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Evaluation of Ethiologic Factors of Leukoplakia Cases: A Retrospective Study

Year 2020, Ağız Kanserleri Özel Sayısı, 18 - 23, 28.09.2020

Umut Seki Enver Alper Sinanoğlu

https://doi.org/10.20515/otd.771946

Abstract

Oral leukoplakia is considered as the most common premalignant lesion of the oral cavity. The aim of this retrospective study was to analyze of etiological factors of oral leukoplakia. This retrospective study was carried out to investigate oral leukoplakia cases of patients who were referred to Oral Diagnosis Clinic, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentsitry, Kocaeli University between 2014-2016. In this study, medical history, habits of the patients, clinical and histopathological features of the lesions results were evaluated. Of the 12 patients (aged between 30 to 67) included in our study,8 of the patients were female, and 4 were male. Medical history of patients were recorded as hypertension in 3 patients, diabetes mellitus type II in 2 patients, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in one patient. 10 of patients were smokers and 2 of the patients are nonsmoker. Oral leukoplakia lesions were located at buccal mucosa in 9 cases, hard plate in 3 cases and lateral of tongue in 2 cases. Squamous cell carcinoma was diagnosed histopatologically in one patient, hyperkeratosis in 9 patient, mild dysplasia in one patient and moderate dysplasia in one patient. In this study group, relationship was found between leukoplakia and smoking (%83). Due to the majority of smokers in oral leukoplakia patients are smokers, smoking can be said as the most common risk factor for the leukoplakia. Clinicians must be aware of these lesions and encourage patients to quit smoking. On the other hand, considering the literature, other risk factors such as human papilloma virus, synergistic effect of alcohol, presence of atrophic epithelium and dietary factors should also be investigated for nonsmoker patients in future studies.

Keywords

Oral leukoplakia, potentially malignant oral lesion, smoking habit

References

  • 1- El-Naggar AK, Chan JK, Grandis JR, et al. WHO classification of head and neck tumours, 4th edn. Lyon, IARC, 2017.
  • 2- Özbayrak S. Oral mukoza ve hastalıkları, 3.Genişletilmiş Baskı. Quintessence, İstanbul. 2017.
  • 3- Sinanoğlu EA. (2018). Oral lökoplaki: Tanı kriterleri ve güncel yaklaşım. Turkiye Klinikleri Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology-Special Topics. 2018; 4(2): 77-85.
  • 4- Petti S. Pooled estimate of world leukoplakia prevalence: a systematic review. Oral Oncol. 2003; 39(8): 770-80.
  • 5- Scheifele C, Reichart PA. Is there a natural limit of the transformation rate of oral leukoplakia?. Oral Oncol. 2003; 39(5): 470-5.
  • 6- Porter S, Gueiros LA, Leão JC, et al. Risk factors and etiopathogenesis of potentially premalignant oral epithelial lesions. Oral Surg, Oral Med, Oral Pathol Oral radiol. 2018; 125(6): 603-11.
  • 7- Silverman JR, Gorksy M, Lozada F. Oral Leukoplakia and Malignant Transformation A Follow-Up Study of 257 Patients. Cancer. 1984; 53(3): 563-8.
  • 8- Warnakulasuriya S, Ariyawardana A. Malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia: a systematic review of observational studies. J Oral Pathol Med. 2016; 45(3): 155-66.
  • 9- Lee JJ, Hong WK, Hittelman WN, et al. Predicting cancer development in oral leukoplakia: ten years of translational research. Clin Cancer Res. 2000; 6(5): 1702-10.
  • 10- Mehanna HM, Rattay T, Smith J, et al. Treatment and follow‐up of oral dysplasia—a systematic review and meta‐analysis. Head Neck. 2009; 31(12): 1600-9.
  • 11- Lestón JS, Dios PD. Diagnostic clinical aids in oral cancer. Oral Oncol. 2010; 46: 418-22.
  • 12- Martorell-Calatayud A, Botella-Estrada R, Bagán-Sebastián JV, et al. Oral leukoplakia: clinical, histopathologic, and molecular features and therapeutic approach. Actas Dermosifiliog (English Edition). 2009; 100(8): 669-84.
  • 13- Speight PM, Khurram SA, Kujan O. Oral potentially malignant disorders: risk of progression to malignancy. Oral Surg, Oral Med, Oral pathol, Oral Radiol. 2018; 125(6): 612-27.
  • 14- Einhorn J, Wersäll J. Incidence of oral carcinoma in patients with leukoplakia of the oral cavity. Cancer. 1967; 20: 2189-93.
  • 15- Bánóczy J. Follow-up studies in oral leukoplakia. J Maxillofac Surg. 1977; 5: 69-75.
  • 16- Lind PO. Malignant transformation in oral leukoplakia. Scand J Dent Res. 1987; 95: 449-55.

Lökoplaki Olgularının Etyolojik Açıdan Retrospektif Olarak Değerlendirilmesi

Year 2020, Ağız Kanserleri Özel Sayısı, 18 - 23, 28.09.2020

Umut Seki Enver Alper Sinanoğlu

https://doi.org/10.20515/otd.771946

Abstract

Oral lökoplaki, oral mukozadaki prekanseröz lezyonların başında gelmektedir. Bu retrospektif çalışmanın amacı oral lökoplaki olgularının etyolojik faktörleri eşliğinde değerlendirilmesidir. 2014-2016 yılları arasında Kocaeli Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Ağız, Dişi ve Çene Radyolojisi Anabilim Dalı Oral Diagnoz kliniğinde oral lökoplaki olarak teşhis konulmuş hastaların klinik anamnezleri ve alışkanlıkları, hastada mevcut lezyonun klinik özellikleri etyolojik faktörler açısından retrospektif olarak incelenmiş, histopatolojik tanıları ile beraber değerlendirilmiştir. Bu çalışmada incelenen yaşları 30 ile 67 arasında değişen 12 hastanın, 8’i kadın, 4’ü erkektir. 9 olguda yanak mukozasında, 3 olguda sert damakta, 2 olguda dil lateralinde tespit edilen beyaz lezyonlara yapılan klinik değerlendirme sonucu oral lökoplaki tanısı konmuştur. Hastalardan 10 tanesi sigara kullanmakta 2 tanesi ise kullanmamaktadır. Hasta anamnezlerinde hipertansiyon, diabetes mellitus tip II, ve kronik obstruktif akciğer hastalığı tespit edilmiştir. Histopatolojik olarak 1 hastada yassı epitel hücreli karsinoma, 1 adet hafif ve 1 adet orta derecede epitel displazisi, diğer olgularda ise 9 adet hiperkeratoz tespit edilmiştir. Bu çalışma grubunda sigara kullanımı ve oral lökoplaki arasında yüzdesel olarak ilişki bulunmuştur (%83). Oral lökoplaki lezyonuna sahip sigara kullanan hastaların yüksek oranda olması bu ilişkinin etyolojik faktörler içerisinde ilk sırada yer almasını sağlamaktadır. Diş hekimleri bu lezyonların değerlendirilmesinde dikkatli olmalı ve hastaları sigarayı bırakma konusunda yönlendirmelidir. Öte yandan mevcut literatür değerlendirildiğinde ve bu çalışmada sigara kullanmayan olgular olduğu dikkate alındığında Human Papilloma Virüs, alkol kullanımının sinerjistik etkisi, atrofik epitel, Candida türleri, hormonal durum, diyet gibi diğer risk faktörlerini araştıran çalışmalar devam etmelidir.

Keywords

Oral lökoplaki malignite potansiyeline sahip oral lezyon sigara kullanımı

References

  • 1- El-Naggar AK, Chan JK, Grandis JR, et al. WHO classification of head and neck tumours, 4th edn. Lyon, IARC, 2017.
  • 2- Özbayrak S. Oral mukoza ve hastalıkları, 3.Genişletilmiş Baskı. Quintessence, İstanbul. 2017.
  • 3- Sinanoğlu EA. (2018). Oral lökoplaki: Tanı kriterleri ve güncel yaklaşım. Turkiye Klinikleri Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology-Special Topics. 2018; 4(2): 77-85.
  • 4- Petti S. Pooled estimate of world leukoplakia prevalence: a systematic review. Oral Oncol. 2003; 39(8): 770-80.
  • 5- Scheifele C, Reichart PA. Is there a natural limit of the transformation rate of oral leukoplakia?. Oral Oncol. 2003; 39(5): 470-5.
  • 6- Porter S, Gueiros LA, Leão JC, et al. Risk factors and etiopathogenesis of potentially premalignant oral epithelial lesions. Oral Surg, Oral Med, Oral Pathol Oral radiol. 2018; 125(6): 603-11.
  • 7- Silverman JR, Gorksy M, Lozada F. Oral Leukoplakia and Malignant Transformation A Follow-Up Study of 257 Patients. Cancer. 1984; 53(3): 563-8.
  • 8- Warnakulasuriya S, Ariyawardana A. Malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia: a systematic review of observational studies. J Oral Pathol Med. 2016; 45(3): 155-66.
  • 9- Lee JJ, Hong WK, Hittelman WN, et al. Predicting cancer development in oral leukoplakia: ten years of translational research. Clin Cancer Res. 2000; 6(5): 1702-10.
  • 10- Mehanna HM, Rattay T, Smith J, et al. Treatment and follow‐up of oral dysplasia—a systematic review and meta‐analysis. Head Neck. 2009; 31(12): 1600-9.
  • 11- Lestón JS, Dios PD. Diagnostic clinical aids in oral cancer. Oral Oncol. 2010; 46: 418-22.
  • 12- Martorell-Calatayud A, Botella-Estrada R, Bagán-Sebastián JV, et al. Oral leukoplakia: clinical, histopathologic, and molecular features and therapeutic approach. Actas Dermosifiliog (English Edition). 2009; 100(8): 669-84.
  • 13- Speight PM, Khurram SA, Kujan O. Oral potentially malignant disorders: risk of progression to malignancy. Oral Surg, Oral Med, Oral pathol, Oral Radiol. 2018; 125(6): 612-27.
  • 14- Einhorn J, Wersäll J. Incidence of oral carcinoma in patients with leukoplakia of the oral cavity. Cancer. 1967; 20: 2189-93.
  • 15- Bánóczy J. Follow-up studies in oral leukoplakia. J Maxillofac Surg. 1977; 5: 69-75.
  • 16- Lind PO. Malignant transformation in oral leukoplakia. Scand J Dent Res. 1987; 95: 449-55.
There are 16 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section ORİJİNAL MAKALE
Authors

Umut Seki 0000-0002-0286-9792

Enver Alper Sinanoğlu 0000-0002-8349-3239

Publication Date September 28, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Ağız Kanserleri Özel Sayısı

Cite

Vancouver Seki U, Sinanoğlu EA. Lökoplaki Olgularının Etyolojik Açıdan Retrospektif Olarak Değerlendirilmesi. Osmangazi Tıp Dergisi. 2020;42(5):18-23.


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