Research Article
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Kütahya’daki Bir Aile Sağlığı Merkezine Kayıtlı Gebelerde Anemi Sıklığı

Year 2024, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 50 - 60, 30.04.2024

Adem Durmaz Muammer Yılmaz

https://doi.org/10.54803/sauhsd.1177163

Abstract

Amaç: Kütahya’daki bir aile sağlığı merkezine kayıtlı gebelerde anemi sıklığı, düşük hemotokrit, düşük ferritin ve vitamin B12 eksikliği olan gebelerin oranının belirlenmesi amaçlandı.
Yöntem: Bu tanımlayıcı kesitsel tipteki araştırma 01 Ekim- Aralık 2021 tarihleri arasında yapıldı. Araştırmanın evreni Kütahya’daki bir aile sağlığı merkezindeki 91 gebenin labaratuvar kayıtlarıdır. Araştırmada örnek seçilmedi. Evrenin tamamı retrospektif olarak analiz edildi. Gebelerin hemoglobin, hemotokrit, ferritin, Vitamin B12 değerleri incelendi.
Bulgular: Çalışmaya alınan gebelerin 7’sinde (%7.7) anemi, 3’ünde (%3.3) hemotokrit düşüklüğü, 67’sinde (%73.6) ferritin düşüklüğü, 19’unda (%20.9) B12 eksikliği bulundu. Gebelerin hemoglobin ortalaması 12,88±1,15, hemotokrit ortalaması 38,76±3,08, ferritin ortalaması 19,83±18,96, B12 ortalaması 221,11±90,76 bulundu.
Sonuç: Çalışma grubumuzdaki gebelerde ferritin düşüklüğü ciddi ve yaygın bir halk sağlığı sorunudur. Ferritin düşüklüğü kadar yaygın olmasa da vitamin B12 eksikliği de sıklıkla karşımıza çıkmaktadır.

Keywords

Gebe Anemi Ferritin Vitamin B12

Supporting Institution

Yok

Project Number

Yok

References

  • Turner J, Parsi M, Badireddy M. Anemia. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; August 8, 2023.
  • Conrad ME. Anemia. In: Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW, eds. Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations. 3rd ed. Boston: Butterworths; 1990.
  • Abu-Ouf NM, Jan MM. The impact of maternal iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia on child's health. Saudi Med J. 2015 Feb;36(2):146-9. doi: 10.15537/smj.2015.2.10289.
  • Petry N, Olofin I, Hurrell RF, Boy E, Wirth JP, Moursi M, Donahue Angel M, Rohner F. The Proportion of Anemia Associated with Iron Deficiency in Low, Medium, and High Human Development Index Countries: A Systematic Analysis of National Surveys. Nutrients 2016;8:693. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8110693.
  • World Health Organization. Anaemia. https://www.who.int/health-topics/anaemia#tab=tab_1 (Accessed August 14, 2022).
  • 6. Bilgin Z, Demirci N. Current Approaches Based on Evidence in Iron and Folate Deficiency Anemia in Pregnancy. Medical Bulletin of Zeynep Kamil. 2019;50(3):167-174. https://doi.org/10.16948/zktipb.469571
  • 7. Karbancıoğlu Cantürk F, Songur Dağlı S. Effects of Maternal Anemia on Perinatal Outcomes. The Journal of Gynecology-Obstetrics and Neonatology. 2019;16(1);22-26.
  • 8. T.C. Ministry of Health, General Directorate of Public Health, Department of Women and Reproductive Health. Prenatal Care Management Guide. Ankara, 2018. Ministry of Health Publication No: 925. https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/depo/Yayinlarimiz/Rehberler/dogum_oncesi_bakim_08-01-2019_1.pdf (Accessed August 14, 2022).
  • Bucak FK, Ozcanarslan F, Demir M. The Prevalence Of Anemıa And Related Factors In Pregnant Women Admıtted To Sanlıurfa Maternity Hospıtal. Journal of Helath Academics. 2017;4(2):103-109. https://doi.org/10.5455/sad.13-1492422573
  • Çıtıl R, Yakıştıran Barut S, Eğri M, Önder Y. Anemia Prevalance and Related Factors in Pregnant Women Admitted to State Hospital. Journal of Contemporary Medicine. 2014;4(2):76-83.
  • Tunc SY, Görük NY, Ceylan B, Tunc N. The Relationship Between Gestation and Iron Deficiency Anemia in Women Applied to Obstetrics and Gynecology Outpatient Clinic. J Clin Exp Invest. 2012;3(1):49-52.
  • Yakar B, Pirincci E, Kaya MO, Onalan E. Prevalence of Anemia and Associated Risk Factors among Pregnant Women, What is the Role of Antenatal Care in Prevention? A Cross-sectional Study. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2021;(11):1341-1345. doi: 10.29271/jcpsp.2021.11.1341.
  • Taner CE, Ekin A, Solmaz U, Gezer C, Çetin B, Keleşoğlu M, Erpala MB, Özeren M. Prevalence and risk factors of anemia among pregnant women attending a high-volume tertiary care center for delivery. J Turk Ger Gynecol Assoc. 2015;16(4):231-6. doi: 10.5152/jtgga.2015.15071.
  • Cıkım G, Tok A. Evaluation of the Frequency of Iron Deficiency Anemia in Healthy Pregnants According to Trimesters. F.Ü.Sağ.Bil.Tıp.Derg. 2020;34(3): 249 – 253.
  • Öztürk M, Öztürk Ö, Ulubay M, et al. Anemia prevalence at the time of pregnancy detection. Turk J Obstet Gynecol. 2017;14(3):176-180. doi:10.4274/tjod.06337.
  • TUIK, Turkish Statistical Institute. Geographic Statistics Portal, National Data Page. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Kategori/GetKategori?p=Nufus-ve-Demografi-109 (Accessed September 7, 2022).
  • WHO (2001) Iron deficiency anemia: assessment, prevention and control. WHO/NHD/01.3, Geneva. World Health Organization, Switzerland
  • Centers for Disease Control (CDC). CDC criteria for anemia in children and childbearing-aged women. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1989;38(22):400-4.
  • Yıldız Y, Yapar Eyi EG. Gebelikte annenin anemisi (Maternal anemia in pregnancy). The Journal of Gynecology - Obstetrics and Neonatology. 2012;9 (35):1456-1459.
  • Koebnick C, Hein UA, Dagnelie PC, Wickramasinghe SN, Ratnayaka ID, Hothorn T. Longitudinal concentrations of vitamin B12 and vitamin B12-binding protein during uncomplicated pregnancy. Clin Chem. 2002;48:928–33.
  • Davas I, Marangoz D, Varolan A, Akyol A, Baksu B. The influence of iron intake to maternal and perinatal outcomes. J Turk Soc Obstet Gynecol. 2008;5:174–81.
  • Sayar EH, Orhaner BB, Sayar E, NesrinTuran F, Küçük M. The frequency of vitamin B12, iron, and folic acid deficiency in the neonatal period and infancy, and the relationship with maternal levels. Turk Pediatri Ars. 2020;55(2):139-148. doi: 10.14744/TurkPediatriArs.2020.14042.
  • Gülücü S, Güçlü M, Çelik S, Can İS, Soyer Çalışkan C, Çelik S. The Relationship of First Trimester Vitamin D, Vitamin B12 and Ferritin Levels with Preeklampsia Ahi Evran Med J. 2021;5(3):229-235. doi: 10.46332/aemj.865619
  • Yenigül NN, Buldum D. Hemoglobin, ferritine, folate, B12 and vitamine D levels in first trimester pregnancies in Şanlıurfa. Genel Tıp Derg. 2021;31(1):24-28.
  • Chouthai NS, Sampers J, Desai N, et al. Changes in neurotrophin levels in umbilical cord blood from infants with different gestational ages and clinical conditions. Pediatr Res. 2003;53: 965-969.
  • Dalal E, Shah J. A comparative study on outcome of neonates born to anemic mothers versus non anemic mothers. Natl J Med Res. 2014; 4:270-273.
  • Winterbourn CC. Toxicity of iron and hydrogen peroxide: The Fenton reaction.Toxicol Lett. 1995; 82-83:969-974.
  • Keskin EY, Keskin M, Karaibrahimoğlu A. Association of Maternal Vitamin B12 Status With Infant Findings and Neurodevelopment in Vitamin B12-Deficient Breast-fed Babies. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2022;44(1):e91-e95. doi: 10.1097/MPH.0000000000002122.
  • Sukumar N, Adaikalakoteswari A, Venkataraman H, Maheswaran H, Saravanan P. Vitamin B12 status in women of childbearing age in the UK and its relationship with national nutrient intake guidelines: Results from two National Diet and Nutrition Surveys. BMJ Open. 2016;6:e011247. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011247
  • Emen B, Kılıç Öztürk Y, Eren MA, Özdemir E, Öztürk F, Düzenli E, Sarıaslan D. Retrospective Analysis Of The Correlation Of Etiological Factors With Laboratory Features In Vitamin B12 Defficient Patients, The Anatolian Journal of General Medical Research. 2013;23(1):19-23. doi: 10.5222/terh.2013.95182
  • Şimşek H, Karaağaç Y, Tunçer E, Yardımcı H. Is It Necessary Folic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin D and Iodine Supplementation in Pregnancy?: Posssible Risks. KSU Medical Journal. 2021;16(3):439-447. doi:10.17517/ksutfd.832401

Prevalence of Anaemia in Pregnant Women Registered in a Family Health Centre in Kütahya

Year 2024, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 50 - 60, 30.04.2024

Adem Durmaz Muammer Yılmaz

https://doi.org/10.54803/sauhsd.1177163

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of anaemia in pregnant women enrolled in a family health centre in Kütahya and to determine the proportion of pregnant women with low haemotocrit, low ferritin and vitamin B12 deficiency and some factors affecting them.
Method: The population and sample of this retrospective study consisted of 91 pregnant women who were registered to Yıldırım Bayazıt FHC between 01 October and December 2021 and whose medical records were complete. Haemoglobin, haematocrit, ferritin, vitamin B12 values of pregnant women were examined.
Results: The mean age of the pregnant women included in the study was 28.83±8.61 years. Anaemia was found in 7 (7.7%), low haemotochrit in 3 (3.3%), low ferritin in 67 (73.6%), and B12 deficiency in 19 (20.9%) of the pregnant women. It was found that haemoglobin, haematocrit and ferritin values of pregnant women did not differ significantly according to age, educational status, number of pregnancies, nutrition and planning status of pregnancy (p>0.05).
Conclusion: Low ferritin levels were found to be high in pregnant women in our study group. Ferritin levels of pregnant women should be monitored in Family Health Centres.

Keywords

Pregnant women Anaemia Ferritin Vitamin B12

Project Number

Yok

References

  • Turner J, Parsi M, Badireddy M. Anemia. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; August 8, 2023.
  • Conrad ME. Anemia. In: Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW, eds. Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations. 3rd ed. Boston: Butterworths; 1990.
  • Abu-Ouf NM, Jan MM. The impact of maternal iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia on child's health. Saudi Med J. 2015 Feb;36(2):146-9. doi: 10.15537/smj.2015.2.10289.
  • Petry N, Olofin I, Hurrell RF, Boy E, Wirth JP, Moursi M, Donahue Angel M, Rohner F. The Proportion of Anemia Associated with Iron Deficiency in Low, Medium, and High Human Development Index Countries: A Systematic Analysis of National Surveys. Nutrients 2016;8:693. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8110693.
  • World Health Organization. Anaemia. https://www.who.int/health-topics/anaemia#tab=tab_1 (Accessed August 14, 2022).
  • 6. Bilgin Z, Demirci N. Current Approaches Based on Evidence in Iron and Folate Deficiency Anemia in Pregnancy. Medical Bulletin of Zeynep Kamil. 2019;50(3):167-174. https://doi.org/10.16948/zktipb.469571
  • 7. Karbancıoğlu Cantürk F, Songur Dağlı S. Effects of Maternal Anemia on Perinatal Outcomes. The Journal of Gynecology-Obstetrics and Neonatology. 2019;16(1);22-26.
  • 8. T.C. Ministry of Health, General Directorate of Public Health, Department of Women and Reproductive Health. Prenatal Care Management Guide. Ankara, 2018. Ministry of Health Publication No: 925. https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/depo/Yayinlarimiz/Rehberler/dogum_oncesi_bakim_08-01-2019_1.pdf (Accessed August 14, 2022).
  • Bucak FK, Ozcanarslan F, Demir M. The Prevalence Of Anemıa And Related Factors In Pregnant Women Admıtted To Sanlıurfa Maternity Hospıtal. Journal of Helath Academics. 2017;4(2):103-109. https://doi.org/10.5455/sad.13-1492422573
  • Çıtıl R, Yakıştıran Barut S, Eğri M, Önder Y. Anemia Prevalance and Related Factors in Pregnant Women Admitted to State Hospital. Journal of Contemporary Medicine. 2014;4(2):76-83.
  • Tunc SY, Görük NY, Ceylan B, Tunc N. The Relationship Between Gestation and Iron Deficiency Anemia in Women Applied to Obstetrics and Gynecology Outpatient Clinic. J Clin Exp Invest. 2012;3(1):49-52.
  • Yakar B, Pirincci E, Kaya MO, Onalan E. Prevalence of Anemia and Associated Risk Factors among Pregnant Women, What is the Role of Antenatal Care in Prevention? A Cross-sectional Study. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2021;(11):1341-1345. doi: 10.29271/jcpsp.2021.11.1341.
  • Taner CE, Ekin A, Solmaz U, Gezer C, Çetin B, Keleşoğlu M, Erpala MB, Özeren M. Prevalence and risk factors of anemia among pregnant women attending a high-volume tertiary care center for delivery. J Turk Ger Gynecol Assoc. 2015;16(4):231-6. doi: 10.5152/jtgga.2015.15071.
  • Cıkım G, Tok A. Evaluation of the Frequency of Iron Deficiency Anemia in Healthy Pregnants According to Trimesters. F.Ü.Sağ.Bil.Tıp.Derg. 2020;34(3): 249 – 253.
  • Öztürk M, Öztürk Ö, Ulubay M, et al. Anemia prevalence at the time of pregnancy detection. Turk J Obstet Gynecol. 2017;14(3):176-180. doi:10.4274/tjod.06337.
  • TUIK, Turkish Statistical Institute. Geographic Statistics Portal, National Data Page. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Kategori/GetKategori?p=Nufus-ve-Demografi-109 (Accessed September 7, 2022).
  • WHO (2001) Iron deficiency anemia: assessment, prevention and control. WHO/NHD/01.3, Geneva. World Health Organization, Switzerland
  • Centers for Disease Control (CDC). CDC criteria for anemia in children and childbearing-aged women. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1989;38(22):400-4.
  • Yıldız Y, Yapar Eyi EG. Gebelikte annenin anemisi (Maternal anemia in pregnancy). The Journal of Gynecology - Obstetrics and Neonatology. 2012;9 (35):1456-1459.
  • Koebnick C, Hein UA, Dagnelie PC, Wickramasinghe SN, Ratnayaka ID, Hothorn T. Longitudinal concentrations of vitamin B12 and vitamin B12-binding protein during uncomplicated pregnancy. Clin Chem. 2002;48:928–33.
  • Davas I, Marangoz D, Varolan A, Akyol A, Baksu B. The influence of iron intake to maternal and perinatal outcomes. J Turk Soc Obstet Gynecol. 2008;5:174–81.
  • Sayar EH, Orhaner BB, Sayar E, NesrinTuran F, Küçük M. The frequency of vitamin B12, iron, and folic acid deficiency in the neonatal period and infancy, and the relationship with maternal levels. Turk Pediatri Ars. 2020;55(2):139-148. doi: 10.14744/TurkPediatriArs.2020.14042.
  • Gülücü S, Güçlü M, Çelik S, Can İS, Soyer Çalışkan C, Çelik S. The Relationship of First Trimester Vitamin D, Vitamin B12 and Ferritin Levels with Preeklampsia Ahi Evran Med J. 2021;5(3):229-235. doi: 10.46332/aemj.865619
  • Yenigül NN, Buldum D. Hemoglobin, ferritine, folate, B12 and vitamine D levels in first trimester pregnancies in Şanlıurfa. Genel Tıp Derg. 2021;31(1):24-28.
  • Chouthai NS, Sampers J, Desai N, et al. Changes in neurotrophin levels in umbilical cord blood from infants with different gestational ages and clinical conditions. Pediatr Res. 2003;53: 965-969.
  • Dalal E, Shah J. A comparative study on outcome of neonates born to anemic mothers versus non anemic mothers. Natl J Med Res. 2014; 4:270-273.
  • Winterbourn CC. Toxicity of iron and hydrogen peroxide: The Fenton reaction.Toxicol Lett. 1995; 82-83:969-974.
  • Keskin EY, Keskin M, Karaibrahimoğlu A. Association of Maternal Vitamin B12 Status With Infant Findings and Neurodevelopment in Vitamin B12-Deficient Breast-fed Babies. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2022;44(1):e91-e95. doi: 10.1097/MPH.0000000000002122.
  • Sukumar N, Adaikalakoteswari A, Venkataraman H, Maheswaran H, Saravanan P. Vitamin B12 status in women of childbearing age in the UK and its relationship with national nutrient intake guidelines: Results from two National Diet and Nutrition Surveys. BMJ Open. 2016;6:e011247. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011247
  • Emen B, Kılıç Öztürk Y, Eren MA, Özdemir E, Öztürk F, Düzenli E, Sarıaslan D. Retrospective Analysis Of The Correlation Of Etiological Factors With Laboratory Features In Vitamin B12 Defficient Patients, The Anatolian Journal of General Medical Research. 2013;23(1):19-23. doi: 10.5222/terh.2013.95182
  • Şimşek H, Karaağaç Y, Tunçer E, Yardımcı H. Is It Necessary Folic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin D and Iodine Supplementation in Pregnancy?: Posssible Risks. KSU Medical Journal. 2021;16(3):439-447. doi:10.17517/ksutfd.832401
There are 31 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Adem Durmaz 0000-0001-5890-3622

Muammer Yılmaz 0000-0002-8728-7635

Project Number Yok
Early Pub Date April 25, 2024
Publication Date April 30, 2024
Submission Date September 19, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 7 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Durmaz, A., & Yılmaz, M. (2024). Prevalence of Anaemia in Pregnant Women Registered in a Family Health Centre in Kütahya. Sakarya Üniversitesi Holistik Sağlık Dergisi, 7(1), 50-60. https://doi.org/10.54803/sauhsd.1177163
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