Abstract
Amaç: Non-travmatik subkonjonktival hemoraji (SKH) etyolojik sebeplerini, demografik özellikleri ve kan tablolarında oluşabilecek etkileri açısından incelemek amaçlandı.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Hastalardan ayrıntılı bir öykü alındıktan sonra, Goldman aplanasyon tonometrisi ile göz içi basıncı ölçüldü. Tüm olguların yaş, cinsiyet, oluşum hikayesi, kanamanın konjontival lokalizasyonu nasal (N), temporal (T), süperior (S), inferior (I), 2 veya daha fazla kadranı tutan konjonktiva (To) olmak üzere 5 segment, kanamanın hangi gözde olduğu, eşlik eden ek hastalığın olup olmaması, kullandığı ilaçlar, sigara ve alkol kullanım hikayesi, oturduğu bölgenin kırsal/kentsel olması, eğitim durumu, tam kan sayımı, protrombin (PT), parsiyel tromboplastin zamanı (Aptt), kan değerleri, Internationel Normalized Ratio (INR) gibi kan değerleri incelendi.
Bulgular: Çalışmamızda incelenen 112 hastanın yaş ortalaması 48,5 ± 18,4, 56’sı kadın, 56’sı erkekti. Çalışmamızda; segment ile hastaların eğitim durumları, yaşadığı bölgeler, hastaların sigara-alkol kullanım alışkanlığı, hastaların kullandıkları ilaç, hastaların kan tahlil sonuçları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ilişki olduğu tespit edilmiştir (sırasıyla p=0,030; p=0,008; p<0,001; p=0,040; p=0,016). Segment ile diğer değişkenler arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki bulunamamıştır.
Sonuç: Hastalarda antikoagülan/antiplatelet ilaç kullanımının, hipertansiyon, kan hastalıklarının, sigara-alkol kullanımının ve hastaların yaşadığı bölgenin SKH oluşan konjonktiva segmenti ile ilişkili olduğu düşünüldü.
References
- Mimura T, Yamagami S, Usui T, Funatsu H, Noma H, Honda N, et al. Location and extent of subconjunctival hemorrhage. Ophthalmologica. 2010; 224(2): 90-5.
- Leiker LL, Mehta BH, Pruchnicki MC, Rodis JL. Risk factors and complications of subconjunctival hemorrhages in patients taking warfarin. Optometry. 2009; 80(5): 227-31.
- Fukuyama J, Hayasaka S, Yamada K, Setogawa T. Causes of subconjunctival hemorrhage. Ophthalmologica. 1990; 200(2): 63-7.
- Incorvaia C, Costagliola C, Parmeggiani F, Gemmati D, Scapoli GL, Sebastiani A. Recurrent episodes of spontaneous subconjunctival hemorrhage in patients with factor XIII Val34Leu mutation. Am J Ophthalmol. 2002; 134(6): 927-9.
- Parmeggiani F, Costagliola C, Incorvaia C, Gemmati D, D’Angelo S, Tognazzo S, et al. Prevalence of factor XIII Val34Leu polymorphism in patients affected by spontaneous subconjunctival hemorrhage. Am J Ophthalmol. Eylül 2004; 138(3): 481-4.
- Kaimbo Wa Kaimbo D. Epidemiology of traumatic and spontaneous subconjunctival haemorrhages in Congo. Bull Soc Belge Ophtalmol. 2009; (311): 31-6.
- Timuçin ÖB, Yılmaz O, Karadağ MF, Aşker M, Aşker S, Aslancı ME. Subkonjonktival Hemoraji: Sıklığı ve klinik Özellikleri. Turk Oftalmoloji Der. 2011; 41(2): 90-3.
- Bi̇lgi̇n B, Güler M. Non - travmatik subkonjonktival hemorajilerin etyolojik nedenleri. MN Oftalmoloji. 2018; 25(4): 224-7.
- Nicholas S, Wells A. Subconjunctival hemorrhage and conjunctivochalasis. Ophthalmology. Haziran 2010; 117(6): 1276-7.
- Hu DN, Mou CH, Chao SC, Lin CY, Nien CW, Kuan PT, et al. Incidence of non-traumatic subconjunctival hemorrhage in a nationwide study in Taiwan from 2000 to 2011. PLoS One. 2015; 10(7): e0132762.
- Joshi RS, Bandgar RR. Incidence of non-traumatic subconjunctival hemorrhage in an ındian rural population. Clin Ophthalmol. 2021; 15: 183-8.
- Pitts JF, Jardine AG, Murray SB, Barker NH. Spontaneous subconjunctival haemorrhagea sign of hypertension? Br J Ophthalmol.1992; 76(5): 297-9.
- Sahinoglu-Keskek N, Cevher S, Ergin A. Analysis of subconjunctival hemorrhage. Pak J Med Sci. 2013; 29(1): 132-4.
- Chu WK, Choi HL, Bhat AK, Jhanji V. Pterygium: new insights. Eye (Lond). 2020; 34(6): 1047-50.
The Relationship between the Etiological Causes of Subconjunctival Hemorrhages and Conjunctival Segments
Abstract
Aim: Analyzing the etiologic causes of non-traumatic subconjunctival hemorrhage (SCH) in terms of demographic specifications and possible effects on blood panels.
Material and Methods: After getting a detailed patients, anterior and posterior segment examinations are done by slit-lamp bio microscopy and intraocular pressure is measured by Goldman applanation tonometry. SCH diagnosis was done after biomicroscopic anterior segment examination. All cases were examined in terms of age, gender, occurrence (after early morning cough/sneeze, during migraine attack, etc.), intraocular pressure (IOP), conjunctival localization of hemorrhage in 5 segments namely, nasal (N), temporal (T), superior (S), inferior (I) and 2 or more quadrant (To) conjunctiva, identification of the eye with hemorrhage, any coexisting diseases, medicine use, smoking and drinking history, residential area (rural/urban), education, full blood count, prothrombin (PT), partial thromboplastin time (PTT) and blood values such as International Normalized Ratio (INR).
Results: The mean age of 112 patients examined in our study was 48.5 ± 18.4. 56 were female and 56 were male. In our study; It was determined that there was a statistically significant relationship between the segment and the education status of the patients, the regions they lived in, the cigarette-alcohol use habits of the patients, the drugs used by the patients, and the blood test results of the patients (respectively p=0.030; p=0.008; p<0.001; p=0.040; p=0.016). No statistically significant relationship was found between the segment and other variables.
Conclusion: We suggest that use of anticoagulant/antiplatelet medication, hypertension, blood diseases, smoking and drinking and residential area of the patients all have correlation with conjunctiva segment where SCH has occurred.
References
- Mimura T, Yamagami S, Usui T, Funatsu H, Noma H, Honda N, et al. Location and extent of subconjunctival hemorrhage. Ophthalmologica. 2010; 224(2): 90-5.
- Leiker LL, Mehta BH, Pruchnicki MC, Rodis JL. Risk factors and complications of subconjunctival hemorrhages in patients taking warfarin. Optometry. 2009; 80(5): 227-31.
- Fukuyama J, Hayasaka S, Yamada K, Setogawa T. Causes of subconjunctival hemorrhage. Ophthalmologica. 1990; 200(2): 63-7.
- Incorvaia C, Costagliola C, Parmeggiani F, Gemmati D, Scapoli GL, Sebastiani A. Recurrent episodes of spontaneous subconjunctival hemorrhage in patients with factor XIII Val34Leu mutation. Am J Ophthalmol. 2002; 134(6): 927-9.
- Parmeggiani F, Costagliola C, Incorvaia C, Gemmati D, D’Angelo S, Tognazzo S, et al. Prevalence of factor XIII Val34Leu polymorphism in patients affected by spontaneous subconjunctival hemorrhage. Am J Ophthalmol. Eylül 2004; 138(3): 481-4.
- Kaimbo Wa Kaimbo D. Epidemiology of traumatic and spontaneous subconjunctival haemorrhages in Congo. Bull Soc Belge Ophtalmol. 2009; (311): 31-6.
- Timuçin ÖB, Yılmaz O, Karadağ MF, Aşker M, Aşker S, Aslancı ME. Subkonjonktival Hemoraji: Sıklığı ve klinik Özellikleri. Turk Oftalmoloji Der. 2011; 41(2): 90-3.
- Bi̇lgi̇n B, Güler M. Non - travmatik subkonjonktival hemorajilerin etyolojik nedenleri. MN Oftalmoloji. 2018; 25(4): 224-7.
- Nicholas S, Wells A. Subconjunctival hemorrhage and conjunctivochalasis. Ophthalmology. Haziran 2010; 117(6): 1276-7.
- Hu DN, Mou CH, Chao SC, Lin CY, Nien CW, Kuan PT, et al. Incidence of non-traumatic subconjunctival hemorrhage in a nationwide study in Taiwan from 2000 to 2011. PLoS One. 2015; 10(7): e0132762.
- Joshi RS, Bandgar RR. Incidence of non-traumatic subconjunctival hemorrhage in an ındian rural population. Clin Ophthalmol. 2021; 15: 183-8.
- Pitts JF, Jardine AG, Murray SB, Barker NH. Spontaneous subconjunctival haemorrhagea sign of hypertension? Br J Ophthalmol.1992; 76(5): 297-9.
- Sahinoglu-Keskek N, Cevher S, Ergin A. Analysis of subconjunctival hemorrhage. Pak J Med Sci. 2013; 29(1): 132-4.
- Chu WK, Choi HL, Bhat AK, Jhanji V. Pterygium: new insights. Eye (Lond). 2020; 34(6): 1047-50.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Clinical Sciences (Other), Health Care Administration |
| Journal Section | Research Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | September 21, 2023 |
| Submission Date | September 8, 2022 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2023 Volume: 13 Issue: 3 |
