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POSTMENAPOZAL DÖNEMDEKİ KRONİK BEL AĞRILI KADINLARDA KİNEZYOFOBİYİ ETKİLEYEN FAKTÖRLERİN YAPISAL EŞİTLİK MODELİ İLE İNCELENMESİ

Year 2021, Volume: 32 Issue: 3, 22 - 31, 21.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.21653/tjpr.797833

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, postmenopozal dönemdeki kronik bel ağrılı (KBA) kadınlarda ağrı, özür,
kinezyofobi ve anksiyete düzeyini etkileyen faktörleri yapısal eşitlik modeli (YEM) ile incelemekti.
Yöntem: Çalışma 200 kadınla gerçekleştirildi. Tampa Kinezyofobi Ölçeği Kısa formu 11, Hastane
Anksiyete ve Depresyon Ölçeği, Roland Morris Engellilik Anketi ve Vizüel Analog Skalası kullanıldı.
YEM hipotetik olarak modeller tasarlanarak kinezyofobi ile anksiyete, ağrı şiddeti ve özür düzeyi
arasındaki karmaşık etkileşimlerin yönünü ve gücünü analiz etmek için kullanıldı. Ağrı şiddeti
ortalamaları 5,98±2,39 idi.
Sonuçlar: Kadınların yaş ortalaması 58,00±8,39 yıldı. Katılımcıların menapoza girdikleri yaş
ortalaması 45,75±5,95 idi. Kinezyofobi puan ortalaması 25,97±8,57. Anksiyete risk ortalaması
14,74±11,27; depresyon risk ortalaması 12,39±10,51 idi. Yapısal eşitlik analizi sonucunda
oluşturulan son model; ağrı şiddeti, anksiyete ve özürlülük düzeyiyle kinezyofobi etkileşimini
açıklamada yeterli bulundu (ki-kare=21,37; df=28; p=0,810). Anksiyete; kinezyofobi, ağrı şiddeti ve
özürlülük arasındaki ilişkide güçlü bir mediatör olarak bulundu.
Tartışma: Çalışma, YEM’in kinezyofobi ile ağrı şiddeti, anksiyete ve özür arasındaki ilişkileri
açıklamak için uygun bir yöntem olduğunu gösterdi. Bu çalışmada oluşturulan model, anksiyetenin
postmenopozal dönemdeki kronik bel ağrılı kadınlarda güçlü bir mediatör olduğunu ortaya koydu.

References

  • Referans1 E Silva AVS, Lacativa PGS, Russo LAT, Gregorio LH, Pinheiro RAC et al. Association of back pain with hypovitaminosis D in postmenopausal women with low bone mass. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2013:14-184. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2474-14-184.
  • Referans2 Uluğ N, Yakut Y, Alemdaroğlu İ, Yılmaz Ö. Comparison of pain, kinesiophobia and quality of life in patients with low back and neck pain. J Phys Ther Sci. 2016;28:665-670. https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.28.665.
  • Referans3 Kori SH. Kinesophobia: a new view of chronic pain behaviour. Pain Manage. 1990:3:35-43.
  • Referans4 Hapidou EG, O'Brien MA, Pierrynowski MR, Las Heras E, Patla T. Fear and avoidance of movement in people with chronic pain: psychometric properties of the 11-Item Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK-11). Physiother Can. 2012;64:235-241. https://doi.org/10.3138/ptc.2011-10.
  • Referans5 Tinetti ME. Performance‐oriented assessment of mobility problems in elderly patients J Am Geriatr Soc. 1986;34:119-126. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.1986.tb05480.x
  • Referans6 Grahn B, Ekdahl C, Borgquist L. Effects of a multidisciplinary rehabilitation programme on health-related quality of life in patients with prolonged musculoskeletal disorders: a 6-month follow-up of a prospective controlled study. Disabil Rehabil. 1998;20:285-297. https://doi.org/10.3109/09638289809166084.
  • Referans7 Flores-Ramos M, Silvestri Tomassoni R, Guerrero-López JB, Salinas M. Evaluation of trait and state anxiety levels in a group of peri-and postmenopausal women. Women Health. 2018;58: 305-319. https://doi.org/10.1080/03630242.2017.1296059.
  • Referans8 Manchikanti L, Singh V, Datta S, Cohen SP, Hirsch JA et al. Comprehensive Review of Epidemiology, Scope, and Impact of Spinal Pain. Pain Physician. 2009;12:35-70. PMID:19668291 Referans9 Wáng YXJ, Wáng JQ, Káplár Z. Increased low back pain prevalence in females than in males after menopause age: evidences based on synthetic literature review. Quant Imaging Med Surg. 2016;6:199-206. https://doi.org/10.21037/qims.2016.04.06
  • Referans10 Hoyle RH (ed),. Handbook of structural equation modeling. Newyork: A Division of Guilford Publications. 2012
  • Referans11 Raykov T, Marcoulides GA. A first course in structural equation modeling 2dn ed. Lawrence Erlbaum Associate. 2012: p. 147-173.
  • Referans12 Erden A, Altuğ F, Malkoç A, Akgül Kocabal A. Investigation Of The Relationship Between Kinesiophobia, Pain, Anxiety-Depression Status And Quality Of Life In Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis Before Surgery. OTSHD. 2016;7:1-17. https://doi.org/10.17372/OTSHD.2016.7.16650.
  • Referans13 Woby SR, Roach NK, Urmston M, Watson PJ. Psychometric properties of the TSK-11: a shortened version of the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia. Pain. 2005;117:137-144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2005.05.029.
  • Referans14 George SZ, Lentz TA, Zeppieri Jr G, Lee D, Chmielewski TL. Analysis of shortened versions of the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia and Pain Catastrophizing Scale for patients following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Clin J Pain. 2012;28:73-80. https://doi.org/10.1097/AJP.0b013e31822363f4.
  • Referans15 Yilmaz ÖT, Yakut Y, Uygur F, Uluğ N.Turkish version of the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia and its test-retest reliability. Turk J Physiother Reh. 2011;22:44-49.
  • Referans16 Zigmond AS, Snaith RP.The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Acta Psychiatr Scan. 1983;67:361-370. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x.
  • Referans17 Aydemir Ö, Guvenir T, Kuey L, Kultur S.Validity and reliability of Turkish version of hospital anxiety and depression scale. Turk Physciatry Derg. 1997;8:280-287.
  • Referans18 Bezircioğlu İ, Gülseren L, Öniz A, Kındıroğlu N.Menopoz Öncesi ve Sonras› Dönemde Depresyon-Anksiyete ve Yetiyitimi. Turk Physciatry Derg. 2004;15:199-207. PMID: 15362004
  • Referans19 Küçükdeveci AA, Tennant A, Elhan AH, Niyazoğlı H. Validation of the Turkish version of the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire for use in low back pain. Spine. 2001;26:2738-43. https://doi.org/10.1097/00007632-200112150-00024.
  • Referans20 Hooper D, Coughlan J, Mullen M. Structural equation modelling: Guidelines for determining model fit. EJBRM. 2008;6:53-60.
  • Referans21 Altuğ F, Ünal A, Kilavuz G, Kavlak K, Çitişli V et al. Investigation of the relationship between kinesiophobia, physical activity level and quality of life in patients with chronic low back pain. J Back and Musculoskelet Rehabil. 2016;29:527-531. https://doi.org/10.3233/BMR-150653
  • Referans22 Branström H., Fahlström M.Kinesiophobia in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain: differences between men and women. J Rehabil Med. 2008;40:375-380. https://doi.org/10.2340/16501977-0186.
  • Referans23 Durmaz T. Investigation of the factors effect on low back pain in postmenopausal women. 15th World Congress on Menopause.28 September-01 October, 2016.Prague. Climacteric; 2016;19(sup1):p48
  • Referans24 Smedstad LM, Mourn T, Vaglum P, Kvien TK. The impact of early rheumatoid arthritis on psychological distress. Scand J Rheumatol. 1996;25:377-382. https://doi.org/10.3109/03009749609065649.
  • Referans25 Bair MJ, Wu J, Damush TM, Sutherland JM, Kroenke K. Association of depression and anxiety alone and in combination with chronic musculoskeletal pain in primary care patients. Psychosom Med. 2008;70:890. https://doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0b013e318185c510.
  • Referans 26 Yazıcı K, Tot Ş, Biçer A, Yazıcı A, Buturak V.Anxiety, Depression and Quality of Life in Patients with Lowback Pain and Neck Pair. J Clin Psychol. 2003;6:95-101.
  • Referans 27 Casten RJ, Parmelee PA, Kleban MH, Lawton MP, Katz IR. The relationships among anxiety, depression, and pain in a geriatric institutionalized sample. Pain. 1995;61:271-276. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3959(94)00185-h.
  • Referans28 Kuch K, Cox B, Evans RJ, Watson PC, Bubela C. To what extent do anxiety and depression interact with chronic pain? Can J Psychiatry. 1993;38:36-38. https://doi.org/10.1177/070674379303800110.
  • Referans29 Dündar Ü, Özlem S, Demirdal ÜS, Toktas H, Kavuncu V. Relation of pain, disability and depression with quality of life in patients with chronic low back pain. Genel Tip Derg. 2009;19:99-104.
  • Referans30 Güçlü DG, Güçlü O, Ozaner A, Şenormancı O, Konkan R. The relationship between disability, quality of life and fear-avoidance beliefs in patients with chronic low back pain. Turk Neurosurg. 2012;22:724-731. https://doi.org/10.5137/1019-5149.JTN.6156-12.1.
  • Referans31 Korkmaz N, Akinci A, Yörükan S, Sürücü HS, Saraçbaşi O, Ozçakar L. Validation and Reliability of the Turkish Version of the Fear Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire in Patients With Low Back Pain. Eur J Phys Rehabil M. 2009;45:527-35. PMID: 20032912
  • Referans32 Cederbom S, Söderlund A, Denison A, Wagert PH. Chronic pain among older women living alone. A study focusing on disability and morale. Eur J Physiother. 2014;16:139-150. https://doi.org/10.3109/21679169.2014.893448.
  • Referans33 Helminen EE, Sinikallio SH, Valjakka AL, Väisänen-Rouvali RH, Arokoski JPA. Determinants of pain and functioning in knee osteoarthritis: a one-year prospective study. Clin Rehabil. 2016;30:890-900. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269215515619660.
  • Referans34 Larsson C, Hansson EE, Sundquist K, Jakobsson U. Kinesiophobia and its relation to pain characteristics and cognitive affective variables in older adults with chronic pain. BMC Geriatrics. 2016;16:128. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-016-0302-6.
  • Referans35 Demoulin C, Huijnen IPJ, Somville PR, et al. Relationship between different measures of pain-related fear and physical capacity of the spine in patients with chronic low back pain. Spine J. 2013;13:1039-1047. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spinee.2013.02.037.
  • Referans36 Felício DC, Pereira DS, Queiroz BZD, Silvia JP, Leopoldino AAO, Pereira LSM. Kinesiophobia is not associated with disability in elderly women with acute low back pain: back complaints in the elders (BACE) Brazil study results. Spine J. 2016;16:619-625. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spinee.2016.01.004.

STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELLING TO EXAMINE THE AFFECTED FACTORS OF KINESIOPHOBIA IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN WITH CHRONIC LOW BACK PAIN

Year 2021, Volume: 32 Issue: 3, 22 - 31, 21.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.21653/tjpr.797833

Abstract

Purpose: The pragmatic aim of this study was to show affected factors including pain, disability
level, and anxiety of kinesiophobia using structural equation modeling (SEM) in postmenopausal
women with chronic low back pain (CLBP).
Methods: The study was conducted with 200 women aged 45–75 years. Tampa Scale for
Kinesiophobia 11, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire,
and Visual Analog Scale were used. The SEM was also used to analyze the direction and power
of complex interactions between kinesiophobia and anxiety, pain intensity, and disability level by
using hypothetically designed models. The average pain intensity was 5.98 (2.39).
Results: The average age of the women was 58.00±8.39 years. The average menopausal age was
45.75±5.95. The average kinesiophobia point was 25.97±8.57. Anxiety risk score was 14.74±11.27;
depression risk score was 12.39±10.51. The SEM analysis outcome showed that the final model
was expository kinesiophobia with pain, anxiety, and disability level (chi-square=21.37; df=28;
p=0.810). Anxiety was found as a strong mediator in the relationship between kinesiophobia and
pain intensity and disability.
Conclusion: This study showed that SEM was appropriate method to explain relationships between
kinesiophobia and pain, anxiety, and disability. The created model also showed that anxiety was a
strong mediator in postmenopausal women with CLBP.

References

  • Referans1 E Silva AVS, Lacativa PGS, Russo LAT, Gregorio LH, Pinheiro RAC et al. Association of back pain with hypovitaminosis D in postmenopausal women with low bone mass. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2013:14-184. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2474-14-184.
  • Referans2 Uluğ N, Yakut Y, Alemdaroğlu İ, Yılmaz Ö. Comparison of pain, kinesiophobia and quality of life in patients with low back and neck pain. J Phys Ther Sci. 2016;28:665-670. https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.28.665.
  • Referans3 Kori SH. Kinesophobia: a new view of chronic pain behaviour. Pain Manage. 1990:3:35-43.
  • Referans4 Hapidou EG, O'Brien MA, Pierrynowski MR, Las Heras E, Patla T. Fear and avoidance of movement in people with chronic pain: psychometric properties of the 11-Item Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK-11). Physiother Can. 2012;64:235-241. https://doi.org/10.3138/ptc.2011-10.
  • Referans5 Tinetti ME. Performance‐oriented assessment of mobility problems in elderly patients J Am Geriatr Soc. 1986;34:119-126. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.1986.tb05480.x
  • Referans6 Grahn B, Ekdahl C, Borgquist L. Effects of a multidisciplinary rehabilitation programme on health-related quality of life in patients with prolonged musculoskeletal disorders: a 6-month follow-up of a prospective controlled study. Disabil Rehabil. 1998;20:285-297. https://doi.org/10.3109/09638289809166084.
  • Referans7 Flores-Ramos M, Silvestri Tomassoni R, Guerrero-López JB, Salinas M. Evaluation of trait and state anxiety levels in a group of peri-and postmenopausal women. Women Health. 2018;58: 305-319. https://doi.org/10.1080/03630242.2017.1296059.
  • Referans8 Manchikanti L, Singh V, Datta S, Cohen SP, Hirsch JA et al. Comprehensive Review of Epidemiology, Scope, and Impact of Spinal Pain. Pain Physician. 2009;12:35-70. PMID:19668291 Referans9 Wáng YXJ, Wáng JQ, Káplár Z. Increased low back pain prevalence in females than in males after menopause age: evidences based on synthetic literature review. Quant Imaging Med Surg. 2016;6:199-206. https://doi.org/10.21037/qims.2016.04.06
  • Referans10 Hoyle RH (ed),. Handbook of structural equation modeling. Newyork: A Division of Guilford Publications. 2012
  • Referans11 Raykov T, Marcoulides GA. A first course in structural equation modeling 2dn ed. Lawrence Erlbaum Associate. 2012: p. 147-173.
  • Referans12 Erden A, Altuğ F, Malkoç A, Akgül Kocabal A. Investigation Of The Relationship Between Kinesiophobia, Pain, Anxiety-Depression Status And Quality Of Life In Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis Before Surgery. OTSHD. 2016;7:1-17. https://doi.org/10.17372/OTSHD.2016.7.16650.
  • Referans13 Woby SR, Roach NK, Urmston M, Watson PJ. Psychometric properties of the TSK-11: a shortened version of the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia. Pain. 2005;117:137-144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2005.05.029.
  • Referans14 George SZ, Lentz TA, Zeppieri Jr G, Lee D, Chmielewski TL. Analysis of shortened versions of the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia and Pain Catastrophizing Scale for patients following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Clin J Pain. 2012;28:73-80. https://doi.org/10.1097/AJP.0b013e31822363f4.
  • Referans15 Yilmaz ÖT, Yakut Y, Uygur F, Uluğ N.Turkish version of the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia and its test-retest reliability. Turk J Physiother Reh. 2011;22:44-49.
  • Referans16 Zigmond AS, Snaith RP.The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Acta Psychiatr Scan. 1983;67:361-370. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x.
  • Referans17 Aydemir Ö, Guvenir T, Kuey L, Kultur S.Validity and reliability of Turkish version of hospital anxiety and depression scale. Turk Physciatry Derg. 1997;8:280-287.
  • Referans18 Bezircioğlu İ, Gülseren L, Öniz A, Kındıroğlu N.Menopoz Öncesi ve Sonras› Dönemde Depresyon-Anksiyete ve Yetiyitimi. Turk Physciatry Derg. 2004;15:199-207. PMID: 15362004
  • Referans19 Küçükdeveci AA, Tennant A, Elhan AH, Niyazoğlı H. Validation of the Turkish version of the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire for use in low back pain. Spine. 2001;26:2738-43. https://doi.org/10.1097/00007632-200112150-00024.
  • Referans20 Hooper D, Coughlan J, Mullen M. Structural equation modelling: Guidelines for determining model fit. EJBRM. 2008;6:53-60.
  • Referans21 Altuğ F, Ünal A, Kilavuz G, Kavlak K, Çitişli V et al. Investigation of the relationship between kinesiophobia, physical activity level and quality of life in patients with chronic low back pain. J Back and Musculoskelet Rehabil. 2016;29:527-531. https://doi.org/10.3233/BMR-150653
  • Referans22 Branström H., Fahlström M.Kinesiophobia in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain: differences between men and women. J Rehabil Med. 2008;40:375-380. https://doi.org/10.2340/16501977-0186.
  • Referans23 Durmaz T. Investigation of the factors effect on low back pain in postmenopausal women. 15th World Congress on Menopause.28 September-01 October, 2016.Prague. Climacteric; 2016;19(sup1):p48
  • Referans24 Smedstad LM, Mourn T, Vaglum P, Kvien TK. The impact of early rheumatoid arthritis on psychological distress. Scand J Rheumatol. 1996;25:377-382. https://doi.org/10.3109/03009749609065649.
  • Referans25 Bair MJ, Wu J, Damush TM, Sutherland JM, Kroenke K. Association of depression and anxiety alone and in combination with chronic musculoskeletal pain in primary care patients. Psychosom Med. 2008;70:890. https://doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0b013e318185c510.
  • Referans 26 Yazıcı K, Tot Ş, Biçer A, Yazıcı A, Buturak V.Anxiety, Depression and Quality of Life in Patients with Lowback Pain and Neck Pair. J Clin Psychol. 2003;6:95-101.
  • Referans 27 Casten RJ, Parmelee PA, Kleban MH, Lawton MP, Katz IR. The relationships among anxiety, depression, and pain in a geriatric institutionalized sample. Pain. 1995;61:271-276. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3959(94)00185-h.
  • Referans28 Kuch K, Cox B, Evans RJ, Watson PC, Bubela C. To what extent do anxiety and depression interact with chronic pain? Can J Psychiatry. 1993;38:36-38. https://doi.org/10.1177/070674379303800110.
  • Referans29 Dündar Ü, Özlem S, Demirdal ÜS, Toktas H, Kavuncu V. Relation of pain, disability and depression with quality of life in patients with chronic low back pain. Genel Tip Derg. 2009;19:99-104.
  • Referans30 Güçlü DG, Güçlü O, Ozaner A, Şenormancı O, Konkan R. The relationship between disability, quality of life and fear-avoidance beliefs in patients with chronic low back pain. Turk Neurosurg. 2012;22:724-731. https://doi.org/10.5137/1019-5149.JTN.6156-12.1.
  • Referans31 Korkmaz N, Akinci A, Yörükan S, Sürücü HS, Saraçbaşi O, Ozçakar L. Validation and Reliability of the Turkish Version of the Fear Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire in Patients With Low Back Pain. Eur J Phys Rehabil M. 2009;45:527-35. PMID: 20032912
  • Referans32 Cederbom S, Söderlund A, Denison A, Wagert PH. Chronic pain among older women living alone. A study focusing on disability and morale. Eur J Physiother. 2014;16:139-150. https://doi.org/10.3109/21679169.2014.893448.
  • Referans33 Helminen EE, Sinikallio SH, Valjakka AL, Väisänen-Rouvali RH, Arokoski JPA. Determinants of pain and functioning in knee osteoarthritis: a one-year prospective study. Clin Rehabil. 2016;30:890-900. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269215515619660.
  • Referans34 Larsson C, Hansson EE, Sundquist K, Jakobsson U. Kinesiophobia and its relation to pain characteristics and cognitive affective variables in older adults with chronic pain. BMC Geriatrics. 2016;16:128. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-016-0302-6.
  • Referans35 Demoulin C, Huijnen IPJ, Somville PR, et al. Relationship between different measures of pain-related fear and physical capacity of the spine in patients with chronic low back pain. Spine J. 2013;13:1039-1047. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spinee.2013.02.037.
  • Referans36 Felício DC, Pereira DS, Queiroz BZD, Silvia JP, Leopoldino AAO, Pereira LSM. Kinesiophobia is not associated with disability in elderly women with acute low back pain: back complaints in the elders (BACE) Brazil study results. Spine J. 2016;16:619-625. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spinee.2016.01.004.
There are 35 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Rehabilitation
Journal Section Araştırma Makaleleri
Authors

Arzu Erden 0000-0002-8698-7648

Kemal Turhan This is me 0000-0001-7871-3025

Muammer Albayrak 0000-0002-5946-6310

Emre Şenocak 0000-0003-3677-9813

Publication Date December 21, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 32 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Erden, A., Turhan, K., Albayrak, M., Şenocak, E. (2021). STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELLING TO EXAMINE THE AFFECTED FACTORS OF KINESIOPHOBIA IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN WITH CHRONIC LOW BACK PAIN. Türk Fizyoterapi Ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi, 32(3), 22-31. https://doi.org/10.21653/tjpr.797833
AMA Erden A, Turhan K, Albayrak M, Şenocak E. STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELLING TO EXAMINE THE AFFECTED FACTORS OF KINESIOPHOBIA IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN WITH CHRONIC LOW BACK PAIN. Turk J Physiother Rehabil. December 2021;32(3):22-31. doi:10.21653/tjpr.797833
Chicago Erden, Arzu, Kemal Turhan, Muammer Albayrak, and Emre Şenocak. “STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELLING TO EXAMINE THE AFFECTED FACTORS OF KINESIOPHOBIA IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN WITH CHRONIC LOW BACK PAIN”. Türk Fizyoterapi Ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi 32, no. 3 (December 2021): 22-31. https://doi.org/10.21653/tjpr.797833.
EndNote Erden A, Turhan K, Albayrak M, Şenocak E (December 1, 2021) STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELLING TO EXAMINE THE AFFECTED FACTORS OF KINESIOPHOBIA IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN WITH CHRONIC LOW BACK PAIN. Türk Fizyoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi 32 3 22–31.
IEEE A. Erden, K. Turhan, M. Albayrak, and E. Şenocak, “STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELLING TO EXAMINE THE AFFECTED FACTORS OF KINESIOPHOBIA IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN WITH CHRONIC LOW BACK PAIN”, Turk J Physiother Rehabil, vol. 32, no. 3, pp. 22–31, 2021, doi: 10.21653/tjpr.797833.
ISNAD Erden, Arzu et al. “STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELLING TO EXAMINE THE AFFECTED FACTORS OF KINESIOPHOBIA IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN WITH CHRONIC LOW BACK PAIN”. Türk Fizyoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi 32/3 (December 2021), 22-31. https://doi.org/10.21653/tjpr.797833.
JAMA Erden A, Turhan K, Albayrak M, Şenocak E. STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELLING TO EXAMINE THE AFFECTED FACTORS OF KINESIOPHOBIA IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN WITH CHRONIC LOW BACK PAIN. Turk J Physiother Rehabil. 2021;32:22–31.
MLA Erden, Arzu et al. “STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELLING TO EXAMINE THE AFFECTED FACTORS OF KINESIOPHOBIA IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN WITH CHRONIC LOW BACK PAIN”. Türk Fizyoterapi Ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi, vol. 32, no. 3, 2021, pp. 22-31, doi:10.21653/tjpr.797833.
Vancouver Erden A, Turhan K, Albayrak M, Şenocak E. STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELLING TO EXAMINE THE AFFECTED FACTORS OF KINESIOPHOBIA IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN WITH CHRONIC LOW BACK PAIN. Turk J Physiother Rehabil. 2021;32(3):22-31.