviour, 70, 209-215, 2005
  • Gegear R. J., Otterstatter M. C., Thomson J. D., “Bumblebee foragers infected by a gut parasite have an impaired ability to utilize floral information.” Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 273, 1073–1078, 2006
  • Brown, M., Loosli R., Schmid-Hempel P., “Condition-dependent expression of virulence in a trypanosome infecting bumblebees” Oikos, 91: 421–427, 2000
  • Dutchateau M. J., Velthuis H. H., “Development and reproductive strategies in Bombus terrestris colonies” Behaviour, 107(3/4), 186-207, 1988
  • Lui H. J., Macfarlane R. P., Pengelly D. H., “Mattesia bombi n. sp. (Neogregarinida: Ophrocystidae); a parasite of Bombus (Hymenoptera: Apidae)” Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 23, 225-231, 1974
  • Lipa J. J., Triggiani O., “A newly recorded Neogregarine (Protozoa, Apicomplexa), parasite in honey bees (Apis mellifera) and bumblebees (Bombus spp.)” Apidologie, 23(6), 533-536, 1992
  • Lipa J. J., Triggiani O., “Apicystis gen nov and Apicystis bombi (Liu, Macfarlane & Pengelly) comb nov (Protozoa: Neogregarinida), a cosmopolitan parasite of Bombus and Apis (Hymenoptera: Apidae)” Apidologie, 27(1), 29–34, 1996
  • Plischuk S., Meeus I., Smagghe G., Lange C. E., “Apicystis bombi (Apicomplexa: Neogregarinorida) parasitizing Apis mellifera and Bombus terrestris (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in Argentina” Environmental Microbiology Reports, 3(5), 565–568, 2011
  • Husband R. W., Sinha R. N., “A revision of the genus Locustacarus with a key to genera of the family Podapolipidae (Acaria)” Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 63(4), 1152- 1162, 1970
  • Alford D. V., “Sphaerularia bombi as a parasite of bumble bees in England” Journal of Apicultural Research, 8, 49–54, 1969
  • Sayama K., Kosaka H., Makino S., “The first record of infection and sterilization by the nematode Sphaerularia in hornests (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Vespa)” Insectes Sociaux, 54, 53- 55, 2007
  • Prys-Jones O. E., Corbet S. A., “Bumblebees” Richmond Publishing, Slough, England. pp. 92, 1991
  • Macfarlane R. P., Griffin R. P., “New Zealand distribution and seasonal incidence of the nematode, Sphaerularia bombi Dufour, a parasite of bumblebees” New Zealand Journal of Entomology, 17, 191–199, 1990
  • Husband R. W., “Bombacarus buchineri (Acarina: Podapolidae) in North America” Proceeding of the 2nd International Congress of Acarology, 287-288, 1969
There are 41 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section TARGİD (İç Anadolu Bölgesi 2. Tarım ve Gıda Kongresi) Özel Sayısı
Authors

Bahar Argun Karslı

Fehmi Gürel

Publication Date April 4, 2016
Published in Issue Year 2016 Volume: 5

Cite

APA Argun Karslı, B., & Gürel, F. (2016). Bombus Arısı Hastalık ve Parazitleri. Nevşehir Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 5, 228-235. https://doi.org/10.17100/nevbiltek.211002
AMA Argun Karslı B, Gürel F. Bombus Arısı Hastalık ve Parazitleri. Nevşehir Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi. April 2016;5:228-235. doi:10.17100/nevbiltek.211002
Chicago Argun Karslı, Bahar, and Fehmi Gürel. “Bombus Arısı Hastalık Ve Parazitleri”. Nevşehir Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi 5, April (April 2016): 228-35. https://doi.org/10.17100/nevbiltek.211002.
EndNote Argun Karslı B, Gürel F (April 1, 2016) Bombus Arısı Hastalık ve Parazitleri. Nevşehir Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi 5 228–235.
IEEE B. Argun Karslı and F. Gürel, “Bombus Arısı Hastalık ve Parazitleri”, Nevşehir Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, vol. 5, pp. 228–235, 2016, doi: 10.17100/nevbiltek.211002.
ISNAD Argun Karslı, Bahar - Gürel, Fehmi. “Bombus Arısı Hastalık Ve Parazitleri”. Nevşehir Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi 5 (April 2016), 228-235. https://doi.org/10.17100/nevbiltek.211002.
JAMA Argun Karslı B, Gürel F. Bombus Arısı Hastalık ve Parazitleri. Nevşehir Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi. 2016;5:228–235.
MLA Argun Karslı, Bahar and Fehmi Gürel. “Bombus Arısı Hastalık Ve Parazitleri”. Nevşehir Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi, vol. 5, 2016, pp. 228-35, doi:10.17100/nevbiltek.211002.
Vancouver Argun Karslı B, Gürel F. Bombus Arısı Hastalık ve Parazitleri. Nevşehir Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi. 2016;5:228-35.

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