Long/post COVID’de anosminin nörolojik semptomlar içindeki sıklığı ve yaşam kalitesine etkisi

Özgül Ocak

doi:10.55665/troiamedj.1182994

Research Article

Long/post COVID’de anosminin nörolojik semptomlar içindeki sıklığı ve yaşam kalitesine etkisi

Year 2023, Volume: 4 Issue: 1, 22 - 26, 30.01.2023

Özgül Ocak

https://doi.org/10.55665/troiamedj.1182994

Abstract

Amaç: Anosmi, yaşam kalitesinde bozulmalara sebep olan ve Corona virüs hastalığı 2019 (COVID-19)’lu hastalarda görülen nörolojik semptomlar arasında en sık gözlenenlerden biridir. Bu çalışmada COVID-19 olan hastalarda uzun dönemde anosminin sıklığının ve yaşam kalitesi üzerindeki etkilerinin incelenmesi amaçlamıştır.
Yöntem: Çalışmaya tanıları polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu (PCR) testi ile teyit edilmiş 18 yaş ve üzeri 266 (103’ü erkek, 163’ü kadın) hasta dahil edilmiştir. Yaşam kalitesini ölçmek için Notthingham Sağlık Profili (NSP) kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Katılımcıların 46’sının (%17.3) hiçbir şikayetleri olmamıştır. Koku kaybı şikayeti 220 katılımcıdan (%82.7) 76’sında (%34.5) hiç olmamış, 111’inde (%50.5) sadece akut hastalıkta, 33’ünde (%15.0) ise uzamış COVID-19 döneminde de devam edecek şekilde görülmüştür. Koku kaybı yaşadığını bildirenlerin NSP ağrı, fiziksel aktivite ve enerji alt ölçek ortalama skorları koku kaybı yaşamamış olanlardan daha yüksektir. Akut hastalık döneminde koku kaybı yaşayıp takiplerinde iyileşenlerin NSP ağrı, duygusal reaksiyon alt ölçek ortalama skorları uzamış COVID-19 döneminde devam edenlerden daha düşüktür.
Sonuç: COVID-19 hastalarında uzamış anosmi yüksek oranda saptanmıştır. Anosmi, yaşamı tehdit etmediği için nörolojik bulgular içinde daha az önemsenmiş olmasına rağmen uzamış COVID-19 döneminde de devam etmekte ve hastaların yaşam kalitesini olumsuz etkilemektedir.

Keywords

uzamış COVID-19, anosmi, yaşam kalitesi, long-COVID-19, anosmia, quality of life

Supporting Institution

Project Number

Thanks

References

1. Baig AM, Khaleeq A, Ali U, Syeda H. Evidence of the COVID-19 virus targeting the CNS: tissue distribution, host-virus interaction, and proposed neurotropic mechanisms. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020;11(7):995-998.
2.Wu Y, Xu X, Chen Z, et al. Nervous system involvement after infection with COVID-19 and other coronaviruses. Brain Behav Immun 2020;87:18-22.
3. Graham EL, Clark JR, Orban ZS, et al. Persistent neuro-logic symptoms and cognitive dysfunction in non-hospitalized Covid-19 "long haulers". Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2021;8(5):1073-1085.
4. Mao L, Jin H, Wang M, et al. Neurologic manifestations of hospitalized patients with corona virus disease 2019 in Wuhan, China. JAMA Neurol 2020;77(6):683-690.
5. Spinato G, Fabrris C, Polesel J, et al. Alterations in smell or taste in mildy symptomatic outpatients with SARS -CoV -2 infection. Jama 2020;323(20):2089–2090.
6. Lechien JR, Chiesa -Estomba CM, De Siati DR, et al. Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions as a clinical presentation of mild -to –moderate forms of the corona virus disease (COVID-19): a multicenter European study. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2020;277(8):2251-2261.
7. COVID-19 rapid guideline: managing the long-term effects of COVID-19. London: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (UK) (NICE Guideline, No. 188). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK567261. (Son erişim tarihi: 30.08.2022)
8. Watson DLB, Campbell M, Hopkins C, Smith B, Kelly C, Deary V. Altered smell and taste: Anosmia, parosmia and the impact of long COVID-19. PLoS ONE 2021;16:e0256998
9. Moraschini V, Reis D, Sacco R, Calasans‐Maia MD. Prevalence of anosmia and ageusia symptoms among long‐term effects of COVID‐19. Oral Dis 2021:10.1111/odi.13919.
10. Vaira LA, Salzano G, Bon SL, et al. Prevalence of persistent olfactory disorders in patients with COVID19: a psychophysical case-control study with 1-year follow-up. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2022;167(1):183-186.
11. Boesveldt S, Postma EM, Boak D, Welge-Luessen A, Schöpf V, Mainland JD, Martens J, Ngai J, Duffy VB. Anosmia - a clinical review. Chem Senses 2017;42(7):513-523.
12. Philpott CM, Boak D. The impact of olfactory disorders in the United Kingdom. ChemSenses 2014;39:711–718
13. Liu DT, Prem B, Sharma G, Kaiser J, Besser G, Mueller CA. Depression symptoms and olfactory-related quality of life. Laryngoscope 2022;132(9):1829-1834.
14. Ferdenzi C, Bousquet C, Aguera PE, et al. Recovery from COVID-19-related olfactory disorders and quality of life: insights from an observational online study. Chem Senses 2021;46:bjab028.
15. Bayrak AF, Özkul Y, Karaca B, İşlek A. COVID 19 sonrası uzamış koku bozukluğu olan hastaların koku terapisi ile değerlendirilmesi. KBB-Forum 2022;21(2):102-111.
16. Kücükdeveci AA, McKenna SP, Kutlay S, Gürsel Y, Whalley D, Arasil T. The development and psychometric assessment of theTurkish version of the Nottingham Health Profile. Int J Rehabil Res 2000;23(1):31-38.
17. Hajikhani B, Calcagno T, Nasiri MJ, et al. Olfactory and gustatory dysfunction in COVID-19 patients: a meta analysis study. Physiol Rep 2020;8(18):e14578.
18. Agyeman AA, Chin KL, Landersdorfer CB, Liew D, OforiAsenso R. Smell and taste dysfunction in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Mayo Clin Proc 2020;95(8):1621-1631.
19. Bilinska K, Jakubowska P, vonBartheld CS, Bu-towtR.Expression of the SARS-CoV-2 entry proteins ACE2 and TMPRSS2, in cells of the olfactory epithelium: identification of cell types and trends with age. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020;11(11):1555–1562.
20. Torabi A, Mohammadbagheri E, Akbari Dilmaghani N, et al. Proinflammatory cytokines in the olfactory mucos are sult in COVID-19 induced anosmia. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020,11:1909−1913.
21. Bilinska K, Butowt R. Anosmia in COVID-19: a bumpy road to establishing a cellular mechanism. ACS Chem Neurosci2020;11:2152−2155.
22. Sampaio Rocha-Filho PA,Voss L. Persistent headache and persistent anosmia associated with COVID-19. Headache 2020;60:1797−1799.
23. Can A, Coskun H. The rationale of using mesenchymal stem cells in patients with COVID-19-related acute respiratory distress syndrome: what to expect. Stem Cells Transl Med 2020;9:1287−1302.
24. Deems DA, Doty RL, Settle G, et al. Smell and taste disorders, a study of 750 patients from the University of Pennsylvania Smell and Taste Center. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1991;117:519-528.
25. Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel corona virus in Wuhan, China. The Lancet 2020;395(10223):497-506.
26. Blomqvist EH, Brämerson A, Stjarne P, Nordin S. Consequences of olfactory loss and adopted coping strategies. Rhinology2004;42:189–194.
27. Hummel T, Nordin S. Olfactory disorders and their consequences for quality of life. Acta Otolaryngol 2005;125:116–121.
28. Elkholi SMA, Abdelwahab MK, Abdelhafeez M. Impact of the smell loss on the quality of life and adopted coping strategies in COVID-19 patients. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol2021;278(9):3307-3314.

Frequency of anosmia within neurological symptoms in long/ post COVID and impact on quality of life

Year 2023, Volume: 4 Issue: 1, 22 - 26, 30.01.2023

Özgül Ocak

https://doi.org/10.55665/troiamedj.1182994

Abstract

Objectives: Anosmia is one of the most common neurological symptoms of COVID-19, which causes deterioration in quality of life. In this study, it was aimed to examine the frequency of long-term anosmia in and its effects on quality of life in patients with the COVID-19. Methods: A total of 266 (103 male, 163 female) patients aged 18 years and older, whose diagnosis was confirmed by PCR test, were included in the study. The Notthingham Health Profile (NHP) was used to measure quality of life. Results: Forty-six (17.3%) of the participants did not have any complaints. Anosmia was not present in 76 (34.5%) of 220 (82.7%) participants with complaints, was present only in acute disease in 111 (50.5%) and was seen to continue in the long-COVID-19 period in 33 (15%) participants. The NHP pain, physical activity, and energy subscale scores of those who reported experiencing anosmia were higher than those who did not. NHP pain and emotional reaction subscale scores of those who experienced anosmia during the acute illness period were lower than those who continued in the long-COVID-19 period. Conclusion: Prolonged anosmia has been detected at a high rate in COVID-19 patients. Although anosmia is less important in neurological findings since it is not life-threatening, it continues in the long-COVID period and negatively affects the quality of life of patients

Keywords

long-COVID-19, anosmia, quality of life

Project Number

References

1. Baig AM, Khaleeq A, Ali U, Syeda H. Evidence of the COVID-19 virus targeting the CNS: tissue distribution, host-virus interaction, and proposed neurotropic mechanisms. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020;11(7):995-998.
2.Wu Y, Xu X, Chen Z, et al. Nervous system involvement after infection with COVID-19 and other coronaviruses. Brain Behav Immun 2020;87:18-22.
3. Graham EL, Clark JR, Orban ZS, et al. Persistent neuro-logic symptoms and cognitive dysfunction in non-hospitalized Covid-19 "long haulers". Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2021;8(5):1073-1085.
4. Mao L, Jin H, Wang M, et al. Neurologic manifestations of hospitalized patients with corona virus disease 2019 in Wuhan, China. JAMA Neurol 2020;77(6):683-690.
5. Spinato G, Fabrris C, Polesel J, et al. Alterations in smell or taste in mildy symptomatic outpatients with SARS -CoV -2 infection. Jama 2020;323(20):2089–2090.
6. Lechien JR, Chiesa -Estomba CM, De Siati DR, et al. Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions as a clinical presentation of mild -to –moderate forms of the corona virus disease (COVID-19): a multicenter European study. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2020;277(8):2251-2261.
7. COVID-19 rapid guideline: managing the long-term effects of COVID-19. London: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (UK) (NICE Guideline, No. 188). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK567261. (Son erişim tarihi: 30.08.2022)
8. Watson DLB, Campbell M, Hopkins C, Smith B, Kelly C, Deary V. Altered smell and taste: Anosmia, parosmia and the impact of long COVID-19. PLoS ONE 2021;16:e0256998
9. Moraschini V, Reis D, Sacco R, Calasans‐Maia MD. Prevalence of anosmia and ageusia symptoms among long‐term effects of COVID‐19. Oral Dis 2021:10.1111/odi.13919.
10. Vaira LA, Salzano G, Bon SL, et al. Prevalence of persistent olfactory disorders in patients with COVID19: a psychophysical case-control study with 1-year follow-up. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2022;167(1):183-186.
11. Boesveldt S, Postma EM, Boak D, Welge-Luessen A, Schöpf V, Mainland JD, Martens J, Ngai J, Duffy VB. Anosmia - a clinical review. Chem Senses 2017;42(7):513-523.
12. Philpott CM, Boak D. The impact of olfactory disorders in the United Kingdom. ChemSenses 2014;39:711–718
13. Liu DT, Prem B, Sharma G, Kaiser J, Besser G, Mueller CA. Depression symptoms and olfactory-related quality of life. Laryngoscope 2022;132(9):1829-1834.
14. Ferdenzi C, Bousquet C, Aguera PE, et al. Recovery from COVID-19-related olfactory disorders and quality of life: insights from an observational online study. Chem Senses 2021;46:bjab028.
15. Bayrak AF, Özkul Y, Karaca B, İşlek A. COVID 19 sonrası uzamış koku bozukluğu olan hastaların koku terapisi ile değerlendirilmesi. KBB-Forum 2022;21(2):102-111.
16. Kücükdeveci AA, McKenna SP, Kutlay S, Gürsel Y, Whalley D, Arasil T. The development and psychometric assessment of theTurkish version of the Nottingham Health Profile. Int J Rehabil Res 2000;23(1):31-38.
17. Hajikhani B, Calcagno T, Nasiri MJ, et al. Olfactory and gustatory dysfunction in COVID-19 patients: a meta analysis study. Physiol Rep 2020;8(18):e14578.
18. Agyeman AA, Chin KL, Landersdorfer CB, Liew D, OforiAsenso R. Smell and taste dysfunction in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Mayo Clin Proc 2020;95(8):1621-1631.
19. Bilinska K, Jakubowska P, vonBartheld CS, Bu-towtR.Expression of the SARS-CoV-2 entry proteins ACE2 and TMPRSS2, in cells of the olfactory epithelium: identification of cell types and trends with age. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020;11(11):1555–1562.
20. Torabi A, Mohammadbagheri E, Akbari Dilmaghani N, et al. Proinflammatory cytokines in the olfactory mucos are sult in COVID-19 induced anosmia. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020,11:1909−1913.
21. Bilinska K, Butowt R. Anosmia in COVID-19: a bumpy road to establishing a cellular mechanism. ACS Chem Neurosci2020;11:2152−2155.
22. Sampaio Rocha-Filho PA,Voss L. Persistent headache and persistent anosmia associated with COVID-19. Headache 2020;60:1797−1799.
23. Can A, Coskun H. The rationale of using mesenchymal stem cells in patients with COVID-19-related acute respiratory distress syndrome: what to expect. Stem Cells Transl Med 2020;9:1287−1302.
24. Deems DA, Doty RL, Settle G, et al. Smell and taste disorders, a study of 750 patients from the University of Pennsylvania Smell and Taste Center. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1991;117:519-528.
25. Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel corona virus in Wuhan, China. The Lancet 2020;395(10223):497-506.
26. Blomqvist EH, Brämerson A, Stjarne P, Nordin S. Consequences of olfactory loss and adopted coping strategies. Rhinology2004;42:189–194.
27. Hummel T, Nordin S. Olfactory disorders and their consequences for quality of life. Acta Otolaryngol 2005;125:116–121.
28. Elkholi SMA, Abdelwahab MK, Abdelhafeez M. Impact of the smell loss on the quality of life and adopted coping strategies in COVID-19 patients. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol2021;278(9):3307-3314.

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Details

Primary Language	Turkish
Subjects	Health Care Administration
Journal Section	Articles
Authors	Özgül Ocak 0000-0001-8276-0174
Project Number	-
Publication Date	January 30, 2023
Submission Date	November 2, 2022
Published in Issue	Year 2023 Volume: 4 Issue: 1

Cite

APA	Ocak, Ö. (2023). Long/post COVID’de anosminin nörolojik semptomlar içindeki sıklığı ve yaşam kalitesine etkisi. Troia Medical Journal, 4(1), 22-26. https://doi.org/10.55665/troiamedj.1182994
AMA	Ocak Ö. Long/post COVID’de anosminin nörolojik semptomlar içindeki sıklığı ve yaşam kalitesine etkisi. Troia Med J. January 2023;4(1):22-26. doi:10.55665/troiamedj.1182994
Chicago	Ocak, Özgül. “Long/Post COVID’de Anosminin nörolojik Semptomlar içindeki sıklığı Ve yaşam Kalitesine Etkisi”. Troia Medical Journal 4, no. 1 (January 2023): 22-26. https://doi.org/10.55665/troiamedj.1182994.
EndNote	Ocak Ö (January 1, 2023) Long/post COVID’de anosminin nörolojik semptomlar içindeki sıklığı ve yaşam kalitesine etkisi. Troia Medical Journal 4 1 22–26.
IEEE	Ö. Ocak, “Long/post COVID’de anosminin nörolojik semptomlar içindeki sıklığı ve yaşam kalitesine etkisi”, Troia Med J, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 22–26, 2023, doi: 10.55665/troiamedj.1182994.
ISNAD	Ocak, Özgül. “Long/Post COVID’de Anosminin nörolojik Semptomlar içindeki sıklığı Ve yaşam Kalitesine Etkisi”. Troia Medical Journal 4/1 (January 2023), 22-26. https://doi.org/10.55665/troiamedj.1182994.
JAMA	Ocak Ö. Long/post COVID’de anosminin nörolojik semptomlar içindeki sıklığı ve yaşam kalitesine etkisi. Troia Med J. 2023;4:22–26.
MLA	Ocak, Özgül. “Long/Post COVID’de Anosminin nörolojik Semptomlar içindeki sıklığı Ve yaşam Kalitesine Etkisi”. Troia Medical Journal, vol. 4, no. 1, 2023, pp. 22-26, doi:10.55665/troiamedj.1182994.
Vancouver	Ocak Ö. Long/post COVID’de anosminin nörolojik semptomlar içindeki sıklığı ve yaşam kalitesine etkisi. Troia Med J. 2023;4(1):22-6.

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