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CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE PROTECTION OF WORLD HERITAGE

Year 2021, Volume: 11 Issue: 2, 263 - 288, 29.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.52273/sduhfd..977953

Abstract

Climate change has natural and anthropological reasons. Especially with the
industrial revolution, the negative impact of human activities on the climate system
has increased and climate change has been included in the agenda of the international
community as one of the most important problems of the 21st century. Climate
change is the subject of many areas of international law, from human rights (such as
life, health, access to clean food and water, housing rights) to migration and security
policies, from the sovereign rights of states to the change of country borders. Although
it is not often mentioned, climate change also has an impact on cultural and natural
heritage. Extremely hot weather, sudden torrential rains, strong winds, floods and all
other sudden events due to climate change negatively affect cultural and natural
heritages, cause erosion and darkening, and put these assets in danger of extinction.
The paper will seek an answer to the question of whether there is a link between
climate change law and legal instruments in the fields of cultural and natural heritage
conservation law. Opinions, reports and solution suggestions regarding this issue will
be conveyed.

References

  • Akipek, S. (1999). Ulusal ve Uluslararası Hukuk Açısından Kültür Malları. Ankara: Turhan Kitabevi.
  • Brimblecombe, P. (2014). Refining climate change threats to heritage. Journal of the Institute of Conservation, 37(2), 85-93.
  • Carducci, G. (2014). What Consideration is Given to Climate and to Climate Change in the UNESCO Cultural Heritage and Property Conventions? S. v. Schorlemer, & S. Maus içinde, Climate Change as a Threat to Peace Impacts on Cultural Heritage and Cultural Diversity (s. 129-140). Frankfurt: PL Academic Researh.
  • Chechi, A. (2014). The Cultural Dimension of Climate Change: Some Remarks on the Interface between Cultural Heritage and Climate Change Law. S. v. Schorlemer, & S. Maus içinde, Climate Change as a Threat to Peace Impacts on Cultural Heritage and Cultural Diversity (s. 161-198). Frankfurt: PL Academic Research.
  • Fatorić, S., & Biesbroek, R. (2020). Adapting Cultural Heritage To Climate Change İmpacts in The Netherlands: Barriers, Interdependencies and Strategies For Overcoming Them. Climatic Change, 162, 301-320.
  • Fatoric, S., & Seekamp, E. (2017). Are cultural heritage and resources threatened by climate change? A systematic literature review. Climatic Change(142), 227-254.
  • Gruber, S. (2011). The Impact of Climate Change on Cultural Heritage Sites: Environmental Law and Adaptation. Carbon & Climate Law Review, 209, 209-2019.
  • Hafner, A., & Underwood, C. (2020). Introductıon To The Impact Of Clımate Change On Underwater Cultural Herıtage And The Decade Of Ocean Scıence For Sustaınable Development 2021–2030. A. Hafner, H. Öniz, L. Semaan, & C. Underwood içinde, Heritage Under Water at Risk, Threats, Challenges and Risks. (s. 118-126). Bern: ICOMOS ve ICUCH.
  • Hambrecht, G., & Rockman, M. (2017). International Approaches to Change and Cultural Heritage. American Antiquity, 82(4), 627-641.
  • Harkin, D. v. (2020). Impacts of climate change on cultural heritage. MCCIP Science Review, 616-641.
  • Huggins, A. (2007). Protecting World Heritage Sites from the Adverse Impacts of Climate Change: Obligations for States Parties to the World Heritage Convention. Austarilan International Law Journal, 14, 121-136.
  • IPCC. (2007). Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Karakaya, E. (2016). Paris İklim Anlaşması: İçeriği Ve Türkiye Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 3(1), 1-12.
  • Kim, H.-E. (2011). Changing Climate, Changing Culture: Adding the Climate Change Dimension to the Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage. International Journal of Cultural Property, 18, 259-290.
  • Lenzerini, F. (2014). Protecting the Tangible, Safeguarding the Intangible: A Same Conventional Model for Different Needs. S. v. Schorlemer, & S. Maus içinde, Climate Change as a Threat to Peace Impacts on Cultural Heritage and Cultural Diversity (s. 141-160). Frankfurt: PL Research Academy.
  • Perez-Alvaro, E. (2016). Climate change and underwater cultural heritage: Impacts and challenges. Journal of Cultural Heritage(21), 842–848.
  • Quirico, O. (2012). Key Issues in the Relationship between the World Heritage Convention and Climate Change Regulation. S. Borrelli, & F. Lenzerini içinde, Cultural Heritage, Cultural Rights, Cultural Diversity: New Developments in International Law (s. 391-412). Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff.
  • Terrill, G. (2008). Climate Change: How Should the World Heritage Convention Respond? International Journal of Heritage Studies, 15(8), 388-404.
  • Thorson, E. J. (2007). The World Heritage Convention & Climate Change: The Case for a Climate-Change Mitigation Strategy beyond the Kyoto Protocol. W. C. BURNS, & H. OSOFSKY içinde, Adjusting Climate Control: Sub- National, National and Supra- National Approches . Cambridge: CUP.
  • Türkay Kahraman, Ş. (2018). Uluslararası Silahlı Çatışmalar Hukukunda Kültürel Varlıkların Korunması. İstanbul: XII Levha Yayıncılık.
  • UNESCO. (2015). World Heritage Climate Change No: 77. London: Publishing for Development Ltd.
  • UNESCO World Heritage Centre. (2007). World Heritage Reports 22. Paris: UNESCO.
  • WEITZMAN, M. L. (2007, September). A Review of The Stern Review on the Economics of Climate Change. Journal of Economic Literature, XLV, 703-724.

İKLİM DEĞİŞİKLİĞİ VE DÜNYA MİRASININ KORUNMASI

Year 2021, Volume: 11 Issue: 2, 263 - 288, 29.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.52273/sduhfd..977953

Abstract

İklim değişikliğinin doğal ve insan kaynaklı nedenleri bulunmaktadır. Özellikle sanayi devrimi ile birlikte insan faaliyetlerinin iklim sistemi üzerindeki olumsuz etkisi artmış ve iklim değişikliği 21. yy’ın en önemli problemlerinden biri olarak uluslararası toplumun gündemine dahil olmuştur. İklim değişikliği, insan haklarından (yaşam, sağlık, temiz gıda ve suya ulaşım, barınma hakları gibi) göç ve güvenlik politikalarına, devletlerin egemenlik haklarından ülke sınırlarının değişmesine kadar uluslararası hukukun birçok alanına konu olmaktadır. Her ne kadar sıklıkla dile getirilmese de iklim değişikliğinin kültürel ve doğal miraslar üzerinde de etkisi bulunmaktadır. Aşırı sıcak hava, ani sağanak yağmurlar, sert rüzgarlar, seller ve iklim değişikliğine bağlı ani diğer tüm olaylar, kültürel ve doğal mirasları olumsuz etkilemekte, aşınmalara, kararmalara neden olmakta, bu varlıkları yok olma tehlikesine sokmaktadır. Makalede iklim değişikliği ile kültürel ve doğal mirasın korunması alanlarına ait hukuksal araçlar arasında bağlantı var mı sorusuna cevap aranacaktır. Bu hususa ilişkin görüşler, raporlar ve çözüm önerileri aktarılacaktır.

References

  • Akipek, S. (1999). Ulusal ve Uluslararası Hukuk Açısından Kültür Malları. Ankara: Turhan Kitabevi.
  • Brimblecombe, P. (2014). Refining climate change threats to heritage. Journal of the Institute of Conservation, 37(2), 85-93.
  • Carducci, G. (2014). What Consideration is Given to Climate and to Climate Change in the UNESCO Cultural Heritage and Property Conventions? S. v. Schorlemer, & S. Maus içinde, Climate Change as a Threat to Peace Impacts on Cultural Heritage and Cultural Diversity (s. 129-140). Frankfurt: PL Academic Researh.
  • Chechi, A. (2014). The Cultural Dimension of Climate Change: Some Remarks on the Interface between Cultural Heritage and Climate Change Law. S. v. Schorlemer, & S. Maus içinde, Climate Change as a Threat to Peace Impacts on Cultural Heritage and Cultural Diversity (s. 161-198). Frankfurt: PL Academic Research.
  • Fatorić, S., & Biesbroek, R. (2020). Adapting Cultural Heritage To Climate Change İmpacts in The Netherlands: Barriers, Interdependencies and Strategies For Overcoming Them. Climatic Change, 162, 301-320.
  • Fatoric, S., & Seekamp, E. (2017). Are cultural heritage and resources threatened by climate change? A systematic literature review. Climatic Change(142), 227-254.
  • Gruber, S. (2011). The Impact of Climate Change on Cultural Heritage Sites: Environmental Law and Adaptation. Carbon & Climate Law Review, 209, 209-2019.
  • Hafner, A., & Underwood, C. (2020). Introductıon To The Impact Of Clımate Change On Underwater Cultural Herıtage And The Decade Of Ocean Scıence For Sustaınable Development 2021–2030. A. Hafner, H. Öniz, L. Semaan, & C. Underwood içinde, Heritage Under Water at Risk, Threats, Challenges and Risks. (s. 118-126). Bern: ICOMOS ve ICUCH.
  • Hambrecht, G., & Rockman, M. (2017). International Approaches to Change and Cultural Heritage. American Antiquity, 82(4), 627-641.
  • Harkin, D. v. (2020). Impacts of climate change on cultural heritage. MCCIP Science Review, 616-641.
  • Huggins, A. (2007). Protecting World Heritage Sites from the Adverse Impacts of Climate Change: Obligations for States Parties to the World Heritage Convention. Austarilan International Law Journal, 14, 121-136.
  • IPCC. (2007). Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Karakaya, E. (2016). Paris İklim Anlaşması: İçeriği Ve Türkiye Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 3(1), 1-12.
  • Kim, H.-E. (2011). Changing Climate, Changing Culture: Adding the Climate Change Dimension to the Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage. International Journal of Cultural Property, 18, 259-290.
  • Lenzerini, F. (2014). Protecting the Tangible, Safeguarding the Intangible: A Same Conventional Model for Different Needs. S. v. Schorlemer, & S. Maus içinde, Climate Change as a Threat to Peace Impacts on Cultural Heritage and Cultural Diversity (s. 141-160). Frankfurt: PL Research Academy.
  • Perez-Alvaro, E. (2016). Climate change and underwater cultural heritage: Impacts and challenges. Journal of Cultural Heritage(21), 842–848.
  • Quirico, O. (2012). Key Issues in the Relationship between the World Heritage Convention and Climate Change Regulation. S. Borrelli, & F. Lenzerini içinde, Cultural Heritage, Cultural Rights, Cultural Diversity: New Developments in International Law (s. 391-412). Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff.
  • Terrill, G. (2008). Climate Change: How Should the World Heritage Convention Respond? International Journal of Heritage Studies, 15(8), 388-404.
  • Thorson, E. J. (2007). The World Heritage Convention & Climate Change: The Case for a Climate-Change Mitigation Strategy beyond the Kyoto Protocol. W. C. BURNS, & H. OSOFSKY içinde, Adjusting Climate Control: Sub- National, National and Supra- National Approches . Cambridge: CUP.
  • Türkay Kahraman, Ş. (2018). Uluslararası Silahlı Çatışmalar Hukukunda Kültürel Varlıkların Korunması. İstanbul: XII Levha Yayıncılık.
  • UNESCO. (2015). World Heritage Climate Change No: 77. London: Publishing for Development Ltd.
  • UNESCO World Heritage Centre. (2007). World Heritage Reports 22. Paris: UNESCO.
  • WEITZMAN, M. L. (2007, September). A Review of The Stern Review on the Economics of Climate Change. Journal of Economic Literature, XLV, 703-724.
There are 23 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Law in Context
Journal Section PUBLIC LAW
Authors

Neslihan Özkerim Güner 0000-0001-8130-9461

Publication Date December 29, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 11 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Özkerim Güner, N. (2021). İKLİM DEĞİŞİKLİĞİ VE DÜNYA MİRASININ KORUNMASI. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, 11(2), 263-288. https://doi.org/10.52273/sduhfd..977953
AMA Özkerim Güner N. İKLİM DEĞİŞİKLİĞİ VE DÜNYA MİRASININ KORUNMASI. SDLR. December 2021;11(2):263-288. doi:10.52273/sduhfd.977953
Chicago Özkerim Güner, Neslihan. “İKLİM DEĞİŞİKLİĞİ VE DÜNYA MİRASININ KORUNMASI”. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 11, no. 2 (December 2021): 263-88. https://doi.org/10.52273/sduhfd. 977953.
EndNote Özkerim Güner N (December 1, 2021) İKLİM DEĞİŞİKLİĞİ VE DÜNYA MİRASININ KORUNMASI. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 11 2 263–288.
IEEE N. Özkerim Güner, “İKLİM DEĞİŞİKLİĞİ VE DÜNYA MİRASININ KORUNMASI”, SDLR, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 263–288, 2021, doi: 10.52273/sduhfd..977953.
ISNAD Özkerim Güner, Neslihan. “İKLİM DEĞİŞİKLİĞİ VE DÜNYA MİRASININ KORUNMASI”. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 11/2 (December 2021), 263-288. https://doi.org/10.52273/sduhfd. 977953.
JAMA Özkerim Güner N. İKLİM DEĞİŞİKLİĞİ VE DÜNYA MİRASININ KORUNMASI. SDLR. 2021;11:263–288.
MLA Özkerim Güner, Neslihan. “İKLİM DEĞİŞİKLİĞİ VE DÜNYA MİRASININ KORUNMASI”. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 11, no. 2, 2021, pp. 263-88, doi:10.52273/sduhfd. 977953.
Vancouver Özkerim Güner N. İKLİM DEĞİŞİKLİĞİ VE DÜNYA MİRASININ KORUNMASI. SDLR. 2021;11(2):263-88.