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KÜRESEL YOLSUZLUK ENDEKSLERİ: ELEŞTİREL BİR DEĞERLENDİRME

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 17, 223 - 245, 29.12.2021

Öz

Yolsuzlukla ilgili endişeler; Uluslararası Şeffaflık Örgütü, Dünya Bankası ve Freedom House gibi kuruluşları, çeşitli yöntemlerin yanı sıra eşit derecede önemli diğer bazı göstergeleri kullanarak temel bazı göstergeler geliştirmeye sevk etmiştir. Bununla birlikte endekslerin yapısı farklılık göstermekte ve küresel yolsuzluk endekslerinin uygulamaları ve zorlukları hakkında endişeler yaratmaktadır. Bu çalışma, söz konusu endekslerin etkili ve kullanışlı olup olmadığını incelemekte ve endeksler etrafındaki bazı tartışmalara yer vermektedir. Bu çerçevede, Dünya Bankası, Yolsuzluk Endeksi, Freedom House ve Uluslararası Şeffaflık göstergelerinin, nasıl çalıştıkları, metodolojileri, finansman kaynakları, raporlama sıklıkları, motivasyonları ve küresel erişimleri kapsamlı bir incelemeye tabi tutulmaktadır. Çalışmada; Yolsuzluk Ölçümü, Yolsuzluk Endekslerinin Kullanımı ve Küresel Yolsuzluk Endekslerinin Zorlukları konularına özel bir önem atfedilmiştir. Çalışma, yolsuzluğun ölçülmesindeki zorluklara rağmen, bunun hala farklı ülkeler üzerinde olumsuz etkileri olan bir gerçek olduğu sonucuna varmaktadır. Uluslararası yolsuzluk önlemleri bazı ülkelerin refah ve demokrasi düzeyine olumlu katkıda bulunurken, diğerleri için de son derece olumsuz sonuçlar doğurabilir. Her ne kadar küresel bir bilince kapı aralayan faydalı bir çerçeve olarak görülseler de yolsuzluk değerlendirmelerinin arkasındaki politik ruh asla gözden kaçırılmamalıdır.

Kaynakça

  • Aktan, C. C. (2019). Yolsuzlukla Mücadele Stratejileri, Hak İş Konfederasyonu Yayınları, Ankara
  • Andersson S. and Heywood P. (2009). The Politics of Perception: Use and Abuse of Transparency International's Approach to Measuring Corruption. Political Studies. 57: 746-767.
  • Andvig, J. C., Amundsen, O.-H. F. I., & Søreide, T., (2000, May 13). Research on Corruption. Chr. Michelsen Institute (CMI) & Norwegian Institute of International Affairs (NUPI).
  • Apaza, C. R. (2009). Measuring Governance and Corruption Through the Worldwide Governance Indicators: Critiques, Responses, and Ongoing Scholarly Discussion. PS: Political Science and Politics, 139-143.
  • Arndt, C. and Oman, C. (2006). Uses and Abuses of Governance Indicators. Development Centre of the OECD. Paris
  • Eigen, P. (2005) Statement by the Chairman of TI, 18 October 2005 [online]http://www.transparency.org/policy_research/surveys_indices/cpi/2005/statement_pe [Accessed 27th February, 2021].
  • Elliott, K. A. (2002). Corruption as an International Policy Problem. Political Corruption: Concepts and Contexts. Taylor & Francis Puplishing
  • Farazmand, A. (2001), Globalization, the State and Public Administration: A Theoretical Analysis with Policy Implications for Developmental States. Public Organization Review: A Global Journal 1: 437-463.
  • Financial Times (2004) Hazards of Charting Corruption [online]. Available from: http://news.ft.com/cms/s/d0c8d270-2235-11d9-8c55-00000e2511c8.html [Accessed on 26th February, 2021].
  • Freedom House (2014). Methodology. https://freedomhouse.org/sites/default/files/Methodology_Proof1.pdf accessed on 26/02/2021
  • Freedom House (2020). Source Description. https://www.ecoi.net/en/source/11154.html accesed on 26.02.2021
  • Galtung, F. (1998). Criteria for sustainable corruption control. The European Journal of Development Research, 1, 105–128.
  • Glynn, P., Kobrin, S. J., & Naim, M. (1997). The Globalization of Corruption. Corruption and the Global Economy, 7, 17.
  • Hawken A. and Munck G. (2009) Do You Know Your Data? Measurement Validity in Corruption Research, Working Paper, School of Public Policy, Pepperdine University. California.
  • Heywood, P. M. (2015). Measuring Corruption: Perspectives, Critiques, and Limits. Routledge Handbook of Political Corruption, 137-153.
  • Huberts, L., Lasthuizen, K., & Peeters, C. (2006). Measuring Corruption: Exploring the Iceberg. In C. J. G. Sampford (Ed.), Measuring Corruption. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.
  • Ince, M., Taner, A. (2017). The Globalization and the Implications for Public Accountability: Turkey Case. 3rd International Congress on Political, Economic and Social Studies (ICPESS), 09-11 Nov. 2017.
  • Jenkins R. (2007). The Role of Political Institutions in Promoting Accountability. Performance Accountability and Combating Corruption, ed. Anwar Shah, Washington, D.C., The World Bank.
  • Kaufman, D. (1997). Corruption: The Facts. Foreign Policy. Vol.107 (summer): 114–31.
  • Kaufmann, D., A. Kraay and M. Mastruzzi (2003), Governance Matters III: Governance Indicators for 1996–2002. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 3106.
  • Kaufmann, D., A. Kraay and M. Mastruzzi (2009). Governance Matters VIII: Aggregate and Individual Governance Indicators 1996–2008. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 4978.
  • Kaufmann, D., Kraay, A., & Mastruzzi, M. (2011). The Worldwide Governance Indicators: Methodology and Analytical Issues1. Hague Journal on the Rule of Law, 3(2), 220-246.
  • Kaufmann, D. A. Kraay and P. Zoido-Lobaton (1999). Aggregating Governance Indicators. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 2195.
  • Keck, M. E., & Sikkink, K. (1998). Activists Beyond Borders: Advocacy Networks in International Politics. Cornell University Press.
  • Knack, S. (2006). Measuring Corruption in Eastern Europe and Central Asia: A Critique of the Cross-Country Indicators. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 3968.
  • Knack, S., & Keefer, P. (1995). Institutions and Economic Performance: Cross‐Country Tests Using Alternative Institutional Measures. Economics & Politics, 203–227.
  • Kolstad, I., Fritz, V., & O’Neil, T. (2008). Corruption, Anti-Corruption Efforts and Aid: Do Donors Have the Right Approach? http://www.odi.org.uk/PPPG/politics_and_governance/publications/GAPWP3.pdf Aid.
  • Kubik, J., & Linch, A. (Eds.). (2013). Postcommunism from Within: Social Justice, Mobilization, and Hegemony (Vol. 8). NYU Press.
  • Lambsdorff, J. G. (2007). The Institutional Economics of Corruption and Reform. Cambridge University Press.
  • Lambsdorff, J. G. (2008). The Methodology of the Corruption Perceptions Index 2008, http://www.transparency.org/policy_research/ surveys_indices/cpi/2008 (accessed 2 March, 2021).
  • Malito, D. (2014). Measuring Corruption Indicators and Indices. Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies Research Paper, 13.
  • Morris, S. D. (2011). Forms of Corruption. CESifo DICE report, 9(2), 10-14.
  • Newell, J. L. (2018). Corruption in Contemporary Politics. Manchester University Press.
  • Rao, S., & Marquette, H. (2012). Corruption Indicators ın Performance Assessment Frameworks for Budget Support. U4 Issue. March 2012, No 1
  • Rohwer, A. (2009). Measuring Corruption: A Comparison Between the Transparency International's Corruption Perceptions Index and the World Bank's Worldwide Governance Indicators. CESifo DICE Report, 7(3), 42-52.
  • Rose-Ackerman, Susan. (1999). Corruption and Government: Causes, Consequences and Reform. Cambridge University Press.
  • Sampford, C. J. G. (2006). Measuring Corruption. Ashgate Publishing Company. Transparency International (2013). Website. Available at: http://www.transparency.org/
  • Søreide, T. (2006). Business Corruption: Incidence, Mechanisms, and Consequnces. Thesis Submitted for the Degree of Dr. Oecon at the Norwegian, School of Economics and Business Administration (NHH), Bergen, Norway.
  • Transparency International (2006) Frequently Asked Questions about Transparency International [online]. Available from: http://www.transparency.org/news_room/faq/faq_ti [Accessed on 26th February, 2021].
  • Transparency International, (2020). Corruption Perception Index 2019. https://www.transparency.org/files/content/pages/2019_CPI_Report_EN.pdf accesed on 22.02.2021
  • Transparency International, Corruption Perception Index (2012). Corruption Perceptions Index 2012: Short Methodology Note. https://www.transparency.org/files/content/pressrelease/2012_CPIShortMethodologyNote_EMBARGO_EN.pdf accessed on 22.feb.2021.
  • Treisman, D. 2007. ‘What Have We Learned About the Causes of Corruption from Ten Yeats of Cross-National Empirical Research?’ Annu. Rev. Polit. Sci. 10: 211–44.
  • United Nations. (2004). United Nations Handbook on Practical Anti-Corruption Measures for Prosecutors and Investigators. United Nations.
  • UNCAC (United Nations Convention Against Corruption) (2004). https://www.unodc.org/documents/brussels/UN_Convention_Against_Corruption.pdf
  • USAID Frontlines (2005) Fight against Corruption Becomes Part of Foreign Aid Strategy [online]. Available from: http://www.usaid.gov/press/frontlines/fl_jan05/develop.htm [Accessed 28 February, 2021].
  • USInfo (2004) Countries Eligible for New US Aid to be Selected in May [online]. Available from: http://usinfo.state.gov/ei/Archive/2004/Mar/11-340626.html [Accessed 28 February, 2021].
  • Van Der Vleuten V. and Verloo M. (2012) Ranking and Benchmarking: New Regulatory Instruments in the Fields of Gender Equality & Politics 40(1): 73-88.
  • Van Dijk, J., & Van Mierlo, F. K. (2011). Indicators of Corruption: Further Explorations of the Link Between Corruption and Implementation Failure ın Anti-Trafficking Policies. Working Paper, International Victimology Institute (INTERVICT), University of Tilburg, the Netherlands, 1–30.
  • Wang, H., & Rosenau, J. N. (2001). Transparency International And Corruption As an Issue of Global Governance. Global Governance: A Review of Multilateralism and International Organizations, 7(1), 25-49.
  • Weber Abramo, C. (2007) How Much Do Perceptions of Corruption Really Tell Us? Economics Discussion Papers 2007-19 [online]. Available from: http://www.economics-ejournal.org/economics/discussionpapers [Accessed 27 February, 2021].
  • Worldwide Governance Indicators. (WGI) (2013). Frequently Asked Questions. Available at: http://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/faq.htm.

GLOBAL CORRUPTION INDEXES: A CRITICAL OVERVIEW

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 17, 223 - 245, 29.12.2021

Öz

Concerns about corruption have prompted organizations such as Transparency International, the World Bank, and Freedom House to develop some key indicators using a variety of methods, as well as other equally important indicators. The construction of indexes, on the other hand, differs, posing concerns about the global corruption indices' implementations and challenges. This study examines whether these indices are effective and useful and elaborates on some discussions about them. In this context, the World Bank, Corruption Index, Freedom House and Transparency International indicators are subjected to a comprehensive review of how they work, their methodologies, sources of financing, reporting frequencies, motivations and global reach. In this study, special attention is paid to Measurement of Corruption, Utilization of Corruption Indices and Challenges of Global Corruption Indices. The paper concludes that despite the challenge of measuring corruption, it still is a reality with negative impact on different countries. While international measures of corruption may contribute positively to the welfare and democracy level of some countries, they can have extremely negative consequences for others as well. Although they are seen as a useful framework that opens the door to a global awareness, the political spirit behind the corruption assessments should never be overlooked.

Kaynakça

  • Aktan, C. C. (2019). Yolsuzlukla Mücadele Stratejileri, Hak İş Konfederasyonu Yayınları, Ankara
  • Andersson S. and Heywood P. (2009). The Politics of Perception: Use and Abuse of Transparency International's Approach to Measuring Corruption. Political Studies. 57: 746-767.
  • Andvig, J. C., Amundsen, O.-H. F. I., & Søreide, T., (2000, May 13). Research on Corruption. Chr. Michelsen Institute (CMI) & Norwegian Institute of International Affairs (NUPI).
  • Apaza, C. R. (2009). Measuring Governance and Corruption Through the Worldwide Governance Indicators: Critiques, Responses, and Ongoing Scholarly Discussion. PS: Political Science and Politics, 139-143.
  • Arndt, C. and Oman, C. (2006). Uses and Abuses of Governance Indicators. Development Centre of the OECD. Paris
  • Eigen, P. (2005) Statement by the Chairman of TI, 18 October 2005 [online]http://www.transparency.org/policy_research/surveys_indices/cpi/2005/statement_pe [Accessed 27th February, 2021].
  • Elliott, K. A. (2002). Corruption as an International Policy Problem. Political Corruption: Concepts and Contexts. Taylor & Francis Puplishing
  • Farazmand, A. (2001), Globalization, the State and Public Administration: A Theoretical Analysis with Policy Implications for Developmental States. Public Organization Review: A Global Journal 1: 437-463.
  • Financial Times (2004) Hazards of Charting Corruption [online]. Available from: http://news.ft.com/cms/s/d0c8d270-2235-11d9-8c55-00000e2511c8.html [Accessed on 26th February, 2021].
  • Freedom House (2014). Methodology. https://freedomhouse.org/sites/default/files/Methodology_Proof1.pdf accessed on 26/02/2021
  • Freedom House (2020). Source Description. https://www.ecoi.net/en/source/11154.html accesed on 26.02.2021
  • Galtung, F. (1998). Criteria for sustainable corruption control. The European Journal of Development Research, 1, 105–128.
  • Glynn, P., Kobrin, S. J., & Naim, M. (1997). The Globalization of Corruption. Corruption and the Global Economy, 7, 17.
  • Hawken A. and Munck G. (2009) Do You Know Your Data? Measurement Validity in Corruption Research, Working Paper, School of Public Policy, Pepperdine University. California.
  • Heywood, P. M. (2015). Measuring Corruption: Perspectives, Critiques, and Limits. Routledge Handbook of Political Corruption, 137-153.
  • Huberts, L., Lasthuizen, K., & Peeters, C. (2006). Measuring Corruption: Exploring the Iceberg. In C. J. G. Sampford (Ed.), Measuring Corruption. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.
  • Ince, M., Taner, A. (2017). The Globalization and the Implications for Public Accountability: Turkey Case. 3rd International Congress on Political, Economic and Social Studies (ICPESS), 09-11 Nov. 2017.
  • Jenkins R. (2007). The Role of Political Institutions in Promoting Accountability. Performance Accountability and Combating Corruption, ed. Anwar Shah, Washington, D.C., The World Bank.
  • Kaufman, D. (1997). Corruption: The Facts. Foreign Policy. Vol.107 (summer): 114–31.
  • Kaufmann, D., A. Kraay and M. Mastruzzi (2003), Governance Matters III: Governance Indicators for 1996–2002. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 3106.
  • Kaufmann, D., A. Kraay and M. Mastruzzi (2009). Governance Matters VIII: Aggregate and Individual Governance Indicators 1996–2008. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 4978.
  • Kaufmann, D., Kraay, A., & Mastruzzi, M. (2011). The Worldwide Governance Indicators: Methodology and Analytical Issues1. Hague Journal on the Rule of Law, 3(2), 220-246.
  • Kaufmann, D. A. Kraay and P. Zoido-Lobaton (1999). Aggregating Governance Indicators. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 2195.
  • Keck, M. E., & Sikkink, K. (1998). Activists Beyond Borders: Advocacy Networks in International Politics. Cornell University Press.
  • Knack, S. (2006). Measuring Corruption in Eastern Europe and Central Asia: A Critique of the Cross-Country Indicators. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 3968.
  • Knack, S., & Keefer, P. (1995). Institutions and Economic Performance: Cross‐Country Tests Using Alternative Institutional Measures. Economics & Politics, 203–227.
  • Kolstad, I., Fritz, V., & O’Neil, T. (2008). Corruption, Anti-Corruption Efforts and Aid: Do Donors Have the Right Approach? http://www.odi.org.uk/PPPG/politics_and_governance/publications/GAPWP3.pdf Aid.
  • Kubik, J., & Linch, A. (Eds.). (2013). Postcommunism from Within: Social Justice, Mobilization, and Hegemony (Vol. 8). NYU Press.
  • Lambsdorff, J. G. (2007). The Institutional Economics of Corruption and Reform. Cambridge University Press.
  • Lambsdorff, J. G. (2008). The Methodology of the Corruption Perceptions Index 2008, http://www.transparency.org/policy_research/ surveys_indices/cpi/2008 (accessed 2 March, 2021).
  • Malito, D. (2014). Measuring Corruption Indicators and Indices. Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies Research Paper, 13.
  • Morris, S. D. (2011). Forms of Corruption. CESifo DICE report, 9(2), 10-14.
  • Newell, J. L. (2018). Corruption in Contemporary Politics. Manchester University Press.
  • Rao, S., & Marquette, H. (2012). Corruption Indicators ın Performance Assessment Frameworks for Budget Support. U4 Issue. March 2012, No 1
  • Rohwer, A. (2009). Measuring Corruption: A Comparison Between the Transparency International's Corruption Perceptions Index and the World Bank's Worldwide Governance Indicators. CESifo DICE Report, 7(3), 42-52.
  • Rose-Ackerman, Susan. (1999). Corruption and Government: Causes, Consequences and Reform. Cambridge University Press.
  • Sampford, C. J. G. (2006). Measuring Corruption. Ashgate Publishing Company. Transparency International (2013). Website. Available at: http://www.transparency.org/
  • Søreide, T. (2006). Business Corruption: Incidence, Mechanisms, and Consequnces. Thesis Submitted for the Degree of Dr. Oecon at the Norwegian, School of Economics and Business Administration (NHH), Bergen, Norway.
  • Transparency International (2006) Frequently Asked Questions about Transparency International [online]. Available from: http://www.transparency.org/news_room/faq/faq_ti [Accessed on 26th February, 2021].
  • Transparency International, (2020). Corruption Perception Index 2019. https://www.transparency.org/files/content/pages/2019_CPI_Report_EN.pdf accesed on 22.02.2021
  • Transparency International, Corruption Perception Index (2012). Corruption Perceptions Index 2012: Short Methodology Note. https://www.transparency.org/files/content/pressrelease/2012_CPIShortMethodologyNote_EMBARGO_EN.pdf accessed on 22.feb.2021.
  • Treisman, D. 2007. ‘What Have We Learned About the Causes of Corruption from Ten Yeats of Cross-National Empirical Research?’ Annu. Rev. Polit. Sci. 10: 211–44.
  • United Nations. (2004). United Nations Handbook on Practical Anti-Corruption Measures for Prosecutors and Investigators. United Nations.
  • UNCAC (United Nations Convention Against Corruption) (2004). https://www.unodc.org/documents/brussels/UN_Convention_Against_Corruption.pdf
  • USAID Frontlines (2005) Fight against Corruption Becomes Part of Foreign Aid Strategy [online]. Available from: http://www.usaid.gov/press/frontlines/fl_jan05/develop.htm [Accessed 28 February, 2021].
  • USInfo (2004) Countries Eligible for New US Aid to be Selected in May [online]. Available from: http://usinfo.state.gov/ei/Archive/2004/Mar/11-340626.html [Accessed 28 February, 2021].
  • Van Der Vleuten V. and Verloo M. (2012) Ranking and Benchmarking: New Regulatory Instruments in the Fields of Gender Equality & Politics 40(1): 73-88.
  • Van Dijk, J., & Van Mierlo, F. K. (2011). Indicators of Corruption: Further Explorations of the Link Between Corruption and Implementation Failure ın Anti-Trafficking Policies. Working Paper, International Victimology Institute (INTERVICT), University of Tilburg, the Netherlands, 1–30.
  • Wang, H., & Rosenau, J. N. (2001). Transparency International And Corruption As an Issue of Global Governance. Global Governance: A Review of Multilateralism and International Organizations, 7(1), 25-49.
  • Weber Abramo, C. (2007) How Much Do Perceptions of Corruption Really Tell Us? Economics Discussion Papers 2007-19 [online]. Available from: http://www.economics-ejournal.org/economics/discussionpapers [Accessed 27 February, 2021].
  • Worldwide Governance Indicators. (WGI) (2013). Frequently Asked Questions. Available at: http://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/faq.htm.
Toplam 51 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Tüm Sayı
Yazarlar

Yusuf Pustu 0000-0003-2578-3200

Abdul Malik Abdulai Bu kişi benim 0000-0003-1785-3758

Murat İnce 0000-0003-1519-0321

Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Aralık 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi 4 Eylül 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 17

Kaynak Göster

APA Pustu, Y., Abdulai, A. M., & İnce, M. (2021). GLOBAL CORRUPTION INDEXES: A CRITICAL OVERVIEW. Akademik Hassasiyetler, 8(17), 223-245.
AMA Pustu Y, Abdulai AM, İnce M. GLOBAL CORRUPTION INDEXES: A CRITICAL OVERVIEW. Akademik Hassasiyetler. Aralık 2021;8(17):223-245.
Chicago Pustu, Yusuf, Abdul Malik Abdulai, ve Murat İnce. “GLOBAL CORRUPTION INDEXES: A CRITICAL OVERVIEW”. Akademik Hassasiyetler 8, sy. 17 (Aralık 2021): 223-45.
EndNote Pustu Y, Abdulai AM, İnce M (01 Aralık 2021) GLOBAL CORRUPTION INDEXES: A CRITICAL OVERVIEW. Akademik Hassasiyetler 8 17 223–245.
IEEE Y. Pustu, A. M. Abdulai, ve M. İnce, “GLOBAL CORRUPTION INDEXES: A CRITICAL OVERVIEW”, Akademik Hassasiyetler, c. 8, sy. 17, ss. 223–245, 2021.
ISNAD Pustu, Yusuf vd. “GLOBAL CORRUPTION INDEXES: A CRITICAL OVERVIEW”. Akademik Hassasiyetler 8/17 (Aralık 2021), 223-245.
JAMA Pustu Y, Abdulai AM, İnce M. GLOBAL CORRUPTION INDEXES: A CRITICAL OVERVIEW. Akademik Hassasiyetler. 2021;8:223–245.
MLA Pustu, Yusuf vd. “GLOBAL CORRUPTION INDEXES: A CRITICAL OVERVIEW”. Akademik Hassasiyetler, c. 8, sy. 17, 2021, ss. 223-45.
Vancouver Pustu Y, Abdulai AM, İnce M. GLOBAL CORRUPTION INDEXES: A CRITICAL OVERVIEW. Akademik Hassasiyetler. 2021;8(17):223-45.

MAKALE DEĞERLENDİRME SÜRECİ

Yazar tarafından gönderilen bir makale, gönderim tarihinden itibaren 10 gün içinde dergi sekreteri tarafından makalenin, telif sözleşmesinin ve benzerlik raporunun (Turnitin programı) eksiksiz ve düzgün bir şekilde gönderilip gönderilmediği yönünden incelenir. İstenilen bu dosyalar eksiksiz ve düzgün bir şekilde gönderilmiş ise makale; ikinci aşamada derginin yayın çizgisine uygun olup olmadığı yönünden değerlendirilir. Bu süreçte makale yayın çizgisine uygun değilse yazara iade edilir. Makale yayın çizgisine uygun ise şablona uygun bir şekilde gönderilip gönderilmediği yönünden değerlendirilir. Şayet makale şablona uyarlanıp gönderilmemiş ise değerlendirme sürecine alınmaz. Bu süreçte yazarın derginin belirlediği şartlara uygun bir şekilde sisteme makale yüklemesi beklenir. Makale şablona uygun bir şekilde hazırlanıp gönderilmiş ise son aşamada makale derginin yayın ilkeleri, yazım kuralları, öz, abstract, extented abstract, kaynakça gösterimi vb. yönlerden incelenir. Bu ayrıntılarda makalede bir sorun varsa yazarın bu hususları tamamlaması istenir ve verilen süre içerisinde eksiksiz bir şekilde yeniden makaleyi göndermesi istenir.
Tüm bu aşamaları geçen makale, editör tarafından bilimsel yeterliliğinin denetlenmesi amacıyla ikinci 7 günlük süre içerisinde çalışmaya uygun iki hakeme değerlendirmeleri için gönderilir. Hakemlerin değerlendirme süreleri 15 gündür. Bu süre zarfında hakemlik görevini tamamlamayan bir hakem olursa ilgili hakeme değerlendirmeyi tamamlaması için 7 günlük ek süre verilebilir. Bu süre zarfında hakem görevini yerine getirmezse yerine yeni bir hakem ataması yapılır. En az iki hakemden gelen raporlar olumlu ise makale yayın aşamasına alınır. Hakem raporlarından birisi olumlu diğeri olumsuz ise makale üçüncü bir hakeme gönderilir. Üçüncü hakem raporu da olumsuz ise makale ret edilir. Üçüncü hakemin değerlendirmesi olumlu ise makaleyle ilgili hakem raporları dergi alan editörlerinden oluşan Editörler Kurulu tarafından incelenir. Makalenin yayınlanmasıyla ilgili nihai karar alan editörlerinden oluşan Editörler Kurulu tarafından verilir. Hakem raporlarının yetersiz ve tatmin etmekten uzak olması veya İngilizce editör tarafından abstract ve extented abstract’ın yetersiz görülmesi hallerinde de yine makaleyle ilgili son karar Editörler Kurulu tarafından verilir. Tüm bu aşamalardan geçen bir makale en yakın sayıya yayınlanmak üzere eklenir. İlgili sayıda yer kalmaması halinde makalenin yayımı bir sonraki sayıya kaydırılır. Bu durumda ve tüm değerlendirme sürecinde yazar isterse makalesini geri çekme hakkına sahiptir. Ancak bu durumu dergiye bildirmesi gerekir. Makale gönderim tarihinden makalenin yayına kabul tarihine kadar tüm bu işlemler için ortalama 3 aylık bir süre öngörülmektedir.