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The Relationship between Fear of Childbirth and the Desire to Avoid Pregnancy among Young Unmarried Women

Year 2022, Volume: 16 Issue: 4, 736 - 743, 23.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.21763/tjfmpc.1132535

Abstract

Objectives: This study was conducted to determine the relationship between fear of childbirth among young unmarried women and their desire to avoid pregnancy. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out using a web-based survey shared with young unmarried women through young unmarried women’s groups on social media and communication platforms (WhatsApp, Facebook Messenger, Instagram, etc.). The sample of the study consisted of 551 women who voluntarily agreed to fill out the survey. To collect the data, a Personal Information Form, the Desire to Avoid Pregnancy (DAP) Scale, and the Childbirth Fear - Prior to Pregnancy Scale (CF-PPS) were used. Results: According to the results of the study, there was a positive, weak, and statistically significant relationship between CF-PPS and DAP (p<0.001). It was found that the participants had moderate levels of fear of childbirth and moderate levels of desire to avoid pregnancy. Additionally, it was determined that the fear of childbirth and desire to avoid pregnancy levels of the participants who were not working and those who were at or over the age of 24 were the lowest, and the fear of childbirth and desire to avoid pregnancy levels of the participants who had not witnessed/watched childbirth before and those who did not envision their labor were high. Conclusions: Consequently, it was determined that women who experience the fear of childbirth may display behaviors of avoiding pregnancy. Accordingly, it may be argued that reducing the childbirth fear levels of young unmarried women is highly important for their experience of healthy pregnancies. Thus, it is recommended to provide effective counseling for young unmarried women regarding pregnancy and childbirth.

Supporting Institution

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Project Number

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References

  • 1. Stoll K, Hauck Y, Downe S, Edmonds J, Gross MM, Malott A, et al. Cross-cultural development and psychometric evaluation of a measure to assess fear of childbirth prior to pregnancy. Sex Reprod Healthc. 2016;8:49-54.
  • 2. Möller L. Health, obstetric outcomes and reproduction in women with vulvar pain or primary fear of childbirth: Linköping University Electronic Press; 2019. Web page:https://books.google.com.tr/books?id=NoGWDwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=tr&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false. Date of Access: 10.06.2022
  • 3. Gönenç İ M, Aker MN, Güven H, Moraloğlu Tekin Ö. The effect of the personality traits of pregnant women on the fear of childbirth. Perspect Psychiatr Care. 2020;56(2):347-54.
  • 4. Stoll K, Hall WA. Attitudes and preferences of young women with low and high fear of childbirth. Qual Health Res. 2013;23(11):1495-505.
  • 5. Rocca CH, Ralph LJ, Wilson M, Gould H, Foster DG. Psychometric Evaluation of an Instrument to Measure Prospective Pregnancy Preferences: The Desire to Avoid Pregnancy Scale. Med Care. 2019;57(2):152-8.
  • 6. Uçar T, Gölbaşı Z. Nedenleri ve sonuçlarıyla doğum korkusu. İnönü Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2015;4(2):54-8.
  • 7. Karataş Okyay E, Güney E, Uçar T. Gebelikten kaçınma ölçeğinin Türkçe uyarlaması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. In: Srivastava A, Rahimova S, editors. World Women Conference-II; Baku, Azerbaijan 2021:59-60
  • 8. Uçar T, Taşhan ST. Gebelik öncesi doğum korkusu ölçeğinin Türkçe uyarlaması: kadın ve erkeklerde geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Acıbadem Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2018(3):289-96.
  • 9. Gür EY, Özer BU, Apay SE. Çocuksuz Bireylerde Gebelik Öncesi Doğum Korkusu: Tanımlayıcı-Kesitsel Çalışma. Türkiye Klinikleri Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2021:1-8.
  • 10. Weitzman A, Barber J, Kusunoki Y, England P. Desire for and to Avoid Pregnancy during the Transition to Adulthood. J Marriage Fam. 2017;79(4):1060-75.
  • 11. Fenwick J, Gamble J, Nathan E, Bayes S, Hauck Y. Pre- and postpartum levels of childbirth fear and the relationship to birth outcomes in a cohort of Australian women. J Clin Nurs. 2009;18(5):667-77.
  • 12. Greenfield M, Jomeen J, Glover L. 'It Can't Be Like Last Time' - Choices Made in Early Pregnancy by Women Who Have Previously Experienced a Traumatic Birth. Front Psychol. 2019;10:56.
  • 13. James S. Women's experiences of symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after traumatic childbirth: a review and critical appraisal. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2015;18(6):761-71.
  • 14. Bakshi R, Mehta A, Mehta A, Sharma B. Tokophobia: Fear of pregnancy and childbirth. The Internet Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics. 2008;10(1):9-11.
  • 15. Sydsjö G, Angerbjörn L, Palmquist S, Bladh M, Sydsjö A, Josefsson A. Secondary fear of childbirth prolongs the time to subsequent delivery. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2013;92(2):210-4.
  • 16. Edmonds JK, Cwiertniewicz T, Stoll K. Childbirth Education Prior to Pregnancy? Survey Findings of Childbirth Preferences and Attitudes Among Young Women. J Perinat Educ. 2015;24(2):93-101.
  • 17. Stoll K, Hall W, Janssen P, Carty E. Why are young Canadians afraid of birth? A survey study of childbirth fear and birth preferences among Canadian University students. Midwifery. 2014;30(2):220-6.
  • 18. Stoll K, Hall W. Vicarious birth experiences and childbirth fear: does it matter how young canadian women learn about birth? J Perinat Educ. 2013;22(4):226-33.
  • 19. Hauck YL, Stoll KH, Hall WA, Downie J. Association between childbirth attitudes and fear on birth preferences of a future generation of Australian parents. Women Birth. 2016;29(6):511-7.
  • 20. Laursen M, Hedegaard M, Johansen C. Fear of childbirth: predictors and temporal changes among nulliparous women in the Danish National Birth Cohort. Bjog. 2008;115(3):354-60.
  • 21. Saisto T, Halmesmäki E. Fear of childbirth: a neglected dilemma. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2003;82(3):201-8.
  • 22. Gao LL, Liu XJ, Fu BL, Xie W. Predictors of childbirth fear among pregnant Chinese women: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey. Midwifery. 2015;31(9):865-70.
  • 23. Çiçek Ö, Samiye M. Sık karşılaşılan bir sorun: Doğum korkusu. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi. 2015;8(4):263-8.
  • 24. Bachrach CA, Morgan SP. A Cognitive-Social Model of Fertility Intentions. Popul Dev Rev. 2013;39(3):459-85.
  • 25. Størksen HT, Garthus-Niegel S, Vangen S, Eberhard-Gran M. The impact of previous birth experiences on maternal fear of childbirth. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2013;92(3):318-324.
  • 26. Rouhe H, Salmela-Aro K, Halmesmäki E, Saisto T. Fear of childbirth according to parity, gestational age, and obstetric history. Bjog. 2009;116(1):67-73.

Genç Bekâr Kadınlarda Doğum Korkusunun Gebelikten Kaçınma Arzusuyla İlişkisi

Year 2022, Volume: 16 Issue: 4, 736 - 743, 23.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.21763/tjfmpc.1132535

Abstract

Amaç: Bu araştırma, genç bekâr kadınlarda doğum korkusunun gebelikten kaçınma arzusuyla ilişkisini belirlemek amacıyla yapıldı. Gereç ve Yöntem: Araştırma sosyal medyada (WhatsApp, Facebook Messenger, Instagram gibi) genç bekâr kadın grupları aracılığıyla, web tabanlı bir çevrimiçi anket kullanılarak gerçekleştirildi. Araştırmanın örneklemini anketi doldurmaya gönüllü 551 kadın oluşturdu. Araştırma anketleri Google formları uygulaması kullanılarak geliştirildi. Veriler toplanırken Kişisel Bilgi Formu, Gebelikten Kaçınma Ölçeği (GKÖ) ve Kadın Gebelik Öncesi Doğum Korkusu Ölçeği (KGÖ-DKÖ) kullanıldı. Bulgular: Çalışma sonucuna göre KGÖ-DKÖ ve GKÖ arasında pozitif yönde, zayıf düzeyde ilişki olduğu ve bu ilişkinin istatistiksel olarak önemli olduğu belirlendi (p<0.001). Araştırmaya katılan bekâr kadınların orta düzeyde doğum korkusu yaşadığı ve yine orta düzeyde gebelikten kaçınma arzusuna sahip oldukları belirlendi. Ayrıca, çalışmayan ve 24 yaş ve üzerindeki bekâr kadınların doğum korkusu ve gebelikten kaçınma düzeylerinin en düşük olduğu, daha önce doğum görmeyen/izlemeyenlerin ve kendi doğumunu hayal etmeyenlerin doğum korkusu ve gebelikten kaçınma düzeylerinin ise yüksek olduğu belirlendi. Sonuçlar: Çalışma sonucunda doğum korkusu yaşayan kadınların gebelikten kaçınma davranışı sergileyebilecekleri belirlendi. Buna göre genç bekâr kadınların doğuma yönelik korkularının azaltılmasının, sağlıklı gebelik yaşamalarında oldukça önemli olduğu söylenebilir. Bundan dolayı genç bekâr kadınlara, gebelik ve doğuma yönelik etkin danışmanlık yapılması önerilir.

Project Number

-

References

  • 1. Stoll K, Hauck Y, Downe S, Edmonds J, Gross MM, Malott A, et al. Cross-cultural development and psychometric evaluation of a measure to assess fear of childbirth prior to pregnancy. Sex Reprod Healthc. 2016;8:49-54.
  • 2. Möller L. Health, obstetric outcomes and reproduction in women with vulvar pain or primary fear of childbirth: Linköping University Electronic Press; 2019. Web page:https://books.google.com.tr/books?id=NoGWDwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=tr&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false. Date of Access: 10.06.2022
  • 3. Gönenç İ M, Aker MN, Güven H, Moraloğlu Tekin Ö. The effect of the personality traits of pregnant women on the fear of childbirth. Perspect Psychiatr Care. 2020;56(2):347-54.
  • 4. Stoll K, Hall WA. Attitudes and preferences of young women with low and high fear of childbirth. Qual Health Res. 2013;23(11):1495-505.
  • 5. Rocca CH, Ralph LJ, Wilson M, Gould H, Foster DG. Psychometric Evaluation of an Instrument to Measure Prospective Pregnancy Preferences: The Desire to Avoid Pregnancy Scale. Med Care. 2019;57(2):152-8.
  • 6. Uçar T, Gölbaşı Z. Nedenleri ve sonuçlarıyla doğum korkusu. İnönü Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2015;4(2):54-8.
  • 7. Karataş Okyay E, Güney E, Uçar T. Gebelikten kaçınma ölçeğinin Türkçe uyarlaması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. In: Srivastava A, Rahimova S, editors. World Women Conference-II; Baku, Azerbaijan 2021:59-60
  • 8. Uçar T, Taşhan ST. Gebelik öncesi doğum korkusu ölçeğinin Türkçe uyarlaması: kadın ve erkeklerde geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Acıbadem Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2018(3):289-96.
  • 9. Gür EY, Özer BU, Apay SE. Çocuksuz Bireylerde Gebelik Öncesi Doğum Korkusu: Tanımlayıcı-Kesitsel Çalışma. Türkiye Klinikleri Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2021:1-8.
  • 10. Weitzman A, Barber J, Kusunoki Y, England P. Desire for and to Avoid Pregnancy during the Transition to Adulthood. J Marriage Fam. 2017;79(4):1060-75.
  • 11. Fenwick J, Gamble J, Nathan E, Bayes S, Hauck Y. Pre- and postpartum levels of childbirth fear and the relationship to birth outcomes in a cohort of Australian women. J Clin Nurs. 2009;18(5):667-77.
  • 12. Greenfield M, Jomeen J, Glover L. 'It Can't Be Like Last Time' - Choices Made in Early Pregnancy by Women Who Have Previously Experienced a Traumatic Birth. Front Psychol. 2019;10:56.
  • 13. James S. Women's experiences of symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after traumatic childbirth: a review and critical appraisal. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2015;18(6):761-71.
  • 14. Bakshi R, Mehta A, Mehta A, Sharma B. Tokophobia: Fear of pregnancy and childbirth. The Internet Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics. 2008;10(1):9-11.
  • 15. Sydsjö G, Angerbjörn L, Palmquist S, Bladh M, Sydsjö A, Josefsson A. Secondary fear of childbirth prolongs the time to subsequent delivery. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2013;92(2):210-4.
  • 16. Edmonds JK, Cwiertniewicz T, Stoll K. Childbirth Education Prior to Pregnancy? Survey Findings of Childbirth Preferences and Attitudes Among Young Women. J Perinat Educ. 2015;24(2):93-101.
  • 17. Stoll K, Hall W, Janssen P, Carty E. Why are young Canadians afraid of birth? A survey study of childbirth fear and birth preferences among Canadian University students. Midwifery. 2014;30(2):220-6.
  • 18. Stoll K, Hall W. Vicarious birth experiences and childbirth fear: does it matter how young canadian women learn about birth? J Perinat Educ. 2013;22(4):226-33.
  • 19. Hauck YL, Stoll KH, Hall WA, Downie J. Association between childbirth attitudes and fear on birth preferences of a future generation of Australian parents. Women Birth. 2016;29(6):511-7.
  • 20. Laursen M, Hedegaard M, Johansen C. Fear of childbirth: predictors and temporal changes among nulliparous women in the Danish National Birth Cohort. Bjog. 2008;115(3):354-60.
  • 21. Saisto T, Halmesmäki E. Fear of childbirth: a neglected dilemma. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2003;82(3):201-8.
  • 22. Gao LL, Liu XJ, Fu BL, Xie W. Predictors of childbirth fear among pregnant Chinese women: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey. Midwifery. 2015;31(9):865-70.
  • 23. Çiçek Ö, Samiye M. Sık karşılaşılan bir sorun: Doğum korkusu. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi. 2015;8(4):263-8.
  • 24. Bachrach CA, Morgan SP. A Cognitive-Social Model of Fertility Intentions. Popul Dev Rev. 2013;39(3):459-85.
  • 25. Størksen HT, Garthus-Niegel S, Vangen S, Eberhard-Gran M. The impact of previous birth experiences on maternal fear of childbirth. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2013;92(3):318-324.
  • 26. Rouhe H, Salmela-Aro K, Halmesmäki E, Saisto T. Fear of childbirth according to parity, gestational age, and obstetric history. Bjog. 2009;116(1):67-73.
There are 26 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Orijinal Articles
Authors

Esra Güney 0000-0002-9679-9325

Esra Karataş Okyay 0000-0002-6443-8277

Tuba Uçar 0000-0002-4450-6826

Project Number -
Publication Date December 23, 2022
Submission Date June 18, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 16 Issue: 4

Cite

Vancouver Güney E, Karataş Okyay E, Uçar T. The Relationship between Fear of Childbirth and the Desire to Avoid Pregnancy among Young Unmarried Women. TJFMPC. 2022;16(4):736-43.

English or Turkish manuscripts from authors with new knowledge to contribute to understanding and improving health and primary care are welcome.