Research Article
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Can Physical Complaints in High School Students be Symptoms of Internet Addiction?

Year 2021, Volume: 15 Issue: 1, 154 - 163, 09.03.2021
https://doi.org/10.21763/tjfmpc.808995

Abstract

Background: The aim of this study is to measure the level of internet addiction among high school adolescents and to determine the relationship between their time spent on the internet and the back and neck pain and eye health problems they experience.Methods: The study is a simple cross-sectional descriptive study. 8926 high school students participated in the study. Students were selected by cluster sampling method pursuant to their gender, school type, and grade distributions. Young's short internet addiction test (IAT) that was adapted to Turkish was utilized. Results: The average internet addiction score of the students was 26.88 ± 8.80. While the ratio of students with a high risk of addiction was 44.3% (n=3950), the ratio of those, who were addicted, was 15.7% (n=1400). A significant positive correlation was found between the addiction level and the lower back, neck pain and eye disorders. (p<0.001; p<0.001; p<0.001) The smartphone possession rate of students was 96.4% (n=8606). There was a significant positive correlation between having a smartphone and the level of addiction, neck pain, and eye complaints. (p=0.005; p=0.002; p=0.003, respectively)The ratio of students, who have a computer at home, was 79.8% (n=7122). Eye complaints were found to be significantly higher in those, who had a computer at home (p<0.001).Conclusion: Internet addiction is an important and common problem among adolescents. Internet addiction increases, as the age of adolescents increases. Smartphones are the most important risk factor for the spread of internet addiction. Internet addiction leads to muscle-joint pain, and eye-related symptoms.

Supporting Institution

Çorlu İlçe Milli Eğitim Müdürlüğü

Thanks

Thanks to Çorlu District National Education Directorate.( Due to the permitting and facilitating effects of working in schools on data collection) Thanks to Şeyma Gülüzar ÖZCEYLAN, Mimar Sinan Anatolian High School-biology teacher, (Because of organizing data collection in high schools and its contribution to the sampling of data) Thanks to Zehra BARIŞ, Mimar Sinan Anatolian High School-ICT teacher. (Due to contribution to the data collection process in schools)

References

  • 1. Güçdemir Y. Computer networks, internet development and information pollution. Istanbul University Journal of Communication Sciences,2003;17:371-78.
  • 2. Kalaitzaki AE, Birtchnell J. The impact of early parenting bonding on young adults' internet addiction, through the mediation effects of negative relating too thers and sadness. AddictBehav, 2014;39(3):733-36
  • 3. Güneş NA, Akbıyık Dİ, Aypak C, Görpelioğlu S. Social media dependency and sleep quality in high school students. TurkishJournal of FamilyPractice 2018; 22(4):185-192
  • 4. Badenes-Ribera L, Fabris MA, Gastaldi FGM, Prino LE, Longobardi C. Parent and peer attachment as predictors of facebook addiction symptoms in different developmental stages (early adolescents and adolescents). .Addict Behav. 2019;95:226-32.
  • 5. Durualp E, Çiçekoğlu P. Investigation of the loneliness levels of the adolescents who are living in an orphanage in term of internet addiction and various variables. The Journal of Graduate School of Social Sciences 2012; 15(1):29-46.
  • 6. Egger, O. & Rauterberg, G. W. M. Internet behaviour and addiction. Zürich: Swiss Federal Institute of Technology 1996. Accessed from: pure.tue.nl/ws/files/4392817/587150.pdf :131-34. Accessed time:10.10.2020
  • 7. İskender M, Akin A. Social self-efficacy, academiclocus of control, and internet addiction. Computers&Education 2010;54(4):1101-06.
  • 8. Kawyannejad, R, Mirzaei, M, Valinejadi A, Hemmatpour B, Karimpour K, AminiSaman J, et al. General health of students of medical sciences and its relation to sleep quality, cell phone overuse, social networks and internet addiction. BioPsychoSocial Med 2019. Accessed from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13030-019-0150-7 Accesed time:10.10.2020
  • 9. Ayas T, Horzum MB. Internet addiction and internet parental style of primary school students. Turkish psychological counselling and guidance journal 2013; 4(39):46-57
  • 10. Young SK. Internet addiction. Am BehavSci 2004; 48(4):402-15.
  • 11. Kutlu M, Savcı M, Demir Y, Aysan F. Turkish adaptation of Young’s Internet Addiction Test-Short Form: a reliability and validity study on university students and adolescents. AnatolianJournal of Psychiatry 2016;17(Suppl.1):69-76
  • 12. Zhang MWB, Lim RBC, Lee C, Ho RCM. Prevalence of internet addiction in medical Students: a meta-analysis. Acad Psychiatry. 2018;42(1):88-93. Doi: 10.1007/s40596-017-0794-1.
  • 13. Özgen F, Bavlı Ö. Investigation of internet addiction and personality relationship among university students. IJSETS 2017;3(4):129-41.
  • 14. Chung TWH, Sum SMY, Chan MWL. Adolescent internet addiction in Hong Kong: Prevalence, psychosocial correlates, and prevention. J Adolesc Health. 2019; 64(6):34-43. Doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2018.12.016.
  • 15. Lau JTF, Gross DL, Wu AMS, Cheng KM, Lau MMC. Incidence and predictive factors of internet addiction among Chinese secondary school students in Hong Kong: a longitudinalstudy. SocPsychiatryPsychiatrEpidemiol, 2017;52(6):657-67.
  • 16. Bilyk B, Goodman R. Prevalence of child and adolescent psychiatric disorders in Southeast Brazil. Journal of The American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 2004;43(6):727- 34.
  • 17. Cash H, Rae CD, Steel AH, Winkler A. Internet addiction: A brief summary of research and practice. Curr Psychiatry Rev. 2012; 8(4):292‐98. Doi:10.2174/157340012803520513
  • 18. Satan A. The factors influencing the internet addiction of secondary education students. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research 2013; 13:131-48.
  • 19. Sayyah M, Khanafereh S. Prevalence of internet addiction among medical students: a study from Southwestern Iran. CentEur J PublicHealth. 2019;27(4):326-29. Doi: 10.21101/cejph.a5171.
  • 20. Mazhari S. The prevalence of problematic internet use and the related factors in medical students, Kerman, Iran. AddictHealth 2012; 4 (3-4):87-94.
  • 21. Cao H, Sun Y, Wan Y, Hao J, Tao F. Problematic internet use in Chinese adolescents and its relation to psychosomatic symptoms and life satisfaction. BMC Public Health. 2011;11:802. Doi:10.1186/1471-2458-11-802.
  • 22. Dufour M, Brunelle N, Tremblay J, Leclerc D, Cousineau MM, Khazaal Y, et al. Gender difference in internet use and internet problems among Quebec High School students. Can J Psychiatry. 2016; 61(10):663-68. Doi: 10.1177/0706743716640755
  • 23. Qian D. Gender, grade and personality differences in internet addiction and positive psychological health among Chinese college students. Primary Health Care 2016;06. Doi:10.4172/2167-1079.1000248.
  • 24. Öksüz Ö, Karaca F. Internet addiction of gender, with problem internet use, cyber bullying and cyber effects on victimal variables: a meta analysis study, 2019. Accessed from: https://katalog.marmara.edu.tr/veriler/yordambt/cokluortam/44177FB8-D508-6E46-8FEA-5A8DEA97B413/5d836b49e41b3.pdf. Accessed time:10.10.2020
  • 25. Lawal AM, Idemudia ES. Gender difference, class level and the role of internet addiction and loneliness on sexual compulsivity among secondary school students. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth 2018;23(4):422-30 Doi:10.1080/02673843.2017.1406380
  • 26. Wu X, Chen X, Han J, Meng H, Luo J, Nyndegger L, et al. Prevalence and factors of addictive Internet use among adolescents in Wuhan, China: interactions of parental relationship with age and hyperactivity-impulsivity. PLoSOne. 2013;8(4):e61782. Doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0061782.
  • 27. Moral R, Kumcağız H. Internet addiction in adolescence: Evaluation from mother, father and peer relationship perspectives. ODU Journal of social sciences research 2019; 9(2):335-46.
  • 28. Li X,Luo X, Zheng R, Jin X, Mei L, Xie X, et al. The role of depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and school functioning in the association between peer victimization and internet addiction: A moderated mediation model. Journal of Affective Disorders 2019; 256(1):125-31.
  • 29. Savcı M, Aysan F. Technological Addictions and Social Connectedness: The Predictor Effect of Internet Addiction, Social Media Addiction, Digital Game Addiction and Smartphone Addiction on Social Connectedness. TheJournal of PsychiatryandNeurologicalScience 2017; 30:202-16.
  • 30. Kwon M, Lee JY, Won WY, Park JW, Min J, Hahn C, et al. Development and validation of a smartphone addiction scale (SAS). PLoSOne 2013;8(2):e56936. Doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056936
  • 31. Şar AH. Examination of loneliness and mobil phone addiction problem observed in teenagers from the some variables. The Journal of Academic Social Science Studies International Journal of Social Science 2013; 6(2): 1207-20.
  • 32. Olubusola J, Chidozie M, Oyinade A, Adebimpe O, Taofeek A, Adaobi O. Relationship between physical activity and back extensor muscles' endurance to the risk of low-back pain in school-aged adolescents. TAF Preventive Medicine Bulletin 2011;10(4):415-420.
  • 33. Yang G, Cao J, Li Y, Cheng P, Liu B, Hao Z,et.al. Association between internet addiction and the risk of musculoskeletal pain in Chinese college freshmen – A cross-sectional study. Front. Psychol. 2019;10:1959. Doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01959
  • 34. Kim HJ, Kim JS. The relationship between smartphone use and subjective musculoskeletal symptoms and university students. J PhysTherSci, 2015;27(3):575-79.
  • 35. Gustafsson E, Thomée S, Grimby-Ekman A, Hagberg M. Texting on mobile phones and musculoskeletal disorders in young adults: A five year cohort study. ApplErgon 2017;58:208-14.
  • 36. Günal A, Pekçetin S. Relationship Between Smartphone Addiction and the Pain in Cervical Region-Upper Extremity among University Students. STED 2019;28(2):114-119.
  • 37. Rocha LE, Debert-Ribeiro M. Working conditions, visual fatigue, and mental health among systems analysts in São Paulo, Brazil. Occup Environ Med. 2004;61(1):24–32.
  • 38. Kim DJ, Lim CY, Gu N, Park CY. Visual fatigue induced by viewing a tablet computer with a high-resolution display. Korean J Ophthalmol. 2017;31(5):388-93. Doi: 10.3341/kjo.2016.0095
  • 39. Černja I, Vejmelka L, Rajter M. Internet addiction test: Croatian preliminary study. BMC Psychiatry. 2019;19:388. Doi:10.1186/s12888-019-2366-2
  • 40. Nazik F, Güneş G. Problematic internet usage and healthy lifestyle behaviors in university students. Cukurova Medical Journal, 2019;44(Suppl 1):41-48.

Lise Öğrencilerinde Fiziksel Şikâyetler İnternet Bağımlılığı Belirtisi Olabilir mi?

Year 2021, Volume: 15 Issue: 1, 154 - 163, 09.03.2021
https://doi.org/10.21763/tjfmpc.808995

Abstract

Giriş: Bu çalışmanın amacı lise çağındaki adelosanlarda internet bağımlılık düzeyini ölçmek, internette bulunma süresi ile bel, boyun ağrıları ve göz sağlığı problemleri arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemektir. Yöntem: Çalışma basit kesitsel tanımlayıcı bir çalışmadır. Çalışmaya 8926 lise öğrencisi katıldı. Öğrenciler cinsiyetlerine, okudukları okul tipi ve sınıf dağılımlarına göre küme örnekleme yöntemiyle seçildi. Türkçeye uyarlanmış Young’un kısa internet bağımlılık ölçeği (IAT) kullanıldı. Bulgular: Çalışmaya katılan öğrencilerin yaş ortalaması 15,71±1,14 idi (min=14, maks=18). Öğrencilerin ortalama internet bağımlılık puanı 26,88±8,80’di (min=12, maks=60). Bağımlılık riski yüksek olan öğrencilerin oranı %44,3 (n=3950) iken bağımlı olanların oranı %15,7’di (n=1400). Bağımlılık düzeyi ile bel, boyun ağrısı ve göz rahatsızlıkları arasında anlamlı pozitif ilişki tespit edildi (p<0,001; p<0,001; p<0,001). Öğrencilerin akıllı telefon sahibi olma oranı ise %96,4’tü (n=8606). Akıllı telefon sahibi olmakla bağımlılık düzeyi, boyun ağrısı ve gözlerdeki şikâyetler arasında anlamlı bir pozitif ilişki saptandı (sırasıyla p=0,005; p=0,002; p=0,003).
Çalışmada evinde bilgisayar bulunan öğrencilerin oranı %79,8’di (n=7122). Evinde bilgisayar olanlarda gözlerdeki şikâyetlerin anlamlı olarak daha yüksek olduğu tespit edildi (p<0,001). Sonuç: Adelosanlarda internet bağımlılığı önemli ve yaygın bir sorundur. Adelosan yaşı arttıkça internet bağımlılığı da artmaktadır. Adolesanlar arasında çok yaygın kullanım oranı olan akıllı telefonlar internet bağımlılığının yaygınlaşması için en önemli risk faktörüdür. İnternet bağımlılığı kas-eklem ağrıları ve göz ile ilgili semptomlara sebep olmaktadır. Muayene sırasında bu ilişki de dikkate alınmalıdır.

References

  • 1. Güçdemir Y. Computer networks, internet development and information pollution. Istanbul University Journal of Communication Sciences,2003;17:371-78.
  • 2. Kalaitzaki AE, Birtchnell J. The impact of early parenting bonding on young adults' internet addiction, through the mediation effects of negative relating too thers and sadness. AddictBehav, 2014;39(3):733-36
  • 3. Güneş NA, Akbıyık Dİ, Aypak C, Görpelioğlu S. Social media dependency and sleep quality in high school students. TurkishJournal of FamilyPractice 2018; 22(4):185-192
  • 4. Badenes-Ribera L, Fabris MA, Gastaldi FGM, Prino LE, Longobardi C. Parent and peer attachment as predictors of facebook addiction symptoms in different developmental stages (early adolescents and adolescents). .Addict Behav. 2019;95:226-32.
  • 5. Durualp E, Çiçekoğlu P. Investigation of the loneliness levels of the adolescents who are living in an orphanage in term of internet addiction and various variables. The Journal of Graduate School of Social Sciences 2012; 15(1):29-46.
  • 6. Egger, O. & Rauterberg, G. W. M. Internet behaviour and addiction. Zürich: Swiss Federal Institute of Technology 1996. Accessed from: pure.tue.nl/ws/files/4392817/587150.pdf :131-34. Accessed time:10.10.2020
  • 7. İskender M, Akin A. Social self-efficacy, academiclocus of control, and internet addiction. Computers&Education 2010;54(4):1101-06.
  • 8. Kawyannejad, R, Mirzaei, M, Valinejadi A, Hemmatpour B, Karimpour K, AminiSaman J, et al. General health of students of medical sciences and its relation to sleep quality, cell phone overuse, social networks and internet addiction. BioPsychoSocial Med 2019. Accessed from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13030-019-0150-7 Accesed time:10.10.2020
  • 9. Ayas T, Horzum MB. Internet addiction and internet parental style of primary school students. Turkish psychological counselling and guidance journal 2013; 4(39):46-57
  • 10. Young SK. Internet addiction. Am BehavSci 2004; 48(4):402-15.
  • 11. Kutlu M, Savcı M, Demir Y, Aysan F. Turkish adaptation of Young’s Internet Addiction Test-Short Form: a reliability and validity study on university students and adolescents. AnatolianJournal of Psychiatry 2016;17(Suppl.1):69-76
  • 12. Zhang MWB, Lim RBC, Lee C, Ho RCM. Prevalence of internet addiction in medical Students: a meta-analysis. Acad Psychiatry. 2018;42(1):88-93. Doi: 10.1007/s40596-017-0794-1.
  • 13. Özgen F, Bavlı Ö. Investigation of internet addiction and personality relationship among university students. IJSETS 2017;3(4):129-41.
  • 14. Chung TWH, Sum SMY, Chan MWL. Adolescent internet addiction in Hong Kong: Prevalence, psychosocial correlates, and prevention. J Adolesc Health. 2019; 64(6):34-43. Doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2018.12.016.
  • 15. Lau JTF, Gross DL, Wu AMS, Cheng KM, Lau MMC. Incidence and predictive factors of internet addiction among Chinese secondary school students in Hong Kong: a longitudinalstudy. SocPsychiatryPsychiatrEpidemiol, 2017;52(6):657-67.
  • 16. Bilyk B, Goodman R. Prevalence of child and adolescent psychiatric disorders in Southeast Brazil. Journal of The American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 2004;43(6):727- 34.
  • 17. Cash H, Rae CD, Steel AH, Winkler A. Internet addiction: A brief summary of research and practice. Curr Psychiatry Rev. 2012; 8(4):292‐98. Doi:10.2174/157340012803520513
  • 18. Satan A. The factors influencing the internet addiction of secondary education students. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research 2013; 13:131-48.
  • 19. Sayyah M, Khanafereh S. Prevalence of internet addiction among medical students: a study from Southwestern Iran. CentEur J PublicHealth. 2019;27(4):326-29. Doi: 10.21101/cejph.a5171.
  • 20. Mazhari S. The prevalence of problematic internet use and the related factors in medical students, Kerman, Iran. AddictHealth 2012; 4 (3-4):87-94.
  • 21. Cao H, Sun Y, Wan Y, Hao J, Tao F. Problematic internet use in Chinese adolescents and its relation to psychosomatic symptoms and life satisfaction. BMC Public Health. 2011;11:802. Doi:10.1186/1471-2458-11-802.
  • 22. Dufour M, Brunelle N, Tremblay J, Leclerc D, Cousineau MM, Khazaal Y, et al. Gender difference in internet use and internet problems among Quebec High School students. Can J Psychiatry. 2016; 61(10):663-68. Doi: 10.1177/0706743716640755
  • 23. Qian D. Gender, grade and personality differences in internet addiction and positive psychological health among Chinese college students. Primary Health Care 2016;06. Doi:10.4172/2167-1079.1000248.
  • 24. Öksüz Ö, Karaca F. Internet addiction of gender, with problem internet use, cyber bullying and cyber effects on victimal variables: a meta analysis study, 2019. Accessed from: https://katalog.marmara.edu.tr/veriler/yordambt/cokluortam/44177FB8-D508-6E46-8FEA-5A8DEA97B413/5d836b49e41b3.pdf. Accessed time:10.10.2020
  • 25. Lawal AM, Idemudia ES. Gender difference, class level and the role of internet addiction and loneliness on sexual compulsivity among secondary school students. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth 2018;23(4):422-30 Doi:10.1080/02673843.2017.1406380
  • 26. Wu X, Chen X, Han J, Meng H, Luo J, Nyndegger L, et al. Prevalence and factors of addictive Internet use among adolescents in Wuhan, China: interactions of parental relationship with age and hyperactivity-impulsivity. PLoSOne. 2013;8(4):e61782. Doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0061782.
  • 27. Moral R, Kumcağız H. Internet addiction in adolescence: Evaluation from mother, father and peer relationship perspectives. ODU Journal of social sciences research 2019; 9(2):335-46.
  • 28. Li X,Luo X, Zheng R, Jin X, Mei L, Xie X, et al. The role of depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and school functioning in the association between peer victimization and internet addiction: A moderated mediation model. Journal of Affective Disorders 2019; 256(1):125-31.
  • 29. Savcı M, Aysan F. Technological Addictions and Social Connectedness: The Predictor Effect of Internet Addiction, Social Media Addiction, Digital Game Addiction and Smartphone Addiction on Social Connectedness. TheJournal of PsychiatryandNeurologicalScience 2017; 30:202-16.
  • 30. Kwon M, Lee JY, Won WY, Park JW, Min J, Hahn C, et al. Development and validation of a smartphone addiction scale (SAS). PLoSOne 2013;8(2):e56936. Doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056936
  • 31. Şar AH. Examination of loneliness and mobil phone addiction problem observed in teenagers from the some variables. The Journal of Academic Social Science Studies International Journal of Social Science 2013; 6(2): 1207-20.
  • 32. Olubusola J, Chidozie M, Oyinade A, Adebimpe O, Taofeek A, Adaobi O. Relationship between physical activity and back extensor muscles' endurance to the risk of low-back pain in school-aged adolescents. TAF Preventive Medicine Bulletin 2011;10(4):415-420.
  • 33. Yang G, Cao J, Li Y, Cheng P, Liu B, Hao Z,et.al. Association between internet addiction and the risk of musculoskeletal pain in Chinese college freshmen – A cross-sectional study. Front. Psychol. 2019;10:1959. Doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01959
  • 34. Kim HJ, Kim JS. The relationship between smartphone use and subjective musculoskeletal symptoms and university students. J PhysTherSci, 2015;27(3):575-79.
  • 35. Gustafsson E, Thomée S, Grimby-Ekman A, Hagberg M. Texting on mobile phones and musculoskeletal disorders in young adults: A five year cohort study. ApplErgon 2017;58:208-14.
  • 36. Günal A, Pekçetin S. Relationship Between Smartphone Addiction and the Pain in Cervical Region-Upper Extremity among University Students. STED 2019;28(2):114-119.
  • 37. Rocha LE, Debert-Ribeiro M. Working conditions, visual fatigue, and mental health among systems analysts in São Paulo, Brazil. Occup Environ Med. 2004;61(1):24–32.
  • 38. Kim DJ, Lim CY, Gu N, Park CY. Visual fatigue induced by viewing a tablet computer with a high-resolution display. Korean J Ophthalmol. 2017;31(5):388-93. Doi: 10.3341/kjo.2016.0095
  • 39. Černja I, Vejmelka L, Rajter M. Internet addiction test: Croatian preliminary study. BMC Psychiatry. 2019;19:388. Doi:10.1186/s12888-019-2366-2
  • 40. Nazik F, Güneş G. Problematic internet usage and healthy lifestyle behaviors in university students. Cukurova Medical Journal, 2019;44(Suppl 1):41-48.
There are 40 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects ​Internal Diseases, Public Health, Environmental Health
Journal Section Orijinal Articles
Authors

Gökmen Özceylan 0000-0002-2388-4158

Dilek Toprak 0000-0001-5119-9089

Nurhan Dogan 0000-0001-7224-6091

Publication Date March 9, 2021
Submission Date October 11, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 15 Issue: 1

Cite

Vancouver Özceylan G, Toprak D, Dogan N. Can Physical Complaints in High School Students be Symptoms of Internet Addiction?. TJFMPC. 2021;15(1):154-63.

English or Turkish manuscripts from authors with new knowledge to contribute to understanding and improving health and primary care are welcome.