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Tip 1 Diyabette Gece Hipoglisemisi “Ebeveynler Önlemeyi Biliyor mu?”: Tanımlayıcı Bir Çalışma

Year 2023, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 72 - 80, 28.04.2023

Çağrı Çövener Özçelik Eda Aktaş

https://doi.org/10.25048/tudod.1258860

Abstract

Amaç: Araştırma 6-18 yaş grubu tip 1 diyabetli çocuk ve ergenlerin ebeveynlerinin gece hipoglisemisinin önlenmesiyle ilgili bilgi
durumunun değerlendirmek amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Tanımlayıcı tasarımdaki araştırma, Ocak-Mayıs 2018 tarihleri arasında İstanbul ilindeki dört hastanenin pediatrik
endokrinoloji polikliniklerinde takipli 150 tip 1 diyabetli çocuk ve ergenin ebeveynleri ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın verileri
Ebeveyn Tanıtıcı Bilgi Formu ve Ebeveyn Hipoglisemi Bilgi Düzeyi Formu’ndan yararlanılarak toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde
tanımlayıcı istatistikler ve Mann Whitney U testi kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Katılımcıların yaş ortalaması 39,23±7,205 olup, çocuklarının diyabet yaşı 5,17±3,75’tir. Katılımcıların %78,7(n=118)’si gece
hipoglisemilerine yönelik eğitim almıştır. Gece hipoglisemisine yönelik bilginin büyük oranda (%65,3; n=98) hemşireden alındığı
saptanmıştır. Gece hipoglisemisi durumunda yapılan ilk uygulamanın sıklıkla (%45,3; n=68) kilosuna göre hızlı etkili karbonhidrat
vermek ve hemen kan glikozu ölçümü yapmak (%43,3; n=65) olduğu görülmüştür. Katılımcıların gece hipoglisemisi ile ilgili bilgi
düzeylerinin değerlendirildiği forma verdikleri doğru yanıt oranı %60 olarak saptanmıştır. Ebeveyn hipoglisemi bilgi durumu formu
toplam puanı ile gece hipoglisemisi ile ilgili eğitim alanlar arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark saptanmıştır (U=1101, p<0.001).
Sonuç: Araştırma sonucunda tip 1 diyabetli çocuk/ergen ebeveynlerinin gece hipoglisemisinin önlenmesi ve gece hipoglisemisine müdahale
ilgili bilgi düzeylerinin yetersiz olduğu saptanmıştır.

Keywords

Tip 1 diyabet hipoglisemi gece hipoglisemisi

Supporting Institution

yok

Project Number

-

Thanks

Araştırmanın veri toplama aşamasındaki katkılarından ötürü Ayşe BOSTANCIKLIOĞLU, Berfin TUNÇ, Muzbah ÖZDEMİR, Özgür POYRAZ, Özlem YILMAZ, Zeynep KAYA’ya ve tüm katılımcılara teşekkür ederiz.

References

  • 1. Türkiye Diyabet Vakfı. Diabetes Mellitus Tanı, Sınıflama ve İzlem İlkeleri. TÜRKDİAB Diyabet Tanı ve Tedavi Rehberi 2020. İstanbul: Pasifik, 2020:16.
  • 2. American Diabetes Association. Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus. Journal of Clinical and Applied Research and Education Diabetes Care. 2018;39(1):13-26.
  • 3. Mobasseri M, Shirmohammadi M, Amiri T, Vahed N, Fard HH, Ghojazadeh M. Prevalence and incidence of type 1 diabetes in the world: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Health Promotion Perspectives. 2020;10(2):98-115.
  • 4. International Diabetes Federation: IDF Diabetes Atlas, Brüssels, Belgium 2021, 10. Baskı, IDF Diyabet Atlası 2021, IDF Diyabet Atlası (diabetesatlas.org) Erişim tarihi: 02.04.2022
  • 5. Bachmann S, Auderset A, Burckhardt MA, Szinnai G, Hess M, Zumsteg U, Donner B. Autonomic cardiac regulation during spontaneous nocturnal hypoglycemia in children with type 1 diabetes. Pediatric Diabetes. 2021;22(7):1023-1030.
  • 6. Kahsay H, Fantahun B, Nedi T, Demoz GT. Evaluation of hypoglycemia and associated factors among patients with type 1 diabetes on follow-up care at St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. J Diabetes Res. 2019; 2019:9037374.
  • 7. Çocukluk Çağı Diyabet Eğitimci Rehberi. T.C. Halk Sağlığı Genel Müdürlüğü, 2020.
  • 8. Mosquera-Lopez C, Dodier R, Tyler NS, Wilson LM, El Youssef J, Castle JR, Jacobs PG. Predicting and preventing nocturnal hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetes using big data analytics and decision theoretic analysis. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2020;22(11):801-811.
  • 9. Buckingham B, Chase HP, Dassau E, Cobry E, Clinton P, Gage V, Caswell K, Wilkinson J, Cameron F, Lee H, Bequette W, Doyle III FJ. Prevention of nocturnal hypoglycemia using predictive alarm algorithms and insulin pump suspension. Diabetes Care. 2010;33(5):1013-1017.
  • 10. Abraham MB, Karges B, Dovc K, Naranjo D, Arbelaez AM. ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2022: Assessment and management of hypoglycemia in children and adolescents with diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes. 2022;23(8):1322‐1340.
  • 11. Lainetti KR, Pimenta J, Vendramini MF. Can hypoglycemic episodes in type 1 diabetics trigger cardiac arrhythmias?. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2019;158:107878.
  • 12. Jensen MH, Dethlefsen C, Vestergaard P, Hejlesen O. Prediction of nocturnal hypoglycemia from continuous glucose monitoring data in people with type 1 diabetes: A proof-ofconcept study. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2020;14(2):250-256.
  • 13. Dehghankar L, Namdar P, Yekefallah L, Hosseini N, Moradi M. The effect of peers support on fear of hypoglycemia in iranian patients with type 1 diabetes: A clinical trial study. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. 2021;26(2):162-167.
  • 14. Wang H, Donnan PT, Leese CJ, Duncan E, Fitzpatrick D, Frier BM, Leese GP. Temporal changes in frequency of severe hypoglycemia treated by emergency medical services in types 1 and 2 diabetes: A population-based data-linkage cohort study. Clin Diabetes Endocrinol. 2017;3:7.
  • 15. Pinsker JE, Dassau E. Predictive low-glucose suspend to prevent hypoglycemia. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2017;19(5):271- 276.
  • 16. Graveling AJ, Frier BM. The risks of nocturnal hypoglycaemia in insulin-treated diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2017;133:30-39.
  • 17. Musolino G, Dovc K, Boughton CK, Tauschmann M, Allen JM, Nagl K, Fritsch M, Yong J, Metcalfe E, Schaeffer D, Fichelle M, Schierloh U, Thiele AG, Abt D, Kojzar H, Mader JK, Slegtenhorst S, Ashcroft N, Wilinska ME, Sibayan J, Cohen N, Kollman C, Hofer SE, Fröhlich-Reiterer E, Kapellen TM, Acerini CL, de Beaufort C, Campbell F, Rami-Merhar B, Hovorka R, Consortium K. Reduced burden of diabetes and improved quality of life: Experiences from unrestricted dayand‐ night hybrid closed‐loop use in very young children with type 1 diabetes. Pediatric Diabetes. 2019; 20(6):794-799.
  • 18. Patton SR, Clements MA, Marker AM, Nelson EL. Intervention to reduce hypoglycemia fear in parents of young kids using video‐based telehealth (REDCHiP). Pediatric Diabetes. 2019;21(1):112-119.
  • 19. Karaca Sivrikaya S, Ergün S. Diyabet eğitimi ve hemşirenin rolü. Kırşehir Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2018;2(2):25-36.
  • 20. McGill DE, Levitsky LL. Management of hypoglycemia in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Curr Diab Rep. 2016;16(9):88.
  • 21. LaManna J, Litchman ML, Dickinson JK, Todd A, Julius MM, Whitehouse CR, Hyer S, Kavookjian J. Diabetes Education Impact on Hypoglycemia Outcomes: A Systematic Review of Evidence and Gaps in the Literature. Diabetes Educ. 2019;45(4):349-369.
  • 22. Üstün S. Tip-I diyabet tanısı almış çocuklar ile ailelerinin, hastalığa uyum süreci ve hastalığı kabul düzeylerinin karşılaştırılması. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İzmir, 2011. (https://tez.yok.gov.tr/ Ulusal Tez Merkezi Erişim Tarihi: 05.11.2019).
  • 23. Altundağ S. Tip 1 diyabetli çocukların hastalığa uyumunda eğitimin ve sosyal desteğin etkisi. Pamukkale Tıp Dergisi. 2018;11(2):137-144.
  • 24. Malone HE, Nicholl H, Coyne I. Fundamentals of estimating size. Nurse Res. 2016;23(5):21-25.
  • 25. Çövener Özçelik Ç, Ocakçı AF. Tip 1 Diyabet Yönetimi, İstanbul Tıp Kitabevi, İstanbul; 2014.
  • 26. Zhu B, Abu Irsheed GM, Martyn-Nemeth P, Reutrakul S. Type 1 diabetes, sleep, and hypoglycemia. Curr Diab Rep. 2021;21(12):1-19.
  • 27. Lindholm Olinder A, DeAbreu M, Greene S, Haugstvedt A, Lange K, Majaliwa ES, Pais V, Pelicand J, Town M, Mahmud FH. ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2022: Diabetes education in children and adolescents. Pediatr Diabetes. 2022;23(8):1229‐1242.
  • 28. Feyzioğlu G. Tip 1 diyabet hastalarının bilgi arayışında internet tutumlarının değerlendirilmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Haliç üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul, 2015. (https:// tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi Erişim tarihi: 06.10.2020).
  • 29. Urakami T. The Advanced Diabetes Technologies for Reduction of the Frequency of Hypoglycemia and Minimizing the Occurrence of Severe Hypoglycemia in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes. J Clin Med. 2023;12(3): 781.
  • 30. Alotaibi A, Khalifah RA, McAssey K. The efficacy and safety of insulin pump therapy with predictivelow glucose suspend feature in decreasing hypoglycemia inchildren with type 1 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review andmeta-analysis. Pediatr Diabetes. 2020;21:1256-1267.
  • 31. Perez KM, Hamburger ER, Lyttle M, Williams R, Bergner E, Kahanda S, Cobry E, Jaser SS. Sleep in type 1 diabetes: Implications for glycemic control and diabetes management. Curr Diab Rep. 2018;18(2):5.
  • 32. American Diabetes Association. 2. Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2020. Diabetes Care. 2020;43(Suppl 1):S14-S31.
  • 33. Dağdelen S. Diyabet Tedavi ve Klinik İzlem Protokolleri. T. C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Sağlık Hizmetleri genel Müdürlüğü, Ankara, 2019
  • 34. Cengiz E, Danne T, Ahmad T, Ayyavoo A, Beran D, Ehtisham S, Fairchild J, Jarosz-Chobot P, May Ng S, Paterson M, Codner E. ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2022: Insulin treatment in children and adolescents with diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes. 2022;23(8):1277‐1296.

Nocturnal Hypoglycemia in Type 1 Diabetes “Do Parents Know How to Prevent?”:A Descriptive Study

Year 2023, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 72 - 80, 28.04.2023

Çağrı Çövener Özçelik Eda Aktaş

https://doi.org/10.25048/tudod.1258860

Abstract

Aim: The study was carried out to evaluate the knowledge of parents of children and adolescents aged 6-18 years with type 1 diabetes
about the prevention of nocturnal hypoglycemia.
Material and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted with the parents of 150 children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes who
were followed up in the pediatric endocrinology outpatient clinics of four hospitals in Istanbul between January and May 2018. The
data of the study were collected by using the Parent Information Information Form and the Parent Hypoglycemia Information Form.
Descriptive statistics and Mann Whitney U test were used in the analysis of the data.
Results: The mean age of the participants was 39.23±7.205, and the diabetes age of their children was 5.17±3.75. 78.7% (n=18) of the
participants received training on nocturnal hypoglycemia. It was determined that information on nocturnal hypoglycemia was obtained
from nurses (65.3%; n=98) to a large extent. It has been observed that the first application in case of nocturnal hypoglycemia is often
(45.3%; n=68) to give fast-acting carbohydrates according to their weight and to measure blood glucose immediately (43.3%; n=65). The
correct response rate of the participants to the form in which their knowledge level about nocturnal hypoglycemia was evaluated was
60%. A statistically significant difference was found between the total score of the parent hypoglycemia information form and those who
received training on nocturnal hypoglycemia (U=1101, p<0.001).
Conclusion: It was determined that the level of knowledge of the parents of children/adolescents with type 1 diabetes regarding
prevention of nocturnal hypoglycemia and intervention to nocturnal hypoglycemia was insufficient

Keywords

Type 1 diabetes Hypoglycemia Nocturnal hypoglycemia

Project Number

-

References

  • 1. Türkiye Diyabet Vakfı. Diabetes Mellitus Tanı, Sınıflama ve İzlem İlkeleri. TÜRKDİAB Diyabet Tanı ve Tedavi Rehberi 2020. İstanbul: Pasifik, 2020:16.
  • 2. American Diabetes Association. Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus. Journal of Clinical and Applied Research and Education Diabetes Care. 2018;39(1):13-26.
  • 3. Mobasseri M, Shirmohammadi M, Amiri T, Vahed N, Fard HH, Ghojazadeh M. Prevalence and incidence of type 1 diabetes in the world: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Health Promotion Perspectives. 2020;10(2):98-115.
  • 4. International Diabetes Federation: IDF Diabetes Atlas, Brüssels, Belgium 2021, 10. Baskı, IDF Diyabet Atlası 2021, IDF Diyabet Atlası (diabetesatlas.org) Erişim tarihi: 02.04.2022
  • 5. Bachmann S, Auderset A, Burckhardt MA, Szinnai G, Hess M, Zumsteg U, Donner B. Autonomic cardiac regulation during spontaneous nocturnal hypoglycemia in children with type 1 diabetes. Pediatric Diabetes. 2021;22(7):1023-1030.
  • 6. Kahsay H, Fantahun B, Nedi T, Demoz GT. Evaluation of hypoglycemia and associated factors among patients with type 1 diabetes on follow-up care at St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. J Diabetes Res. 2019; 2019:9037374.
  • 7. Çocukluk Çağı Diyabet Eğitimci Rehberi. T.C. Halk Sağlığı Genel Müdürlüğü, 2020.
  • 8. Mosquera-Lopez C, Dodier R, Tyler NS, Wilson LM, El Youssef J, Castle JR, Jacobs PG. Predicting and preventing nocturnal hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetes using big data analytics and decision theoretic analysis. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2020;22(11):801-811.
  • 9. Buckingham B, Chase HP, Dassau E, Cobry E, Clinton P, Gage V, Caswell K, Wilkinson J, Cameron F, Lee H, Bequette W, Doyle III FJ. Prevention of nocturnal hypoglycemia using predictive alarm algorithms and insulin pump suspension. Diabetes Care. 2010;33(5):1013-1017.
  • 10. Abraham MB, Karges B, Dovc K, Naranjo D, Arbelaez AM. ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2022: Assessment and management of hypoglycemia in children and adolescents with diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes. 2022;23(8):1322‐1340.
  • 11. Lainetti KR, Pimenta J, Vendramini MF. Can hypoglycemic episodes in type 1 diabetics trigger cardiac arrhythmias?. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2019;158:107878.
  • 12. Jensen MH, Dethlefsen C, Vestergaard P, Hejlesen O. Prediction of nocturnal hypoglycemia from continuous glucose monitoring data in people with type 1 diabetes: A proof-ofconcept study. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2020;14(2):250-256.
  • 13. Dehghankar L, Namdar P, Yekefallah L, Hosseini N, Moradi M. The effect of peers support on fear of hypoglycemia in iranian patients with type 1 diabetes: A clinical trial study. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. 2021;26(2):162-167.
  • 14. Wang H, Donnan PT, Leese CJ, Duncan E, Fitzpatrick D, Frier BM, Leese GP. Temporal changes in frequency of severe hypoglycemia treated by emergency medical services in types 1 and 2 diabetes: A population-based data-linkage cohort study. Clin Diabetes Endocrinol. 2017;3:7.
  • 15. Pinsker JE, Dassau E. Predictive low-glucose suspend to prevent hypoglycemia. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2017;19(5):271- 276.
  • 16. Graveling AJ, Frier BM. The risks of nocturnal hypoglycaemia in insulin-treated diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2017;133:30-39.
  • 17. Musolino G, Dovc K, Boughton CK, Tauschmann M, Allen JM, Nagl K, Fritsch M, Yong J, Metcalfe E, Schaeffer D, Fichelle M, Schierloh U, Thiele AG, Abt D, Kojzar H, Mader JK, Slegtenhorst S, Ashcroft N, Wilinska ME, Sibayan J, Cohen N, Kollman C, Hofer SE, Fröhlich-Reiterer E, Kapellen TM, Acerini CL, de Beaufort C, Campbell F, Rami-Merhar B, Hovorka R, Consortium K. Reduced burden of diabetes and improved quality of life: Experiences from unrestricted dayand‐ night hybrid closed‐loop use in very young children with type 1 diabetes. Pediatric Diabetes. 2019; 20(6):794-799.
  • 18. Patton SR, Clements MA, Marker AM, Nelson EL. Intervention to reduce hypoglycemia fear in parents of young kids using video‐based telehealth (REDCHiP). Pediatric Diabetes. 2019;21(1):112-119.
  • 19. Karaca Sivrikaya S, Ergün S. Diyabet eğitimi ve hemşirenin rolü. Kırşehir Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2018;2(2):25-36.
  • 20. McGill DE, Levitsky LL. Management of hypoglycemia in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Curr Diab Rep. 2016;16(9):88.
  • 21. LaManna J, Litchman ML, Dickinson JK, Todd A, Julius MM, Whitehouse CR, Hyer S, Kavookjian J. Diabetes Education Impact on Hypoglycemia Outcomes: A Systematic Review of Evidence and Gaps in the Literature. Diabetes Educ. 2019;45(4):349-369.
  • 22. Üstün S. Tip-I diyabet tanısı almış çocuklar ile ailelerinin, hastalığa uyum süreci ve hastalığı kabul düzeylerinin karşılaştırılması. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İzmir, 2011. (https://tez.yok.gov.tr/ Ulusal Tez Merkezi Erişim Tarihi: 05.11.2019).
  • 23. Altundağ S. Tip 1 diyabetli çocukların hastalığa uyumunda eğitimin ve sosyal desteğin etkisi. Pamukkale Tıp Dergisi. 2018;11(2):137-144.
  • 24. Malone HE, Nicholl H, Coyne I. Fundamentals of estimating size. Nurse Res. 2016;23(5):21-25.
  • 25. Çövener Özçelik Ç, Ocakçı AF. Tip 1 Diyabet Yönetimi, İstanbul Tıp Kitabevi, İstanbul; 2014.
  • 26. Zhu B, Abu Irsheed GM, Martyn-Nemeth P, Reutrakul S. Type 1 diabetes, sleep, and hypoglycemia. Curr Diab Rep. 2021;21(12):1-19.
  • 27. Lindholm Olinder A, DeAbreu M, Greene S, Haugstvedt A, Lange K, Majaliwa ES, Pais V, Pelicand J, Town M, Mahmud FH. ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2022: Diabetes education in children and adolescents. Pediatr Diabetes. 2022;23(8):1229‐1242.
  • 28. Feyzioğlu G. Tip 1 diyabet hastalarının bilgi arayışında internet tutumlarının değerlendirilmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Haliç üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul, 2015. (https:// tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi Erişim tarihi: 06.10.2020).
  • 29. Urakami T. The Advanced Diabetes Technologies for Reduction of the Frequency of Hypoglycemia and Minimizing the Occurrence of Severe Hypoglycemia in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes. J Clin Med. 2023;12(3): 781.
  • 30. Alotaibi A, Khalifah RA, McAssey K. The efficacy and safety of insulin pump therapy with predictivelow glucose suspend feature in decreasing hypoglycemia inchildren with type 1 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review andmeta-analysis. Pediatr Diabetes. 2020;21:1256-1267.
  • 31. Perez KM, Hamburger ER, Lyttle M, Williams R, Bergner E, Kahanda S, Cobry E, Jaser SS. Sleep in type 1 diabetes: Implications for glycemic control and diabetes management. Curr Diab Rep. 2018;18(2):5.
  • 32. American Diabetes Association. 2. Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2020. Diabetes Care. 2020;43(Suppl 1):S14-S31.
  • 33. Dağdelen S. Diyabet Tedavi ve Klinik İzlem Protokolleri. T. C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Sağlık Hizmetleri genel Müdürlüğü, Ankara, 2019
  • 34. Cengiz E, Danne T, Ahmad T, Ayyavoo A, Beran D, Ehtisham S, Fairchild J, Jarosz-Chobot P, May Ng S, Paterson M, Codner E. ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2022: Insulin treatment in children and adolescents with diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes. 2022;23(8):1277‐1296.
There are 34 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Çağrı Çövener Özçelik 0000-0002-7912-4553

Eda Aktaş 0000-0003-1424-9678

Project Number -
Publication Date April 28, 2023
Acceptance Date April 25, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 7 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Çövener Özçelik, Ç., & Aktaş, E. (2023). Tip 1 Diyabette Gece Hipoglisemisi “Ebeveynler Önlemeyi Biliyor mu?”: Tanımlayıcı Bir Çalışma. Türkiye Diyabet Ve Obezite Dergisi, 7(1), 72-80. https://doi.org/10.25048/tudod.1258860
AMA Çövener Özçelik Ç, Aktaş E. Tip 1 Diyabette Gece Hipoglisemisi “Ebeveynler Önlemeyi Biliyor mu?”: Tanımlayıcı Bir Çalışma. Turk J Diab Obes. April 2023;7(1):72-80. doi:10.25048/tudod.1258860
Chicago Çövener Özçelik, Çağrı, and Eda Aktaş. “Tip 1 Diyabette Gece Hipoglisemisi ‘Ebeveynler Önlemeyi Biliyor mu?’: Tanımlayıcı Bir Çalışma”. Türkiye Diyabet Ve Obezite Dergisi 7, no. 1 (April 2023): 72-80. https://doi.org/10.25048/tudod.1258860.
EndNote Çövener Özçelik Ç, Aktaş E (April 1, 2023) Tip 1 Diyabette Gece Hipoglisemisi “Ebeveynler Önlemeyi Biliyor mu?”: Tanımlayıcı Bir Çalışma. Türkiye Diyabet ve Obezite Dergisi 7 1 72–80.
IEEE Ç. Çövener Özçelik and E. Aktaş, “Tip 1 Diyabette Gece Hipoglisemisi ‘Ebeveynler Önlemeyi Biliyor mu?’: Tanımlayıcı Bir Çalışma”, Turk J Diab Obes, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 72–80, 2023, doi: 10.25048/tudod.1258860.
ISNAD Çövener Özçelik, Çağrı - Aktaş, Eda. “Tip 1 Diyabette Gece Hipoglisemisi ‘Ebeveynler Önlemeyi Biliyor mu?’: Tanımlayıcı Bir Çalışma”. Türkiye Diyabet ve Obezite Dergisi 7/1 (April 2023), 72-80. https://doi.org/10.25048/tudod.1258860.
JAMA Çövener Özçelik Ç, Aktaş E. Tip 1 Diyabette Gece Hipoglisemisi “Ebeveynler Önlemeyi Biliyor mu?”: Tanımlayıcı Bir Çalışma. Turk J Diab Obes. 2023;7:72–80.
MLA Çövener Özçelik, Çağrı and Eda Aktaş. “Tip 1 Diyabette Gece Hipoglisemisi ‘Ebeveynler Önlemeyi Biliyor mu?’: Tanımlayıcı Bir Çalışma”. Türkiye Diyabet Ve Obezite Dergisi, vol. 7, no. 1, 2023, pp. 72-80, doi:10.25048/tudod.1258860.
Vancouver Çövener Özçelik Ç, Aktaş E. Tip 1 Diyabette Gece Hipoglisemisi “Ebeveynler Önlemeyi Biliyor mu?”: Tanımlayıcı Bir Çalışma. Turk J Diab Obes. 2023;7(1):72-80.
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