Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Presenteeism İyi Midir Kötü Müdür? Okullarda Fenomenolojik Bir Çalışma

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 4, 758 - 787, 31.10.2022
https://doi.org/10.30831/akukeg.1087858

Öz

Bu çalışma presenteesmi daha sık deneyimleyen eğitim çalışanlarının algılarına göre bütüncül ve kapsamlı bir şekilde analiz etmeyi ve olguyu Türk toplumunun sosyolojik, psikolojik ve teolojik dinamikleriyle ilişkisini ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Araştırma, nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden fenomenolojik desende yürütülmüştür. Çalışma grubu Türkiye'nin Elazığ ilinde görev yapan öğretmen ve okul yöneticilerinden oluşmaktadır. Katılımcıların sorumluluk duygusu, vicdan, işe bağlılık, kamu hizmeti, dini duyarlılık gibi motivasyonlar nedeniyle kendilerini iyi hissetmedikleri durumlarda gönüllü olarak çalışmaya karar verebildikleri belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca bazı katılımcılar örgütsel baskı, ekonomik zorluklar ve iş yükü nedeniyle iyi olmadıkları zamanlarda zorunlu bir şekilde çalışmaya karar verdiklerini ifade etmiştir. Son olarak, Presenteism'in olumsuz sonuçlarına ek olarak, literatürde nadiren görülen olumlu sonuçları da öngördüğü belirlenmiştir. Dolayısıyla presenteeism deneyimi, örgütler ve çalışanlar üzerindeki olumlu ve olumsuz etkileri dikkate alınarak değerlendirilmelidir.

Kaynakça

  • Abasilim, U.D., Salau, O.P., & Falola, O.H. (2015). Toward an understanding of presenteesim and its effects in the workplace. Journal of Public Administration & Management. 1(1), 74-85.
  • Açıkalın, A. (1994). Human Resource Management in Contemporary Organizations. Pegem.
  • Ammendolia, C., Côté, P., Cancelliere, C., Cassidy, D., Hartvigsen, J, Boyle, E., Soklaridis, S., Stern, P., & Amick, B. (2016). Healthy and productive workers: Using intervention mapping to design a workplace health promotion and wellness program to improve presenteeism. BMC Public Health, 16, 1190. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-016-3843-x
  • Aronsson, G., & Gustafsson, K. (2005). Sickness presenteeism: prevalence, attendance-pressure factors, and an outline of a model for research. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 47, 958–966. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.jom.0000177219.75677.17
  • Aronsson, G., Gustafsson, K., & Dallner, M. (2000). Sick but yet at work: An empirical study of sickness presenteeism. Journal of Epidemiology Community Health, 54, 502-509.
  • Auerbach, C.F., & Silverstein, L.B. (2003). Qualitative data: An introduction to coding and analysis. New York University Press.
  • Babbie, E. (1995). The practice of social research. Bowker, JM Belmont.
  • Bae, Y. H. (2021). Exploratory analysis of related factors with absenteeism and presenteeism on workers: using the Fourth Korea Working Condition Survey. International journal of environmental research and public health, 18(21), 11214. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111214
  • Bailey, C.A. (1996). A guide to field research. Pine Forge.
  • Baker-McClearn, D., Greasley, K., Dale, J., & Griffith, F. (20l0). Absent management and presenteeism: The pressures on employees to attend work and impact of attendance on performance. Human Resource Management Journal, 20(3), 311-328. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-8583.2009.00118.x
  • Bakker, A., & Demerouti, E. (2007). The job demands-resources model: State of the art. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 22(3), 309-328. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940710733115
  • Banihani, M., & Syed, J. (2017). Gendered work engagement: qualitative insights from Jordan. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 31(5), 1-27. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2017.1355838
  • Bergström, G., Bodin, L., Hagberg, J., Aronsson, G., & Josephson, M. (2009). Sickness presenteeism today, sickness absenteeism tomorrow? A prospective study on sickness presenteeism and future sickness absenteeism. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 51(6), 629-638. https://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0b013e3181a8281b
  • Beswick, D. M., Mace, J. C., Rudmik, L., Soler, Z. M., DeConde, A. S., & Smith, T. L. (2018, December). Productivity changes following medical and surgical treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis by symptom domain. In International forum of allergy & rhinology, 8(12), 1395-1405. https://doi.org/10.1002/alr.22191
  • Birks, M., Chapman, Y., & Francis, K. (2008). Memoing in qualitative research. Journal of Research in Nursing, 13(1), 68-75. https://doi.org/10.1177/1744987107081254
  • Biron, C., & Saksvik, P. Ø. (2009). Sickness presenteeism and attendance pressure factors: Implications for practice. In C. L. Cooper, J. C. Quick, & M. Schabracq (Eds.), Work and health psychology: The handbook (pp. 77–96). Wiley.
  • Biron, C., Brun, J.P., Ivers, H., & Cooper, C. (2006). At work but ill: Psychological work environment and well being determinanats of presenteeism propensity. Journal of Public Mental Health, 5(4),26-37. https://doi.org/10.1108/17465729200600029
  • Burton, W. N., Chen, C. Y., Conti, D. J., Schultz, A. B., & Edington, D. W. (2006). The association between health risk change and presenteeism change. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 48, 252–263. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.jom.0000201563.18108.af
  • Burton, W.N., Pransky, G., Conti, D.J., Chen, Chin-Yu, & Edington, D. E. (2004). The association of medical conditions and presenteeism. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 46(6), 38-45. https://doi.org/ 10.1097/01.jom.0000126687.49652.44
  • Casey, D., & Murphy, K. (2009). Issues in using methodological triangulation in research. Nurse Researcher, 16, 40–55. https://doi.org/10.7748/nr2009.07.16.4.40.c7160
  • Caverley, N., Cunningham, J.B., & MacGregor, J.N. (2007). Sickness presenteeism, sickness absenteeism, and health following restructuring in a public service organization. Journal of management studies, 44(2), 304-319. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2007.00690.x
  • Chams, N., & García-Blandón, J. (2019). On the importance of sustainable human resource management for the adoption of sustainable development goals. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 141, 109-122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2018.10.006
  • Chen, J. W., Lu, L., & Cooper, C. L. (2021). The compensatory protective effects of social support at work in presenteeism during the coronavirus disease pandemic. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 689. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.643437
  • Chiu, S., Black, C. L., Yue, X., Greby, S. M., Laney, A. S., Campbell, A. P., & de Perio, M. A. (2017). Working with influenza-like illness: presenteeism among US health care personnel during the 2014-2015 influenza season. American journal of infection control, 45(11), 1254-1258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2017.04.008
  • Cho, Y.S., Park, J.B., Lee, K.J., Min, K.B., & Baek, C.I. (2016). The association between Korean workers’ presenteeism and psychosocial factors within workplaces. Annals Of Occupational And Environmental Medicine, 28(1), 41. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-016-0124-1
  • Chou, C. Y., & Mach, M. (2021). Unlocking the Contradictory Outcomes of Presenteeism Through a Temporal Model: Effort Exertion as a Mediator. Frontiers in psychology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.740411
  • Conner, T.S., & Silvia, P.J. (2015). Creative days: a daily diary study of emotion, personality, and everyday creativity. Psychol. Aesthetics Creat Arts, 9, 463–470. https://doi.org/10.1037/aca0000022
  • Connolly, K.M., & Myers, J.E. (2003). Wellness and mattering: The role of holistic factors in job satisfaction. Journal of Employment Counseling, 40(4), 152-60. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-1920.2003.tb00866.x
  • Cooper, C. L., & Lu, L. (2016). Presenteeism as a global phenomenon: Unraveling the psychosocial mechanisms from the perspective of social cognitive theory. Cross Cultural and Strategic Management, 23(2), 216-231. https://doi.org/10.1108/ccsm-09-2015-0106
  • Cooper, C. L., & Lu, L. (2019). Excessive availability for work: Good or bad? Charting underlying motivations and searching for game-changers. Human Resource Management Review, 29(4), 100682. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2019.01.003
  • Creswell, J.W. (2013). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage.
  • Creswell, J. W. (2002). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative. Prentice Hall.
  • D’Abate, C.P., & Eddy, E.R. (2007). Engaging in personal business on the job: Extending the presenteeism construct. Human Resource Development Quarterly,18(3), 361-384. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrdq
  • Deery, S., Walsh, J., & Zatzick, C.D. (2014). A moderated mediation analysis of job demands, presenteeism, and absenteeism. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 87, 352–369. https://doi.org/10.1111/joop.12051
  • Demerouti, E., Le Blanc, P.M., Bakker, A.B., Schaufeli, W.B., & Hox, J. (2009). Present but sick: A three-wave study on job demands, presenteeism and burnout. Career Development International, 14, 50–68. https://doi.org/10.1108/13620430910933574
  • Deng, J., Li, Y., Sun, Y., Lei, R., & Yang, T. (2019). Public service motivation as a mediator of the relationship between job stress and presenteeism: A cross-sectional study from Chinese public hospitals. BMC Health Services Research, 19, 625. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-019-4483-5
  • Denzin, N. K. (1970). The research act: A theoretical introduction to sociological methods. Aldine. https://doi.org/10.2307/1318434
  • Dew, K., Keefe, V., & Small, K. (2005). Choosing’ to work when sick: Workplace presenteeism. Social Science and Medicine, 60(10), 2273-2282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2004.10.022
  • Dudenhöffer, S., Claus, M., Schöne, K., Letzel, S., & Letzel, D.M (2017). Sickness presenteeism of German teachers: Prevalence and influencing factors. Teachers and Teaching, 23(2), 141-152, https://doi.org/10.1080/13540602.2016.1204284
  • Evans, C. J. (2004). Health and work productivity assessment: State of the art or state of flux? Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 46, 3–11. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.jom.0000126682.37083.fa
  • Ferreira, A.I., & Maritnez, L.F. (2012). Presenteeism and burnout among teachers in public and private Portuguese elementary schools. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 23(20), 4380-4390. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2012.667435
  • Ferreira, P. D. C., Barros, A., Pereira, N., Marques Pinto, A., & Veiga Simão, A. M. (2021). How Presenteeism Shaped Teacher Burnout in Cyberbullying Among Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Frontiers in psychology, 4844. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.745252
  • Freeling, M., Rainbow, J. G., & Chamberlain, D. (2020). Painting a picture of nurse presenteeism: A multi-country integrative review. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 109, 103659. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2020.103659
  • Gerich, J. (2019). Sickness presenteeism as coping behaviour under conditions of high job control. German Journal of Human Resource Management, 33(2), 96–112. https://doi.org/10.1177/2397002218 794837
  • Gilbreath, B., & Karimi, L. (2012). Supervısor behavıor and employee presenteeism. International Journal of Leadership Studies, 7 (1), 114-131. Goetzel, R.Z., Long, S.R., Ozminkowski, R.J., Hawkins, K., Wang, S., & Lynch, W. (2004). Health, absence, disability and presenteeism cost estimates of certain physical and mental health conditions affecting US employers. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 46(4), 398-412. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.jom.0000121151.40413.bd
  • Goldstein, I., Goren, A., Li, V. W., Maculaitis, M. C., Tang, W. Y., & Hassan, T. A. (2019). The association of erectile dysfunction with productivity and absenteeism in eight countries globally. International Journal of Clinical Practice, 73(11), e13384. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcp.13384
  • Gómez, C., Barrena, J., García-Paz, V., Plaza, A. M., Crespo, P., Bejarano, J. A., ... & Nevot, S. (2021). Impact of house dust mite-driven asthma on children’s school performance and activity. European journal of pediatrics, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-021-04346-y
  • Gosselin, E., & Lauzier M. (2011). Le presenteisme: Lorsque Ia presencen'est pas garante de Ia performance. Revue Française de gestion, 210, 15-27. https://doi.org/10.3166/RFG.211.15-27
  • Grant, A.M. (2008). The significance of task significance: Job performance effects, relational mechanisms, and boundary conditions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93, 108–124. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.93.1.108
  • Grant, A.M., & Parker, S.K. (2009). Redesigning work design theories: The rise of relational and proactive perspectives. Academy of Management Annals, 3, 317–375. https://doi.org/10.1080/19416520903047327
  • Greasley, K., & Ashworth, P. (2007). The Phenomenology of approach to studying: The university student’s studies within the lifework. British Educational Research Journal, 32, 819-843. https://doi.org/10.1080/01411920701656977
  • Groenewald, T. (2004). A phenomenological research design illustrated. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 3(1), 42-55.
  • Gwinnutt, J. M., Leggett, S., Lunt, M., Barton, A., Hyrich, K. L., Walker-Bone, K., ... & RAMS and BRAGGSS co-investigators. (2020). Predictors of presenteeism, absenteeism and job loss in patients commencing methotrexate or biologic therapy for rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology, 59(10), 2908-2919. https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/keaa027
  • Halonen, J. I., Solovieva, S., Pentti, J., Kivimäki, M., Vahtera, J., & Viikari- Juntura, E. (2016). Effectiveness of legislative changes obligating notification of prolonged sickness absence and assessment of remaining work ability on return to work and work participation: A natural experiment in Finland. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 73, 42–50. https://doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2015-103131
  • Hansen, C. D., & Andersen, J.H. (2008). Going ill to work- What personal circumstances, attitudes and work-related factors are associated with sickness sresenteeism. Social Science and Medicine, 67(6), 956-964. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2008.05.022
  • Hemp, P. (2004). Presenteeism: At work-but out of it. Harvard Business Review, 82, 49–58.
  • Hiles, S. A., Harvey, E. S., McDonald, V. M., Peters, M., Bardin, P., Reynolds, P. N., ... & Gibson, P. G. (2018). Working while unwell: workplace impairment in people with severe asthma. Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 48(6), 650-662. https://doi.org/10.1111/cea.13153
  • Hsieh, H. F., & Shannon, S. E. (2005). Three approaches to qualitative content analysis. Qualitative Health Research, 15, 1277–1288. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732305276687
  • Holland, P., & Collins, A. M. (2018). Whenever I can I push myself to go to work: a qualitative study of experiences of sickness presenteeism among workers with rheumatoid arthritis. Disability and rehabilitation, 40(4), 404-413. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638288.2016.1258436
  • Hummer, J., Sherman, B., & Quinn, N. (2002). Present and unaccounted for. Occupational Heath and Safety, 71, 40- 44.
  • Humphrey, S.E., Nahrgang, J.D., & Morgeson, F.P. (2007). Integrating motivational, social, and contextual work design features: A meta-analytic summary and theoretical extension of the work design literature. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92, 1332–1356. https://doi.org/10.1037/ 0021-9010.92.5.1332
  • Husserl, E. (2003). Die Idee der Phanomenologie (Fünf Vorlesungen). (Trans. H.Tepe), Science and Art.
  • Johansson, G., & Lundberg, I. (2004). Adjustment latitude and attendance requirements as determinants of sickness absence or attendance. Empirical tests of the illness flexibility model. Social Science and Medicine, 58(10), 1857–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-9536(03)00407-6
  • Johns, G. (2011). Attendance dynamics at work: The antecedents and correlates of presenteeism, absenteeism, and productivity loss. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 16(4), 483-500. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0025153
  • Johns, G. (2008). Absenteeism or presenteeism? Attendance dynamics and employee well-being. In S. Cartwright, & C.L. Cooper (Eds), Oxford Handbook of Organizational Well-Being (pp.7–30). Oxford University Press.
  • Johns, G. (2010). Presenteeism in the workplace: A review and research agenda. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 31, 519–542. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.630
  • Karanika-Murray, M., & Biron, C. (2019). The health-performance framework of presenteeism: Towards understanding an adaptive behaviour. Human Relations, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726719827081
  • Karasek, R. (1979). Job demand, job decision latitude, and mental strain: Implications for job redesign. Administrative Science Quarterly, 24(2), 285–307. https://doi.org/10.2307/2392498
  • Kim, J., Suh, E. E., Ju, S., Choo, H., Bae, H., & Choi, H. (2016). Sickness experiences of Korean registered nurses at work: A qualitative study on presenteeism. Asian Nursing Research, 10(1), 32-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anr.2015.10.009
  • Kinman, G., & Wray, S. (2018). Presenteeism in academic employess-occupational individual factors. Occupational Medicine, 68, 46-50. https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqx191
  • Knies, S., Candel, M. M., Boonen, A., Evers, S. A., Ament, A. A., & Severens, J. L. (2012). Lost productivity in four European countries among patients with rheumatic disorders are absenteeism and presenteeism transferable? Pharmacoeconomics, 30, 795–807. https://doi.org/10.2165/11591520-000000000-00000
  • Koopman, C., Kenneth R. P., James, F. M., Claire, E. S., Marc L. B., Robin, S. T., Paul, H., Pamela, G., Danielle, M. H., & Talor B. (2002). Stanford Presenteeism Scale: Health Status and Employee Productivity, Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 44(1), 1- 12. https://doi.org/10.1097/00043764-200201000-00004
  • Krippendorff, K. (1989). Content analysis. In E. Barnouw, G. Gerbner, W. Schramm, T. L. Worth, & L. Gross (Eds.), International encyclopedia of communication, 1, 403–407. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428108324513
  • Krippendorff, K. (2004). Content analysis: An introduction to its methodology. Sage.
  • Lohaus, D., & Habermann, W. (2019). Presenteeism: A review and research directions. Human Resource Management Review, 29(1), 43-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2018.02.010
  • Li, Y., Zhang, J., Wang, S., & Guo, S. (2019). The effect of presenteeism on productivity loss in nurses: the mediation of health and the moderation of general self-efficacy. Frontiers in psychology, 10, 1745. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01745
  • Lu, L., Lin, H.Y., & Cooper, C.L. (2013). Unhealthy and present: motives and consequences of the act of presenteeism among Taiwanese employees. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 18(4), 406-416. https://doi.org/:10.1037/a0034331
  • Lui, J. N. M., Andres, E. B., & Johnston, J. M. (2022). Does Seasonal Influenza Related Hospital Occupancy Surge Impact Hospital Staff Sickness Presenteeism and Productivity Costs?. International journal of environmental research and public health, 19(2), 769. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19020769
  • Margot, V.D., & Stan, M. (1999). The Job Demand-Control (-Support) Model and psychological well-being: A review of 20 years of empirical research. Work and Stress, 13(2), 87-114, https://doi.org/10.1080/026783799296084
  • MacGregor, J.N., Cunningham, J.B., & Caverley, N. (2008). Factor in absenteeism and presenteeism: life events and health events. Management Research News, 31(8), 607-615. https://doi.org/10.1108/01409170810892163
  • McGregor, A., Magee, C.A., Caputi, P., & Iverson, D. (2016). A job demands-resources approach to presenteeism. Career Development International, 21(4), 402-418. https://doi.org/10.1108/CDI-01-2016-0002
  • Miller, W. L., & Crabtree, B. F. (1992). Primary care research: A multimethod typology and qualitative road map. In B. F. Crabtree, & W. L. Miller (Eds.), Doing qualitative research. Research methods for primary care, 3. Sage.
  • Miraglia, M., & Johns, G. (2016). Going to Work III: A meta-analysis of the correlates of presenteeism and a dual-path model. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1037/ocp0000015
  • Moustakas, C. (1994). Phenomenological research methods. Sage.
  • Myers, J.E., & Williard, K. (2003). Integrating spirituality into counselor preparation: A developmental approach. Counseling and Values, 47, 142-155. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-007x.2003.tb00231.x
  • Nahar, A. (2018). Workplace presenteeism. Global Journal of Enterprise Information System, 10(2), 74-78. https://doi.org/10.18311/gjeis/2018/23113
  • Ni, M. Y., Yao, X. I., Cheung, F., Wu, J. T., Schooling, C. M., Pang, H., & Leung, G. M. (2020). Determinants of physical, mental and social well-being: a longitudinal environment-wide association study. International Journal of Epidemiology, 49(2), 380-389. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyz238
  • Patton, M. Q. (2014). Qualitative research & evaluation methods integrating theory and practice. Sage.
  • Perez-Nebra, A.R.P., Queiroga, F., & Oliveira, T.A. (2020). Presenteeism of class teachers: Well-being as a critical psychological state in the mediation of job characteristics. Revista de Administração Mackenzie, 21(1), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-6971/eRAMD200123
  • Ployhart, R. E., Nyberg, A. J., Reilly, G., & Maltarich, M. A. (2014). Human capital is dead; long live human capital resources!. Journal of management, 40(2), 371-398. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206313512152
  • Rainbow, J. G., Gilbreath, B., & Steege, L. M. (2021). Risky business: a mediated model of antecedents and consequences of presenteeism in nursing. Nursing research, 70(2), 85-94. https://doi.org/10.1097/NNR.0000000000000484
  • Rebmann, T., Turner, J. A., & Kunerth, A. K. (2016). Presenteeism Attitudes and Behavior Among Missouri Kindergarten to Twelfth Grade (K–12) School Nurses. The Journal of School Nursing, 32(6), 407-415. https://doi.org/10.1177/1059840516637651
  • Renz, M.S., Carrington, J.M., & Badger, T.A. (2018). Two strategies for qualitative content analysis: An ıntramethod approach to triangulation. Qualitative Health Research, 28(5) 824–831. https://doi.org/10.1177/10497323177535
  • Roe, R. (2003). Health and performance. In W.B. Schaufeli, A.B. Bakker, & J. De Jonge (Eds.), Psychology of Work and Health, 375-388. Bohn Stafleu Van Loghum.
  • Ruhle, S.A., & Süß, S. (2020). Presenteeism and absenteeism at work-an analysis of archetypes of sickness attendance cultures. Journal of Business and Psychology, 35, 241-255, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-019-09615-0
  • Sanderson, K., Hobart, J. N., Graves, N., Cocker, F., & Hobart, B. O. (2008). Presenteeism and mental health: Can the problem be part of the solution. Occupational Psychology, 7(1), 17-34.
  • Schultz, A.B., Chen, C.Y., & Edington, D.W. (2009). The cost and ımpact of health conditions on presenteeism to employers. Pharmacoeconomics, 27, 365–378. https://doi.org/10.2165/00019053-200927050-00002
  • Shan, G., Wang, W., Wang, S., Zhang, Y., & Li, Y. (2022). Cross-level effects of health-promoting leadership on nurse presenteeism: The mediation and moderation effect of workload and performance pressure. Current Psychology, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-02591-w
  • Snir, R., & Harpaz, I. (2012). Beyond workaholism: Towards a general model of heavy work investment. Human resource management review, 22(3), 232-243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2011.11.011
  • Steinke, M., & Badura, B. (2011). Präsentismus Ein Review zum Stand der Forschung. Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin.
  • Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (1990). Basics of qualitative research, grounded theory procedures and techniques. Sage.
  • Strömberg, C., Aboagye, E., Hagberg, J., Bergström, G., & Lohela-Karlsson, M. (2017). Estimating the effect and economic impact of absenteeism, presenteeism, and work environment-related problems on reductions in productivity from a managerial perspective. Value in Health: The Journal of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research, 20(8), 1058–1064. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2017.05.008
  • Torraco, R. J. (2005). Human resource development transcends disciplinary boundaries. Human Resource Development Review, 4(3), 251–253. https://doi.org/:10.1177/1534484305278894
  • Turpin, R.S., Ozminkowski, R.J., Sharda, C.E., Claire, E., Collins, J.J., Berger, M. L., Billotti, G.M., Baase, C.M., Olson, M.J., & Nicholson, S. (2004). Reliability and validity of the Stanford Presenteeism Scale. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 46, 1123–1133. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.jom.0000144999.35675.a0
  • Urtasun, A., & Nuñez, I. (2018). Healthy working days: the (positive) effect of work effort on occupational health from a human capital approach. Social Science & Medicine, 202, 79-88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.02.028
  • Van den Broeck, A., Ferris, D.L., Chang, C.H., & Rosen, C C. (2016). A review of self-determination theory’s basic psychological needs at work. Journal of Management, 42, 1195–1229. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206316632058
  • Veale, P. M., Vayalumkal, J. V., & McLaughlin, K. (2016). Sickness presenteeism in clinical clerks: Negatively reinforced behavior or an issue of patient safety?. American journal of infection control, 44(8), 892-897. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2016.01.043
  • Vera-Calzaretta A., & Juarez-Garcia A. (2014). Presenteeism. In A.C. Michalos (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0753-5_2254
  • Vingård, E., Alexanderson, K., & Norlund, A. (2004). Sickness presence. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 32, 216–221. https://doi.org/10.1080/14034950410021907
  • Wang, J., Schmitz, N., Smailes, E., Sareen, J., & Patten, S.M.D. (2010). Workplace characteristics, depression, and health-related presenteeism in a general population sample. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 52(8), 836-842. https://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0b013e3181ed3d80
  • Whitehouse, D. (2005). Workplace presenteeism: How behavioral professionals can make a difference. Behavioral Healthcare Tomorrow, 14(1), 32–35.
  • Whysall, Z., Bowden, J., & Hewitt, M. (2018). Sickness presenteeism: Measurement and management challenges. Ergonomics, 61, 341–354. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140139.2017.1365949
  • Yıldırım, A., & Şimşek, H. (2011). Qualitative research methods in the social sciences (In Turkish). Seçkin.
  • Zengerle, J. (2004). The fourth annual year in ideas. New York Times Magazine, 49-103.

Is Presenteeism Good or Bad? A Phenomenological Study in Schools

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 4, 758 - 787, 31.10.2022
https://doi.org/10.30831/akukeg.1087858

Öz

The study aims to holistic and comprehensive analyse presenteeism according to the perceptions of education workers who experience it more frequently and reveal the relationship of presenteeism with the sociological, psychological, and theological dynamics of Turkish society. The study was conducted with a phenomenological design, one of the qualitative research methods. The study group consists of teachers and school administrators working in Elazig, a province in Turkey. It was determined that educators can voluntarily decide to work when they are not feeling well due to motivations such as a sense of responsibility, conscience, commitment to work, public service, and religious sensitivity. In addition, some participants stated that due to organisational pressure, economic difficulties, and workload, employees make a forced decision to work when they are not well. Finally, in addition to the negative results of presenteeism, positive results, which are rarely seen in the literature, were also obtained. Therefore, the experience of presenteeism should be evaluated considering its positive and negative effects on organizations and employees.

Kaynakça

  • Abasilim, U.D., Salau, O.P., & Falola, O.H. (2015). Toward an understanding of presenteesim and its effects in the workplace. Journal of Public Administration & Management. 1(1), 74-85.
  • Açıkalın, A. (1994). Human Resource Management in Contemporary Organizations. Pegem.
  • Ammendolia, C., Côté, P., Cancelliere, C., Cassidy, D., Hartvigsen, J, Boyle, E., Soklaridis, S., Stern, P., & Amick, B. (2016). Healthy and productive workers: Using intervention mapping to design a workplace health promotion and wellness program to improve presenteeism. BMC Public Health, 16, 1190. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-016-3843-x
  • Aronsson, G., & Gustafsson, K. (2005). Sickness presenteeism: prevalence, attendance-pressure factors, and an outline of a model for research. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 47, 958–966. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.jom.0000177219.75677.17
  • Aronsson, G., Gustafsson, K., & Dallner, M. (2000). Sick but yet at work: An empirical study of sickness presenteeism. Journal of Epidemiology Community Health, 54, 502-509.
  • Auerbach, C.F., & Silverstein, L.B. (2003). Qualitative data: An introduction to coding and analysis. New York University Press.
  • Babbie, E. (1995). The practice of social research. Bowker, JM Belmont.
  • Bae, Y. H. (2021). Exploratory analysis of related factors with absenteeism and presenteeism on workers: using the Fourth Korea Working Condition Survey. International journal of environmental research and public health, 18(21), 11214. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111214
  • Bailey, C.A. (1996). A guide to field research. Pine Forge.
  • Baker-McClearn, D., Greasley, K., Dale, J., & Griffith, F. (20l0). Absent management and presenteeism: The pressures on employees to attend work and impact of attendance on performance. Human Resource Management Journal, 20(3), 311-328. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-8583.2009.00118.x
  • Bakker, A., & Demerouti, E. (2007). The job demands-resources model: State of the art. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 22(3), 309-328. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940710733115
  • Banihani, M., & Syed, J. (2017). Gendered work engagement: qualitative insights from Jordan. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 31(5), 1-27. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2017.1355838
  • Bergström, G., Bodin, L., Hagberg, J., Aronsson, G., & Josephson, M. (2009). Sickness presenteeism today, sickness absenteeism tomorrow? A prospective study on sickness presenteeism and future sickness absenteeism. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 51(6), 629-638. https://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0b013e3181a8281b
  • Beswick, D. M., Mace, J. C., Rudmik, L., Soler, Z. M., DeConde, A. S., & Smith, T. L. (2018, December). Productivity changes following medical and surgical treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis by symptom domain. In International forum of allergy & rhinology, 8(12), 1395-1405. https://doi.org/10.1002/alr.22191
  • Birks, M., Chapman, Y., & Francis, K. (2008). Memoing in qualitative research. Journal of Research in Nursing, 13(1), 68-75. https://doi.org/10.1177/1744987107081254
  • Biron, C., & Saksvik, P. Ø. (2009). Sickness presenteeism and attendance pressure factors: Implications for practice. In C. L. Cooper, J. C. Quick, & M. Schabracq (Eds.), Work and health psychology: The handbook (pp. 77–96). Wiley.
  • Biron, C., Brun, J.P., Ivers, H., & Cooper, C. (2006). At work but ill: Psychological work environment and well being determinanats of presenteeism propensity. Journal of Public Mental Health, 5(4),26-37. https://doi.org/10.1108/17465729200600029
  • Burton, W. N., Chen, C. Y., Conti, D. J., Schultz, A. B., & Edington, D. W. (2006). The association between health risk change and presenteeism change. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 48, 252–263. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.jom.0000201563.18108.af
  • Burton, W.N., Pransky, G., Conti, D.J., Chen, Chin-Yu, & Edington, D. E. (2004). The association of medical conditions and presenteeism. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 46(6), 38-45. https://doi.org/ 10.1097/01.jom.0000126687.49652.44
  • Casey, D., & Murphy, K. (2009). Issues in using methodological triangulation in research. Nurse Researcher, 16, 40–55. https://doi.org/10.7748/nr2009.07.16.4.40.c7160
  • Caverley, N., Cunningham, J.B., & MacGregor, J.N. (2007). Sickness presenteeism, sickness absenteeism, and health following restructuring in a public service organization. Journal of management studies, 44(2), 304-319. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2007.00690.x
  • Chams, N., & García-Blandón, J. (2019). On the importance of sustainable human resource management for the adoption of sustainable development goals. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 141, 109-122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2018.10.006
  • Chen, J. W., Lu, L., & Cooper, C. L. (2021). The compensatory protective effects of social support at work in presenteeism during the coronavirus disease pandemic. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 689. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.643437
  • Chiu, S., Black, C. L., Yue, X., Greby, S. M., Laney, A. S., Campbell, A. P., & de Perio, M. A. (2017). Working with influenza-like illness: presenteeism among US health care personnel during the 2014-2015 influenza season. American journal of infection control, 45(11), 1254-1258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2017.04.008
  • Cho, Y.S., Park, J.B., Lee, K.J., Min, K.B., & Baek, C.I. (2016). The association between Korean workers’ presenteeism and psychosocial factors within workplaces. Annals Of Occupational And Environmental Medicine, 28(1), 41. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-016-0124-1
  • Chou, C. Y., & Mach, M. (2021). Unlocking the Contradictory Outcomes of Presenteeism Through a Temporal Model: Effort Exertion as a Mediator. Frontiers in psychology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.740411
  • Conner, T.S., & Silvia, P.J. (2015). Creative days: a daily diary study of emotion, personality, and everyday creativity. Psychol. Aesthetics Creat Arts, 9, 463–470. https://doi.org/10.1037/aca0000022
  • Connolly, K.M., & Myers, J.E. (2003). Wellness and mattering: The role of holistic factors in job satisfaction. Journal of Employment Counseling, 40(4), 152-60. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-1920.2003.tb00866.x
  • Cooper, C. L., & Lu, L. (2016). Presenteeism as a global phenomenon: Unraveling the psychosocial mechanisms from the perspective of social cognitive theory. Cross Cultural and Strategic Management, 23(2), 216-231. https://doi.org/10.1108/ccsm-09-2015-0106
  • Cooper, C. L., & Lu, L. (2019). Excessive availability for work: Good or bad? Charting underlying motivations and searching for game-changers. Human Resource Management Review, 29(4), 100682. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2019.01.003
  • Creswell, J.W. (2013). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage.
  • Creswell, J. W. (2002). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative. Prentice Hall.
  • D’Abate, C.P., & Eddy, E.R. (2007). Engaging in personal business on the job: Extending the presenteeism construct. Human Resource Development Quarterly,18(3), 361-384. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrdq
  • Deery, S., Walsh, J., & Zatzick, C.D. (2014). A moderated mediation analysis of job demands, presenteeism, and absenteeism. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 87, 352–369. https://doi.org/10.1111/joop.12051
  • Demerouti, E., Le Blanc, P.M., Bakker, A.B., Schaufeli, W.B., & Hox, J. (2009). Present but sick: A three-wave study on job demands, presenteeism and burnout. Career Development International, 14, 50–68. https://doi.org/10.1108/13620430910933574
  • Deng, J., Li, Y., Sun, Y., Lei, R., & Yang, T. (2019). Public service motivation as a mediator of the relationship between job stress and presenteeism: A cross-sectional study from Chinese public hospitals. BMC Health Services Research, 19, 625. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-019-4483-5
  • Denzin, N. K. (1970). The research act: A theoretical introduction to sociological methods. Aldine. https://doi.org/10.2307/1318434
  • Dew, K., Keefe, V., & Small, K. (2005). Choosing’ to work when sick: Workplace presenteeism. Social Science and Medicine, 60(10), 2273-2282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2004.10.022
  • Dudenhöffer, S., Claus, M., Schöne, K., Letzel, S., & Letzel, D.M (2017). Sickness presenteeism of German teachers: Prevalence and influencing factors. Teachers and Teaching, 23(2), 141-152, https://doi.org/10.1080/13540602.2016.1204284
  • Evans, C. J. (2004). Health and work productivity assessment: State of the art or state of flux? Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 46, 3–11. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.jom.0000126682.37083.fa
  • Ferreira, A.I., & Maritnez, L.F. (2012). Presenteeism and burnout among teachers in public and private Portuguese elementary schools. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 23(20), 4380-4390. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2012.667435
  • Ferreira, P. D. C., Barros, A., Pereira, N., Marques Pinto, A., & Veiga Simão, A. M. (2021). How Presenteeism Shaped Teacher Burnout in Cyberbullying Among Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Frontiers in psychology, 4844. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.745252
  • Freeling, M., Rainbow, J. G., & Chamberlain, D. (2020). Painting a picture of nurse presenteeism: A multi-country integrative review. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 109, 103659. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2020.103659
  • Gerich, J. (2019). Sickness presenteeism as coping behaviour under conditions of high job control. German Journal of Human Resource Management, 33(2), 96–112. https://doi.org/10.1177/2397002218 794837
  • Gilbreath, B., & Karimi, L. (2012). Supervısor behavıor and employee presenteeism. International Journal of Leadership Studies, 7 (1), 114-131. Goetzel, R.Z., Long, S.R., Ozminkowski, R.J., Hawkins, K., Wang, S., & Lynch, W. (2004). Health, absence, disability and presenteeism cost estimates of certain physical and mental health conditions affecting US employers. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 46(4), 398-412. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.jom.0000121151.40413.bd
  • Goldstein, I., Goren, A., Li, V. W., Maculaitis, M. C., Tang, W. Y., & Hassan, T. A. (2019). The association of erectile dysfunction with productivity and absenteeism in eight countries globally. International Journal of Clinical Practice, 73(11), e13384. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcp.13384
  • Gómez, C., Barrena, J., García-Paz, V., Plaza, A. M., Crespo, P., Bejarano, J. A., ... & Nevot, S. (2021). Impact of house dust mite-driven asthma on children’s school performance and activity. European journal of pediatrics, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-021-04346-y
  • Gosselin, E., & Lauzier M. (2011). Le presenteisme: Lorsque Ia presencen'est pas garante de Ia performance. Revue Française de gestion, 210, 15-27. https://doi.org/10.3166/RFG.211.15-27
  • Grant, A.M. (2008). The significance of task significance: Job performance effects, relational mechanisms, and boundary conditions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93, 108–124. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.93.1.108
  • Grant, A.M., & Parker, S.K. (2009). Redesigning work design theories: The rise of relational and proactive perspectives. Academy of Management Annals, 3, 317–375. https://doi.org/10.1080/19416520903047327
  • Greasley, K., & Ashworth, P. (2007). The Phenomenology of approach to studying: The university student’s studies within the lifework. British Educational Research Journal, 32, 819-843. https://doi.org/10.1080/01411920701656977
  • Groenewald, T. (2004). A phenomenological research design illustrated. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 3(1), 42-55.
  • Gwinnutt, J. M., Leggett, S., Lunt, M., Barton, A., Hyrich, K. L., Walker-Bone, K., ... & RAMS and BRAGGSS co-investigators. (2020). Predictors of presenteeism, absenteeism and job loss in patients commencing methotrexate or biologic therapy for rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology, 59(10), 2908-2919. https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/keaa027
  • Halonen, J. I., Solovieva, S., Pentti, J., Kivimäki, M., Vahtera, J., & Viikari- Juntura, E. (2016). Effectiveness of legislative changes obligating notification of prolonged sickness absence and assessment of remaining work ability on return to work and work participation: A natural experiment in Finland. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 73, 42–50. https://doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2015-103131
  • Hansen, C. D., & Andersen, J.H. (2008). Going ill to work- What personal circumstances, attitudes and work-related factors are associated with sickness sresenteeism. Social Science and Medicine, 67(6), 956-964. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2008.05.022
  • Hemp, P. (2004). Presenteeism: At work-but out of it. Harvard Business Review, 82, 49–58.
  • Hiles, S. A., Harvey, E. S., McDonald, V. M., Peters, M., Bardin, P., Reynolds, P. N., ... & Gibson, P. G. (2018). Working while unwell: workplace impairment in people with severe asthma. Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 48(6), 650-662. https://doi.org/10.1111/cea.13153
  • Hsieh, H. F., & Shannon, S. E. (2005). Three approaches to qualitative content analysis. Qualitative Health Research, 15, 1277–1288. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732305276687
  • Holland, P., & Collins, A. M. (2018). Whenever I can I push myself to go to work: a qualitative study of experiences of sickness presenteeism among workers with rheumatoid arthritis. Disability and rehabilitation, 40(4), 404-413. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638288.2016.1258436
  • Hummer, J., Sherman, B., & Quinn, N. (2002). Present and unaccounted for. Occupational Heath and Safety, 71, 40- 44.
  • Humphrey, S.E., Nahrgang, J.D., & Morgeson, F.P. (2007). Integrating motivational, social, and contextual work design features: A meta-analytic summary and theoretical extension of the work design literature. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92, 1332–1356. https://doi.org/10.1037/ 0021-9010.92.5.1332
  • Husserl, E. (2003). Die Idee der Phanomenologie (Fünf Vorlesungen). (Trans. H.Tepe), Science and Art.
  • Johansson, G., & Lundberg, I. (2004). Adjustment latitude and attendance requirements as determinants of sickness absence or attendance. Empirical tests of the illness flexibility model. Social Science and Medicine, 58(10), 1857–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-9536(03)00407-6
  • Johns, G. (2011). Attendance dynamics at work: The antecedents and correlates of presenteeism, absenteeism, and productivity loss. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 16(4), 483-500. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0025153
  • Johns, G. (2008). Absenteeism or presenteeism? Attendance dynamics and employee well-being. In S. Cartwright, & C.L. Cooper (Eds), Oxford Handbook of Organizational Well-Being (pp.7–30). Oxford University Press.
  • Johns, G. (2010). Presenteeism in the workplace: A review and research agenda. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 31, 519–542. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.630
  • Karanika-Murray, M., & Biron, C. (2019). The health-performance framework of presenteeism: Towards understanding an adaptive behaviour. Human Relations, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726719827081
  • Karasek, R. (1979). Job demand, job decision latitude, and mental strain: Implications for job redesign. Administrative Science Quarterly, 24(2), 285–307. https://doi.org/10.2307/2392498
  • Kim, J., Suh, E. E., Ju, S., Choo, H., Bae, H., & Choi, H. (2016). Sickness experiences of Korean registered nurses at work: A qualitative study on presenteeism. Asian Nursing Research, 10(1), 32-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anr.2015.10.009
  • Kinman, G., & Wray, S. (2018). Presenteeism in academic employess-occupational individual factors. Occupational Medicine, 68, 46-50. https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqx191
  • Knies, S., Candel, M. M., Boonen, A., Evers, S. A., Ament, A. A., & Severens, J. L. (2012). Lost productivity in four European countries among patients with rheumatic disorders are absenteeism and presenteeism transferable? Pharmacoeconomics, 30, 795–807. https://doi.org/10.2165/11591520-000000000-00000
  • Koopman, C., Kenneth R. P., James, F. M., Claire, E. S., Marc L. B., Robin, S. T., Paul, H., Pamela, G., Danielle, M. H., & Talor B. (2002). Stanford Presenteeism Scale: Health Status and Employee Productivity, Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 44(1), 1- 12. https://doi.org/10.1097/00043764-200201000-00004
  • Krippendorff, K. (1989). Content analysis. In E. Barnouw, G. Gerbner, W. Schramm, T. L. Worth, & L. Gross (Eds.), International encyclopedia of communication, 1, 403–407. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428108324513
  • Krippendorff, K. (2004). Content analysis: An introduction to its methodology. Sage.
  • Lohaus, D., & Habermann, W. (2019). Presenteeism: A review and research directions. Human Resource Management Review, 29(1), 43-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2018.02.010
  • Li, Y., Zhang, J., Wang, S., & Guo, S. (2019). The effect of presenteeism on productivity loss in nurses: the mediation of health and the moderation of general self-efficacy. Frontiers in psychology, 10, 1745. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01745
  • Lu, L., Lin, H.Y., & Cooper, C.L. (2013). Unhealthy and present: motives and consequences of the act of presenteeism among Taiwanese employees. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 18(4), 406-416. https://doi.org/:10.1037/a0034331
  • Lui, J. N. M., Andres, E. B., & Johnston, J. M. (2022). Does Seasonal Influenza Related Hospital Occupancy Surge Impact Hospital Staff Sickness Presenteeism and Productivity Costs?. International journal of environmental research and public health, 19(2), 769. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19020769
  • Margot, V.D., & Stan, M. (1999). The Job Demand-Control (-Support) Model and psychological well-being: A review of 20 years of empirical research. Work and Stress, 13(2), 87-114, https://doi.org/10.1080/026783799296084
  • MacGregor, J.N., Cunningham, J.B., & Caverley, N. (2008). Factor in absenteeism and presenteeism: life events and health events. Management Research News, 31(8), 607-615. https://doi.org/10.1108/01409170810892163
  • McGregor, A., Magee, C.A., Caputi, P., & Iverson, D. (2016). A job demands-resources approach to presenteeism. Career Development International, 21(4), 402-418. https://doi.org/10.1108/CDI-01-2016-0002
  • Miller, W. L., & Crabtree, B. F. (1992). Primary care research: A multimethod typology and qualitative road map. In B. F. Crabtree, & W. L. Miller (Eds.), Doing qualitative research. Research methods for primary care, 3. Sage.
  • Miraglia, M., & Johns, G. (2016). Going to Work III: A meta-analysis of the correlates of presenteeism and a dual-path model. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1037/ocp0000015
  • Moustakas, C. (1994). Phenomenological research methods. Sage.
  • Myers, J.E., & Williard, K. (2003). Integrating spirituality into counselor preparation: A developmental approach. Counseling and Values, 47, 142-155. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-007x.2003.tb00231.x
  • Nahar, A. (2018). Workplace presenteeism. Global Journal of Enterprise Information System, 10(2), 74-78. https://doi.org/10.18311/gjeis/2018/23113
  • Ni, M. Y., Yao, X. I., Cheung, F., Wu, J. T., Schooling, C. M., Pang, H., & Leung, G. M. (2020). Determinants of physical, mental and social well-being: a longitudinal environment-wide association study. International Journal of Epidemiology, 49(2), 380-389. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyz238
  • Patton, M. Q. (2014). Qualitative research & evaluation methods integrating theory and practice. Sage.
  • Perez-Nebra, A.R.P., Queiroga, F., & Oliveira, T.A. (2020). Presenteeism of class teachers: Well-being as a critical psychological state in the mediation of job characteristics. Revista de Administração Mackenzie, 21(1), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-6971/eRAMD200123
  • Ployhart, R. E., Nyberg, A. J., Reilly, G., & Maltarich, M. A. (2014). Human capital is dead; long live human capital resources!. Journal of management, 40(2), 371-398. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206313512152
  • Rainbow, J. G., Gilbreath, B., & Steege, L. M. (2021). Risky business: a mediated model of antecedents and consequences of presenteeism in nursing. Nursing research, 70(2), 85-94. https://doi.org/10.1097/NNR.0000000000000484
  • Rebmann, T., Turner, J. A., & Kunerth, A. K. (2016). Presenteeism Attitudes and Behavior Among Missouri Kindergarten to Twelfth Grade (K–12) School Nurses. The Journal of School Nursing, 32(6), 407-415. https://doi.org/10.1177/1059840516637651
  • Renz, M.S., Carrington, J.M., & Badger, T.A. (2018). Two strategies for qualitative content analysis: An ıntramethod approach to triangulation. Qualitative Health Research, 28(5) 824–831. https://doi.org/10.1177/10497323177535
  • Roe, R. (2003). Health and performance. In W.B. Schaufeli, A.B. Bakker, & J. De Jonge (Eds.), Psychology of Work and Health, 375-388. Bohn Stafleu Van Loghum.
  • Ruhle, S.A., & Süß, S. (2020). Presenteeism and absenteeism at work-an analysis of archetypes of sickness attendance cultures. Journal of Business and Psychology, 35, 241-255, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-019-09615-0
  • Sanderson, K., Hobart, J. N., Graves, N., Cocker, F., & Hobart, B. O. (2008). Presenteeism and mental health: Can the problem be part of the solution. Occupational Psychology, 7(1), 17-34.
  • Schultz, A.B., Chen, C.Y., & Edington, D.W. (2009). The cost and ımpact of health conditions on presenteeism to employers. Pharmacoeconomics, 27, 365–378. https://doi.org/10.2165/00019053-200927050-00002
  • Shan, G., Wang, W., Wang, S., Zhang, Y., & Li, Y. (2022). Cross-level effects of health-promoting leadership on nurse presenteeism: The mediation and moderation effect of workload and performance pressure. Current Psychology, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-02591-w
  • Snir, R., & Harpaz, I. (2012). Beyond workaholism: Towards a general model of heavy work investment. Human resource management review, 22(3), 232-243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2011.11.011
  • Steinke, M., & Badura, B. (2011). Präsentismus Ein Review zum Stand der Forschung. Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin.
  • Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (1990). Basics of qualitative research, grounded theory procedures and techniques. Sage.
  • Strömberg, C., Aboagye, E., Hagberg, J., Bergström, G., & Lohela-Karlsson, M. (2017). Estimating the effect and economic impact of absenteeism, presenteeism, and work environment-related problems on reductions in productivity from a managerial perspective. Value in Health: The Journal of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research, 20(8), 1058–1064. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2017.05.008
  • Torraco, R. J. (2005). Human resource development transcends disciplinary boundaries. Human Resource Development Review, 4(3), 251–253. https://doi.org/:10.1177/1534484305278894
  • Turpin, R.S., Ozminkowski, R.J., Sharda, C.E., Claire, E., Collins, J.J., Berger, M. L., Billotti, G.M., Baase, C.M., Olson, M.J., & Nicholson, S. (2004). Reliability and validity of the Stanford Presenteeism Scale. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 46, 1123–1133. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.jom.0000144999.35675.a0
  • Urtasun, A., & Nuñez, I. (2018). Healthy working days: the (positive) effect of work effort on occupational health from a human capital approach. Social Science & Medicine, 202, 79-88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.02.028
  • Van den Broeck, A., Ferris, D.L., Chang, C.H., & Rosen, C C. (2016). A review of self-determination theory’s basic psychological needs at work. Journal of Management, 42, 1195–1229. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206316632058
  • Veale, P. M., Vayalumkal, J. V., & McLaughlin, K. (2016). Sickness presenteeism in clinical clerks: Negatively reinforced behavior or an issue of patient safety?. American journal of infection control, 44(8), 892-897. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2016.01.043
  • Vera-Calzaretta A., & Juarez-Garcia A. (2014). Presenteeism. In A.C. Michalos (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0753-5_2254
  • Vingård, E., Alexanderson, K., & Norlund, A. (2004). Sickness presence. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 32, 216–221. https://doi.org/10.1080/14034950410021907
  • Wang, J., Schmitz, N., Smailes, E., Sareen, J., & Patten, S.M.D. (2010). Workplace characteristics, depression, and health-related presenteeism in a general population sample. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 52(8), 836-842. https://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0b013e3181ed3d80
  • Whitehouse, D. (2005). Workplace presenteeism: How behavioral professionals can make a difference. Behavioral Healthcare Tomorrow, 14(1), 32–35.
  • Whysall, Z., Bowden, J., & Hewitt, M. (2018). Sickness presenteeism: Measurement and management challenges. Ergonomics, 61, 341–354. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140139.2017.1365949
  • Yıldırım, A., & Şimşek, H. (2011). Qualitative research methods in the social sciences (In Turkish). Seçkin.
  • Zengerle, J. (2004). The fourth annual year in ideas. New York Times Magazine, 49-103.
Toplam 114 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Alan Eğitimleri
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Alper Uslukaya 0000-0003-1455-8438

Zülfü Demirtaş 0000-0002-1072-5772

Müslim Alanoğlu 0000-0003-1828-4593

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Ekim 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 14 Mart 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 15 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Uslukaya, A., Demirtaş, Z., & Alanoğlu, M. (2022). Is Presenteeism Good or Bad? A Phenomenological Study in Schools. Journal of Theoretical Educational Science, 15(4), 758-787. https://doi.org/10.30831/akukeg.1087858