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ZEYTİN ÇEKİRDEĞİ TOZU İLAVE EDİLMİŞ POLİPROPİLEN KOMPOZİTİNİN MEKANİK ÖZELLİKLERİ

Year 2022, Volume: 4 Issue: 1, 36 - 49, 07.01.2022

Abstract

Bu çalışmada; toz haline getirilmiş zeytin çekirdeği tozları polipropilen (PP) polimeri içerisine ağırlıkça %5-10-15 ve 20 oranında katılarak çift vidalı ekstrüzyon makinesinde karıştırılmış ve dört farklı kompozit malzeme üretilmiştir. Polipropilen ve zeytin çekirdeği tozları arasındaki uyumluluğu artırmak için kompozite %5 oranında maleik anhidrit aşılanmış polipropilen (MA-g-PP) eklenmiştir. Daha sonra granül halindeki kompozit malzemeler enjeksiyon kalıplama yöntemi ile kalıplanarak standart test numuneleri basılmıştır. Kompozitin mekanik özellikleri hakkında bilgi edinmek için elastiklik modülü, akma mukavemeti, çekme mukavemeti, % uzama, sertlik, Izod darbe mukavemeti ve yoğunluk deneyleri yapılmıştır. Ayrıca zeytin çekirdeği tozlarının matris içerisinde dağılımlarını görmek için darbe testleri sonucundan elde edilen kırık yüzeylerden taramalı elektron mikroskobisi (SEM) ile fotoğrafları çekilmiştir. Yapılan testlerin sonuçlarına göre, matris içerisinde zeytin çekirdeği toz (ZÇT) oranının artmasıyla; elastiklik modülü, sertlik ve yoğunluk değerlerinin yükseldiği buna karşılık akma mukavemeti, çekme mukavemeti, % uzama ve darbe mukavemeti değerlerinin düştüğü tespit edilmiştir.

References

  • [1] Kızıltas, A., Gardner, D.J., Han, Y. and Yang, H.S. Determining the mechanical properties of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) filled PET/PTT blend composites. Wood Fiber Sci., 42(2):165, 2010.
  • [2] Papanicolaou, G.C, Koutsomitopoulou, A.F and Sfakianakis, A., Effect of thermal fatigue on the mechanical properties of epoxy matrix composites reinforced with olive pits powder. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2012; 124 (1): 67, 2012.
  • [3] Ogah, A. And Afiukwa. J., Characterization and comparison of mechanical behavior of agro fiber-filled high-density polyethene bio-composites. Journal of reinforced plastics & composites, 33(1): 37, 2014.
  • [4] Koutsomitopoulou ,A. F., Bénézet. J.C., Bergeret, A. and Papanicolaou, G.C., Preparation and characterization of olive pit powder as filler to PLA-matrix bio-composites. Powder Technology, 255: 10, 2014.
  • [5] Pattara, C., Cappelletti, G.M and Cichelli, A., Recovery and use of olive stones: commodity, environmental and economic assessment. Renew Sustain Energy Rev, 14:1484, 2010.
  • [6] Naghmouchi, I., Espinach, F.X., Mutje, P. And Boufi, S., Polypropylene composites based on lignocellulosic fillers: How the filler morphology affects the composite properties. Materials Design, 65:454, 2015.
  • [7] Naghmouchi, I., Mutjé, P. And Boufi, S.,. Polyvinyl chloride composites filled with olive stone flour: mechanical, thermal, and water absorption properties. J Appl Polym Sci., 131:41083, 2014
  • [8] Taşdemir, M., Kaştan, A., Zeytin çekirdeği tozu ilave edilmiş polipropilen kompozitinin aşınma ve fiziksel özellikleri. BEÜ Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 10(2), 568-576, 2021.
  • [9] Asim, M., Abdan, K,. Jawaid, M., Nasir, M., Dashtizadeh, Z., Ishak, M.R. and Hoque, M.E., A review on pineapple leaves fibre and its composites. International Journal of Polymer Science, 1:16, 2015.
  • [10] Azwa, Z.N., Yousif, B.F., Manalo, A.C. and Karunasena, W., A review on the degradability of polymeric composites base on natural fibres. Mater Des., 47: 424, 2013.
  • [11] Gümüş B.E., Yağcı Ö., Erdoğan D.C., Taşdemir M., Dynamical mechanical properties of polypropylene composites filled with olive pit particles. Journal of Testing and Evaluation, 47 (4): 2551-2561, 2019.
  • [12] Qutaiba, A., Investigation into the modes of damage and failure in natural fiber reinforced epoxy composite materials. Ph.D. Thesis, University of East London, 2011.
  • [13] Tasdemir, M., Effects of olive pit and almond shell powder on polypropylene. Key Engineering Materials, 733:65, 2017.
  • [14] Kılıçaslan, C., Zeytin pirinası/polyester kompozitin basma yükü altındaki mekanik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi. Mühendis ve makina dergisi, cilt: 57(656):26, 2016.
  • [15] Djidjelli, H., Benachour, D., Boukerrou, A., Zefouni, O., Martinez-Véga, J., Farenc, J. and Kaci, M., Thermal, Dielectric and Mechanical Study of Poly(vinyl Chloride)/Olive Pomace Composites. Express Polymer Letters, 1:846, 2007.
  • [16] Mousa, A. and Heinrich, G., Thermoplastic composites based on renewable natural resources: unplasticized PVC/ olive husk. International Journal of Polymeric Materials, 59:843, 2010.
  • [17] Ihamouchen, C., Djidjelli, H., Boukerrou, A., Krim, S., Kaci, M. and Martinez, J. J, Effect of surface treatment on the physicomechanical and thermal properties of high density polyethylene/olive husk flour composites. Journal of applied polymer Science, 123:1310, 2012.
  • [18] Gharbi, A., Hassen, R. B. and Boufi, S., Composite materials from unsaturated polyester resin and olive nuts residue: The effect of silane treatment. Industrial crops and products, 62:491, 2014.
  • [19] Valvez S., Maceiras M., Santos P., Reis P.N.B., Olive Stones as filler for polymer-based composites:a review. Materials, 14: 845, 2021.
  • [20] Banat R., Olive pomace flour as potential organic filler in composite materials: A brief review. American Journal of Polymer Science, 9 (1): 10-15, 2019.

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF OLIVE PIT POWDER ADDED POLYPROPYLENE COMPOSITE

Year 2022, Volume: 4 Issue: 1, 36 - 49, 07.01.2022

Abstract

In this study, powdered olive pits were added to polypropylene at a rate of 5-10-15 and 20% by weight, and four different polymer composite materials with olive pits were produced by twin screw extruder. 5% maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MA-g-PP) was added to the composite to increase the compatibility of polypropylene and olive pits. Later, the granular composite material was molded by injection molding method and standard test samples were molded. In order to learn about the mechanical properties of the composite, elasticity modulus, yield strength, tensile strength, % elongation, hardness, Izod impact strength and density tests were performed. In addition, in order to see the distribution of olive pit powders in the matrix, photographs of the broken surface were taken with scanning electron microscopy. According to the results of the tests, with the increase of olive pits powder ratios in the matrix; It was determined that the elasticity modulus, hardness and density values increased while the yield strength, tensile strength, elongation, and impact strength values decreased.

References

  • [1] Kızıltas, A., Gardner, D.J., Han, Y. and Yang, H.S. Determining the mechanical properties of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) filled PET/PTT blend composites. Wood Fiber Sci., 42(2):165, 2010.
  • [2] Papanicolaou, G.C, Koutsomitopoulou, A.F and Sfakianakis, A., Effect of thermal fatigue on the mechanical properties of epoxy matrix composites reinforced with olive pits powder. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2012; 124 (1): 67, 2012.
  • [3] Ogah, A. And Afiukwa. J., Characterization and comparison of mechanical behavior of agro fiber-filled high-density polyethene bio-composites. Journal of reinforced plastics & composites, 33(1): 37, 2014.
  • [4] Koutsomitopoulou ,A. F., Bénézet. J.C., Bergeret, A. and Papanicolaou, G.C., Preparation and characterization of olive pit powder as filler to PLA-matrix bio-composites. Powder Technology, 255: 10, 2014.
  • [5] Pattara, C., Cappelletti, G.M and Cichelli, A., Recovery and use of olive stones: commodity, environmental and economic assessment. Renew Sustain Energy Rev, 14:1484, 2010.
  • [6] Naghmouchi, I., Espinach, F.X., Mutje, P. And Boufi, S., Polypropylene composites based on lignocellulosic fillers: How the filler morphology affects the composite properties. Materials Design, 65:454, 2015.
  • [7] Naghmouchi, I., Mutjé, P. And Boufi, S.,. Polyvinyl chloride composites filled with olive stone flour: mechanical, thermal, and water absorption properties. J Appl Polym Sci., 131:41083, 2014
  • [8] Taşdemir, M., Kaştan, A., Zeytin çekirdeği tozu ilave edilmiş polipropilen kompozitinin aşınma ve fiziksel özellikleri. BEÜ Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 10(2), 568-576, 2021.
  • [9] Asim, M., Abdan, K,. Jawaid, M., Nasir, M., Dashtizadeh, Z., Ishak, M.R. and Hoque, M.E., A review on pineapple leaves fibre and its composites. International Journal of Polymer Science, 1:16, 2015.
  • [10] Azwa, Z.N., Yousif, B.F., Manalo, A.C. and Karunasena, W., A review on the degradability of polymeric composites base on natural fibres. Mater Des., 47: 424, 2013.
  • [11] Gümüş B.E., Yağcı Ö., Erdoğan D.C., Taşdemir M., Dynamical mechanical properties of polypropylene composites filled with olive pit particles. Journal of Testing and Evaluation, 47 (4): 2551-2561, 2019.
  • [12] Qutaiba, A., Investigation into the modes of damage and failure in natural fiber reinforced epoxy composite materials. Ph.D. Thesis, University of East London, 2011.
  • [13] Tasdemir, M., Effects of olive pit and almond shell powder on polypropylene. Key Engineering Materials, 733:65, 2017.
  • [14] Kılıçaslan, C., Zeytin pirinası/polyester kompozitin basma yükü altındaki mekanik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi. Mühendis ve makina dergisi, cilt: 57(656):26, 2016.
  • [15] Djidjelli, H., Benachour, D., Boukerrou, A., Zefouni, O., Martinez-Véga, J., Farenc, J. and Kaci, M., Thermal, Dielectric and Mechanical Study of Poly(vinyl Chloride)/Olive Pomace Composites. Express Polymer Letters, 1:846, 2007.
  • [16] Mousa, A. and Heinrich, G., Thermoplastic composites based on renewable natural resources: unplasticized PVC/ olive husk. International Journal of Polymeric Materials, 59:843, 2010.
  • [17] Ihamouchen, C., Djidjelli, H., Boukerrou, A., Krim, S., Kaci, M. and Martinez, J. J, Effect of surface treatment on the physicomechanical and thermal properties of high density polyethylene/olive husk flour composites. Journal of applied polymer Science, 123:1310, 2012.
  • [18] Gharbi, A., Hassen, R. B. and Boufi, S., Composite materials from unsaturated polyester resin and olive nuts residue: The effect of silane treatment. Industrial crops and products, 62:491, 2014.
  • [19] Valvez S., Maceiras M., Santos P., Reis P.N.B., Olive Stones as filler for polymer-based composites:a review. Materials, 14: 845, 2021.
  • [20] Banat R., Olive pomace flour as potential organic filler in composite materials: A brief review. American Journal of Polymer Science, 9 (1): 10-15, 2019.
There are 20 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Münir Taşdemir 0000-0001-8635-7251

Alim Kaştan 0000-0002-6514-3796

Early Pub Date January 7, 2022
Publication Date January 7, 2022
Submission Date November 9, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 4 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Taşdemir, M., & Kaştan, A. (2022). ZEYTİN ÇEKİRDEĞİ TOZU İLAVE EDİLMİŞ POLİPROPİLEN KOMPOZİTİNİN MEKANİK ÖZELLİKLERİ. Uluslararası Batı Karadeniz Mühendislik Ve Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 4(1), 36-49.
AMA Taşdemir M, Kaştan A. ZEYTİN ÇEKİRDEĞİ TOZU İLAVE EDİLMİŞ POLİPROPİLEN KOMPOZİTİNİN MEKANİK ÖZELLİKLERİ. UMÜFED. January 2022;4(1):36-49.
Chicago Taşdemir, Münir, and Alim Kaştan. “ZEYTİN ÇEKİRDEĞİ TOZU İLAVE EDİLMİŞ POLİPROPİLEN KOMPOZİTİNİN MEKANİK ÖZELLİKLERİ”. Uluslararası Batı Karadeniz Mühendislik Ve Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 4, no. 1 (January 2022): 36-49.
EndNote Taşdemir M, Kaştan A (January 1, 2022) ZEYTİN ÇEKİRDEĞİ TOZU İLAVE EDİLMİŞ POLİPROPİLEN KOMPOZİTİNİN MEKANİK ÖZELLİKLERİ. Uluslararası Batı Karadeniz Mühendislik ve Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 4 1 36–49.
IEEE M. Taşdemir and A. Kaştan, “ZEYTİN ÇEKİRDEĞİ TOZU İLAVE EDİLMİŞ POLİPROPİLEN KOMPOZİTİNİN MEKANİK ÖZELLİKLERİ”, UMÜFED, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 36–49, 2022.
ISNAD Taşdemir, Münir - Kaştan, Alim. “ZEYTİN ÇEKİRDEĞİ TOZU İLAVE EDİLMİŞ POLİPROPİLEN KOMPOZİTİNİN MEKANİK ÖZELLİKLERİ”. Uluslararası Batı Karadeniz Mühendislik ve Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 4/1 (January 2022), 36-49.
JAMA Taşdemir M, Kaştan A. ZEYTİN ÇEKİRDEĞİ TOZU İLAVE EDİLMİŞ POLİPROPİLEN KOMPOZİTİNİN MEKANİK ÖZELLİKLERİ. UMÜFED. 2022;4:36–49.
MLA Taşdemir, Münir and Alim Kaştan. “ZEYTİN ÇEKİRDEĞİ TOZU İLAVE EDİLMİŞ POLİPROPİLEN KOMPOZİTİNİN MEKANİK ÖZELLİKLERİ”. Uluslararası Batı Karadeniz Mühendislik Ve Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 4, no. 1, 2022, pp. 36-49.
Vancouver Taşdemir M, Kaştan A. ZEYTİN ÇEKİRDEĞİ TOZU İLAVE EDİLMİŞ POLİPROPİLEN KOMPOZİTİNİN MEKANİK ÖZELLİKLERİ. UMÜFED. 2022;4(1):36-49.