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İşitme Kayıplı Bireylerde Eğitim: İşitsel-Sözel Terapi Yöntemi

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2, 211 - 225, 30.11.2022

Öz

Dil ve konuşma edinimi için yaşamın erken yılları oldukça önemlidir. Bu dönemde yaşanan ve erken tanılanamayan bir işitme kaybı, çocuğun dil ve konuşma gelişiminin işiten akranlarına göre geride kalmasına neden olacaktır. Bu durum çocuğun; psikolojik, sosyal ve akademik hayatını olumsuz yönde etkileyecektir. Bu nedenle işitme kayıplı bir çocuğun; işitme kaybı olabildiğince erken sürede tanılanmalı ve işitme kaybına uygun işitme cihazı/koklear implant kullanımına başlatılmalıdır. Bunlara ek olarak, çocuğun dinleme potansiyelini gelişmesi ve dil gelişiminde işiten yaşıtlarının seviyesine ulaşabilmesi için uygun eğitim programına alınması gerekmektedir. İşitme kayıplı çocukların eğitiminde en yaygın kullanılan yöntem, işitsel-sözel terapidir. Ancak, bu yöntemle ilgili kaynakların çoğu yabancı literatüre aittir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, işitsel-sözel terapi ile ilgili yabancı literatürde bulunan genel bilgileri derleyerek aktarmaktır.

Kaynakça

  • AG Bell Academy. (2017). Listening and Spoken Language Specialist Certified Auditory-Verbal Therapist (LSLS Certification AVT). https://agbellacademy.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/AVT-Application-2017.pdf adresinden 22 Nisan 2021 tarihinde alınmıştır.
  • Brainard, M. S., & Doupe, A. J. (2000). Auditory feedback in learning and maintenance of vocal behaviour. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 1(1), 31-40.
  • Brennan‐Jones, C. G., White, J., Rush, R. W., & Law, J. (2014). Auditory‐verbal therapy for promoting spoken language development in children with permanent hearing impairments. Cochrane database of systematic reviews, (3).
  • Calderon, R. (2000). Parental involvement in deaf children's education programs as a predictor of child's language, early reading, and social-emotional development. Journal of deaf studies and deaf education, 5(2), 140-155.
  • Dora, Wu C. & Brown M.P. (2004). Parents and theachers expectations of auditory-verbal therapy. Volta Review, 104(1), 5-20. Dornan D., Hickson L. Murdoch, B., & Houston T. (2009). Longitudinal study of speech perception, speech and language for children with hearing loss in an Auditory therapy program. The Volta Review, 109(2-3), 61–85.
  • Dornan D., Hickson L., Murdoch, B., Houston T. & Constantinescu G. (2010). Is auditoryverbal therapy effective for children with hearing loss? The Volta Review, 110(3), 361–387.
  • Dornan, D. (1999). ‘Let's hear and say’: current overview of auditory-verbal therapy. Asia Pacific Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing, 4(2), 141-154.
  • Dornan, D. A., Hickson, L. M., Murdoch, B. E., & Housston, T. (2007). Outcomes of an auditory-verbal program for children with hearing loss: A comparative study with a matched group of children with normal hearing. Volta Review, 107(1), 37-54.
  • Downs, M. P., & Yoshinaga-Itano, C. (1999). The efficacy of early identification and intervention for children with hearing impairment. Pediatric Clinics of North America, 46(1), 79-87.
  • Easterbrooks, S. R., O’rouke, C. M., & Todd, W.N. (2000). Child and family factors associated with deaf children’s success in auditory- verbal therapy. American Journal of Otology, 21(3), 341-344.
  • Eriks-Brophy, A. (2004). Outcomes of Auditory-Verbal Therapy: A Review of the Evidence and a Call for Action. Volta Review, 104(1), 21-35.
  • Estabrooks, W. (2009). Auditory-Verbal Practice Today: A Shifting Paradigm. Erişim adresi: https://www.rchsd.org/documents/2014/04/auditory-verbal-practice-today-cochlear-implant.pdf/ adresinden 16 Nisan 2021 tarihinde alınmıştır.
  • Estabrooks, W., Morrison, H. M., & MacIver-Lux, K. (2020) Estabrooks, W., Morrison, H. M., & MacIver-Lux, K. (Ed.). (2020). Auditory-verbal therapy: An Overview: Science, research, and practice. Plural Publishing.
  • Estabrooks, W., Rhoades, E. A., Lim, S. R., & MacIver-Lux, K. (2016) Estabrooks, W., Rhoades E. M., & MacIver-Lux, K. (Ed.). (2016). Auditory-verbal therapy: An Overview: Science, research, and practice. Plural Publishing.
  • Estrella-Castillo, D. F., Rubio-Zapata, H., & Gómez-de-Regil, L. (2020). Auditory perception of Mexican children with profound bilateral hearing loss receiving auditory verbal therapy. Child Language Teaching and Therapy, 7(433), 1-13.
  • Fairgray, E., Pudy, S. & Smart, J. (2010). Effects of auditory verbal therapy for school aged children with hearing loss: An exploratory study. The Volta Rewiew, 110(3), 407-433.
  • Fulcher, A., Purcell, A. A., Baker, E., & Munro, N. (2012). Listen up: children with early identified hearing loss achieve age-appropriate speech/language outcomes by 3 years-of-age. International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology, 76(12), 1785-1794.
  • Geers, A.E., Moog, J.S., Biedenstein, J., Brenner, C., & Hayes, H. (2009). Spoken language scores of children using cochlear implants compared to hearing age-mates at school entry. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 14(3), 371-385.
  • Goldblat, E., & Pinto, O. Y. (2017). Academic outcomes of adolescents and young adults with hearing loss who received auditory-verbal therapy. Deafness & Education International, 19(3-4), 126-133.
  • Hanáková, A. (2014). Early Intervention in Context of Special Education-Communication between Parents of Hearing Impaired Children and Professionals with an Emphasis on Auditory-verbal Therapy. E-Pedagogium, (4), 64-72.
  • Hayes, H., Geers, A., Treiman, R., & Moog, J.S. (2009). Receptive vocabulary development in deaf children with cochlear ımplants: achievement in an ıntensive auditory-oral educational setting. Ear Hear, 30(1), 128-135.
  • Hepper, P. G., & Shahidullah, B. S. (1994). Development of fetal hearing. Archives of Disease in Childhood-Fetal and Neonatal Edition, 71(2), 81-87.
  • Hogan, S., Stokes, J., White, C., Tyszkiewicz, E., & Woolgar, A. (2008). An evaluation of auditory verbal therapy using the rate of early language development as an outcome measure. Deafness & education international, 10(3), 143-167.
  • Holzinger, D., Fellinger, J., & Beitel, C. (2011). Early onset of family centred intervention predicts language outcomes in children with hearing loss. International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology, 75(2), 256-260.
  • Jackson, C.W. & Schatschneider, C. (2014). Rate of language growth in children with hearing loss in an auditory-verbal early ıntervention program. American Annals of the Deaf, 158(5), 539-554.
  • Joint Committee on Infant Hearing. (2007). Year 2007 position statement: Principles and guidelines for early hearing detection and intervention programs. Pediatrics, 120(4), 898-921.
  • Kuhl, P. K., Williams, K. A., Lacerda, F., Stevens, K. N., & Lindblom, B. (1992). Linguistic experience alters phonetic perception in infants by 6 months of age. Science, 255(5044), 606-608.
  • Langereis, M., & Vermeulen, A. (2015). School performance and wellbeing of children with CI in different communicative–educational environments. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, 79(6), 834-839.
  • Leffel, K., & Suskind, D. (2013, November). Parent-directed approaches to enrich the early language environments of children living in poverty. In Seminars in speech and language 34(4), 267-278.
  • Lieu, J. E. C. (2004). Speech-language and educational consequences of unilateral hearing loss in children. Archives of Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery, 130(5), 524-530.
  • Lim, S. Y. C., & Simser, J. (2005). Auditory-verbal therapy for children with hearing impairment. Ann Acad Med Singapore, 34(4), 307-312.
  • Minami, S., Ijuin, R., Nishiyama, Y., Kuroki, T., Tendo, A., Kusui, Y., ... & Kaga, K. (2021). Assessment of speech perception in deaf or hard of hearing children who received auditory-verbal therapy with hearing aids or cochlear implants. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, 146, 1-5.
  • Monshizadeh, L., Vameghi, R., Sajedi, F., Yadegari, F., Hashemi, S. B., Kirchem, P., & Kasbi, F. (2018). Comparison of social interaction between cochlear-implanted children with normal intelligence undergoing auditory verbal therapy and normal-hearing children: a pilot study. The journal of international advanced otology, 14(1), 34-38.
  • Olusanya, B. O., Luxon, L. M., & Wirz, S. L. (2004). Benefits and challenges of newborn hearing screening for developing countries. International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology, 68(3), 287-305.
  • Paludetti, G., Conti, G., Di Nardo, W., De Corso, E., Rolesi, R., Picciotti, P. M., & Fetoni, A. R. (2012). Infant hearing loss: from diagnosis to therapy Official Report of XXI Conference of Italian Society of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology. Acta Otorhinolaryngologica Italica, 32(6), 347-370.
  • Pimperton, H., & Kennedy, C. R. (2012). The impact of early identification of permanent childhood hearing impairment on speech and language outcomes. Archives of disease in childhood, 97(7), 648-653.
  • Rhoades, E. A. (2006). Research outcomes of auditory‐verbal intervention: Is the approach justified? Deafness & education international, 8(3), 125-143.
  • Rhoades, E. A., & Chisholm, T. H. (2000). Global Language Progress with an Auditory-Verbal Approach for Children Who Are Deaf or Hard of Hearing. Volta Review, 102(1), 5-24.
  • Sharma, A., & Glick, H. (2016). Cross-modal re-organization in clinical populations with hearing loss. Brain sciences, 6(1), 4.
  • Sharma, A., Dorman, M. F., & Kral, A. (2005). The influence of a sensitive period on central auditory development in children with unilateral and bilateral cochlear implants. Hearing research, 203(1-2), 134-143.
  • Sharma, A., Dorman, M. F., & Spahr, A. J. (2002). A sensitive period for the development of the central auditory system in children with cochlear implants: implications for age of implantation. Ear and hearing, 23(6), 532-539.
  • Sharma, A., Nash, A. A., & Dorman, M. (2009). Cortical development, plasticity and re-organization in children with cochlear implants. Journal of communication disorders, 42(4), 272-279.
  • Shivaprakash, S., & Castro, N. O. (2019). Performance of Hearing-Impaired Children with Hearing Aid and Cochlear Implant in Auditory Verbal Therapy. Scholarly Journal of Otolaryngology, 2(3), 159-169.
  • Simser, J. (2014). Auditory-Verbal Techniques and Hierarchies. Erişim adresi: https://silo.tips/download/auditory-verbal-techniques-and-hierarchies. adresinden 22 Nisan 2021 tarihinde alınmıştır.
  • Stacey, P. C., Fortnum, H. M., Barton, G. R., & Summerfield, A. Q. (2006). Hearing-impaired children in the United Kingdom, I: Auditory performance, communication skills, educational achievements, quality of life, and cochlear implantation. Ear and hearing, 27(2), 161-186.
  • Tejeda-Franco, C. D., Valadez-Jimenez, V. M., Hernandez-Lopez, X., Ysunza, P. A., Mena-Ramirez, M. E., Garcia–Zalapa, R. A., & Miranda-Duarte, A. (2020). Hearing aid use and auditory verbal therapy improve voice quality of deaf children. Journal of Voice, 34(2), 301-307.
  • Van Eldik, T., Treffers, P. D., Veerman, J. W., & Verhulst, F. C. (2004). Mental health problems of deaf Dutch children as indicated by parents’ responses to the child behavior checklist. American annals of the deaf, 148(5), 390-395.
  • Watkin, P., McCann, D., Law, C., Mullee, M., Petrou, S., Stevenson, J., & Kennedy, C. (2007). Language ability in children with permanent hearing impairment: the influence of early management and family participation. Pediatrics, 120(3), 694-701.
  • World Health Organization. (2010). Newborn and infant hearing screening: Current issues and guiding principles for action. https://www.who.int/blindness/publications/Newborn_and_Infant_Hearing_Screening_Report.pdf?ua=. adresinden 15 Nisan 2021 tarihinde alınmıştır.
  • Yoshinaga‐Itano, C. (2003). Early intervention after universal neonatal hearing screening: impact on outcomes. Mental retardation and developmental disabilities research reviews, 9(4), 252-266.
  • Yoshinaga-Itano, C., Coulter, D., & Thomson, V. (2001, December). Developmental outcomes of children with hearing loss born in Colorado hospitals with and without universal newborn hearing screening programs. In Seminars in Neonatology, 6(6), 521-529.
  • Yoshinaga-Itano, C., Sedey, A. L., Coulter, D. K., & Mehl, A. L. (1998). Language of early-and later-identified children with hearing loss. Pediatrics, 102(5), 1161-1171.

Education in Individuals with Hearing Loss: Auditory-Verbal Therapy Method

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2, 211 - 225, 30.11.2022

Öz

The early years of life are very important for language and speech acquisition. A hearing loss experienced during this period and not detected early will cause the child's language and speech development to lag behind his hearing peers. In this situation, the child; It will negatively affect your psychological, social and academic life. Therefore, a child with hearing loss; Hearing loss should be diagnosed as early as possible and appropriate hearing aid/cochlear implant use should be initiated. In addition, the child should be included in an appropriate education program in order to develop his listening potential and reach the level of his hearing peers in language development. The most commonly used method in the education of children with hearing loss is auditory-verbal therapy. However, most of the sources related to this method belong to foreign literature. The aim of this study is to compile and convey the general information in the foreign literature about auditory-verbal therapy.

Kaynakça

  • AG Bell Academy. (2017). Listening and Spoken Language Specialist Certified Auditory-Verbal Therapist (LSLS Certification AVT). https://agbellacademy.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/AVT-Application-2017.pdf adresinden 22 Nisan 2021 tarihinde alınmıştır.
  • Brainard, M. S., & Doupe, A. J. (2000). Auditory feedback in learning and maintenance of vocal behaviour. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 1(1), 31-40.
  • Brennan‐Jones, C. G., White, J., Rush, R. W., & Law, J. (2014). Auditory‐verbal therapy for promoting spoken language development in children with permanent hearing impairments. Cochrane database of systematic reviews, (3).
  • Calderon, R. (2000). Parental involvement in deaf children's education programs as a predictor of child's language, early reading, and social-emotional development. Journal of deaf studies and deaf education, 5(2), 140-155.
  • Dora, Wu C. & Brown M.P. (2004). Parents and theachers expectations of auditory-verbal therapy. Volta Review, 104(1), 5-20. Dornan D., Hickson L. Murdoch, B., & Houston T. (2009). Longitudinal study of speech perception, speech and language for children with hearing loss in an Auditory therapy program. The Volta Review, 109(2-3), 61–85.
  • Dornan D., Hickson L., Murdoch, B., Houston T. & Constantinescu G. (2010). Is auditoryverbal therapy effective for children with hearing loss? The Volta Review, 110(3), 361–387.
  • Dornan, D. (1999). ‘Let's hear and say’: current overview of auditory-verbal therapy. Asia Pacific Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing, 4(2), 141-154.
  • Dornan, D. A., Hickson, L. M., Murdoch, B. E., & Housston, T. (2007). Outcomes of an auditory-verbal program for children with hearing loss: A comparative study with a matched group of children with normal hearing. Volta Review, 107(1), 37-54.
  • Downs, M. P., & Yoshinaga-Itano, C. (1999). The efficacy of early identification and intervention for children with hearing impairment. Pediatric Clinics of North America, 46(1), 79-87.
  • Easterbrooks, S. R., O’rouke, C. M., & Todd, W.N. (2000). Child and family factors associated with deaf children’s success in auditory- verbal therapy. American Journal of Otology, 21(3), 341-344.
  • Eriks-Brophy, A. (2004). Outcomes of Auditory-Verbal Therapy: A Review of the Evidence and a Call for Action. Volta Review, 104(1), 21-35.
  • Estabrooks, W. (2009). Auditory-Verbal Practice Today: A Shifting Paradigm. Erişim adresi: https://www.rchsd.org/documents/2014/04/auditory-verbal-practice-today-cochlear-implant.pdf/ adresinden 16 Nisan 2021 tarihinde alınmıştır.
  • Estabrooks, W., Morrison, H. M., & MacIver-Lux, K. (2020) Estabrooks, W., Morrison, H. M., & MacIver-Lux, K. (Ed.). (2020). Auditory-verbal therapy: An Overview: Science, research, and practice. Plural Publishing.
  • Estabrooks, W., Rhoades, E. A., Lim, S. R., & MacIver-Lux, K. (2016) Estabrooks, W., Rhoades E. M., & MacIver-Lux, K. (Ed.). (2016). Auditory-verbal therapy: An Overview: Science, research, and practice. Plural Publishing.
  • Estrella-Castillo, D. F., Rubio-Zapata, H., & Gómez-de-Regil, L. (2020). Auditory perception of Mexican children with profound bilateral hearing loss receiving auditory verbal therapy. Child Language Teaching and Therapy, 7(433), 1-13.
  • Fairgray, E., Pudy, S. & Smart, J. (2010). Effects of auditory verbal therapy for school aged children with hearing loss: An exploratory study. The Volta Rewiew, 110(3), 407-433.
  • Fulcher, A., Purcell, A. A., Baker, E., & Munro, N. (2012). Listen up: children with early identified hearing loss achieve age-appropriate speech/language outcomes by 3 years-of-age. International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology, 76(12), 1785-1794.
  • Geers, A.E., Moog, J.S., Biedenstein, J., Brenner, C., & Hayes, H. (2009). Spoken language scores of children using cochlear implants compared to hearing age-mates at school entry. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 14(3), 371-385.
  • Goldblat, E., & Pinto, O. Y. (2017). Academic outcomes of adolescents and young adults with hearing loss who received auditory-verbal therapy. Deafness & Education International, 19(3-4), 126-133.
  • Hanáková, A. (2014). Early Intervention in Context of Special Education-Communication between Parents of Hearing Impaired Children and Professionals with an Emphasis on Auditory-verbal Therapy. E-Pedagogium, (4), 64-72.
  • Hayes, H., Geers, A., Treiman, R., & Moog, J.S. (2009). Receptive vocabulary development in deaf children with cochlear ımplants: achievement in an ıntensive auditory-oral educational setting. Ear Hear, 30(1), 128-135.
  • Hepper, P. G., & Shahidullah, B. S. (1994). Development of fetal hearing. Archives of Disease in Childhood-Fetal and Neonatal Edition, 71(2), 81-87.
  • Hogan, S., Stokes, J., White, C., Tyszkiewicz, E., & Woolgar, A. (2008). An evaluation of auditory verbal therapy using the rate of early language development as an outcome measure. Deafness & education international, 10(3), 143-167.
  • Holzinger, D., Fellinger, J., & Beitel, C. (2011). Early onset of family centred intervention predicts language outcomes in children with hearing loss. International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology, 75(2), 256-260.
  • Jackson, C.W. & Schatschneider, C. (2014). Rate of language growth in children with hearing loss in an auditory-verbal early ıntervention program. American Annals of the Deaf, 158(5), 539-554.
  • Joint Committee on Infant Hearing. (2007). Year 2007 position statement: Principles and guidelines for early hearing detection and intervention programs. Pediatrics, 120(4), 898-921.
  • Kuhl, P. K., Williams, K. A., Lacerda, F., Stevens, K. N., & Lindblom, B. (1992). Linguistic experience alters phonetic perception in infants by 6 months of age. Science, 255(5044), 606-608.
  • Langereis, M., & Vermeulen, A. (2015). School performance and wellbeing of children with CI in different communicative–educational environments. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, 79(6), 834-839.
  • Leffel, K., & Suskind, D. (2013, November). Parent-directed approaches to enrich the early language environments of children living in poverty. In Seminars in speech and language 34(4), 267-278.
  • Lieu, J. E. C. (2004). Speech-language and educational consequences of unilateral hearing loss in children. Archives of Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery, 130(5), 524-530.
  • Lim, S. Y. C., & Simser, J. (2005). Auditory-verbal therapy for children with hearing impairment. Ann Acad Med Singapore, 34(4), 307-312.
  • Minami, S., Ijuin, R., Nishiyama, Y., Kuroki, T., Tendo, A., Kusui, Y., ... & Kaga, K. (2021). Assessment of speech perception in deaf or hard of hearing children who received auditory-verbal therapy with hearing aids or cochlear implants. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, 146, 1-5.
  • Monshizadeh, L., Vameghi, R., Sajedi, F., Yadegari, F., Hashemi, S. B., Kirchem, P., & Kasbi, F. (2018). Comparison of social interaction between cochlear-implanted children with normal intelligence undergoing auditory verbal therapy and normal-hearing children: a pilot study. The journal of international advanced otology, 14(1), 34-38.
  • Olusanya, B. O., Luxon, L. M., & Wirz, S. L. (2004). Benefits and challenges of newborn hearing screening for developing countries. International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology, 68(3), 287-305.
  • Paludetti, G., Conti, G., Di Nardo, W., De Corso, E., Rolesi, R., Picciotti, P. M., & Fetoni, A. R. (2012). Infant hearing loss: from diagnosis to therapy Official Report of XXI Conference of Italian Society of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology. Acta Otorhinolaryngologica Italica, 32(6), 347-370.
  • Pimperton, H., & Kennedy, C. R. (2012). The impact of early identification of permanent childhood hearing impairment on speech and language outcomes. Archives of disease in childhood, 97(7), 648-653.
  • Rhoades, E. A. (2006). Research outcomes of auditory‐verbal intervention: Is the approach justified? Deafness & education international, 8(3), 125-143.
  • Rhoades, E. A., & Chisholm, T. H. (2000). Global Language Progress with an Auditory-Verbal Approach for Children Who Are Deaf or Hard of Hearing. Volta Review, 102(1), 5-24.
  • Sharma, A., & Glick, H. (2016). Cross-modal re-organization in clinical populations with hearing loss. Brain sciences, 6(1), 4.
  • Sharma, A., Dorman, M. F., & Kral, A. (2005). The influence of a sensitive period on central auditory development in children with unilateral and bilateral cochlear implants. Hearing research, 203(1-2), 134-143.
  • Sharma, A., Dorman, M. F., & Spahr, A. J. (2002). A sensitive period for the development of the central auditory system in children with cochlear implants: implications for age of implantation. Ear and hearing, 23(6), 532-539.
  • Sharma, A., Nash, A. A., & Dorman, M. (2009). Cortical development, plasticity and re-organization in children with cochlear implants. Journal of communication disorders, 42(4), 272-279.
  • Shivaprakash, S., & Castro, N. O. (2019). Performance of Hearing-Impaired Children with Hearing Aid and Cochlear Implant in Auditory Verbal Therapy. Scholarly Journal of Otolaryngology, 2(3), 159-169.
  • Simser, J. (2014). Auditory-Verbal Techniques and Hierarchies. Erişim adresi: https://silo.tips/download/auditory-verbal-techniques-and-hierarchies. adresinden 22 Nisan 2021 tarihinde alınmıştır.
  • Stacey, P. C., Fortnum, H. M., Barton, G. R., & Summerfield, A. Q. (2006). Hearing-impaired children in the United Kingdom, I: Auditory performance, communication skills, educational achievements, quality of life, and cochlear implantation. Ear and hearing, 27(2), 161-186.
  • Tejeda-Franco, C. D., Valadez-Jimenez, V. M., Hernandez-Lopez, X., Ysunza, P. A., Mena-Ramirez, M. E., Garcia–Zalapa, R. A., & Miranda-Duarte, A. (2020). Hearing aid use and auditory verbal therapy improve voice quality of deaf children. Journal of Voice, 34(2), 301-307.
  • Van Eldik, T., Treffers, P. D., Veerman, J. W., & Verhulst, F. C. (2004). Mental health problems of deaf Dutch children as indicated by parents’ responses to the child behavior checklist. American annals of the deaf, 148(5), 390-395.
  • Watkin, P., McCann, D., Law, C., Mullee, M., Petrou, S., Stevenson, J., & Kennedy, C. (2007). Language ability in children with permanent hearing impairment: the influence of early management and family participation. Pediatrics, 120(3), 694-701.
  • World Health Organization. (2010). Newborn and infant hearing screening: Current issues and guiding principles for action. https://www.who.int/blindness/publications/Newborn_and_Infant_Hearing_Screening_Report.pdf?ua=. adresinden 15 Nisan 2021 tarihinde alınmıştır.
  • Yoshinaga‐Itano, C. (2003). Early intervention after universal neonatal hearing screening: impact on outcomes. Mental retardation and developmental disabilities research reviews, 9(4), 252-266.
  • Yoshinaga-Itano, C., Coulter, D., & Thomson, V. (2001, December). Developmental outcomes of children with hearing loss born in Colorado hospitals with and without universal newborn hearing screening programs. In Seminars in Neonatology, 6(6), 521-529.
  • Yoshinaga-Itano, C., Sedey, A. L., Coulter, D. K., & Mehl, A. L. (1998). Language of early-and later-identified children with hearing loss. Pediatrics, 102(5), 1161-1171.
Toplam 52 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Özel Eğitim ve Engelli Eğitimi
Bölüm Derlemeler
Yazarlar

İrem Köroğlu 0000-0002-0808-4056

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Kasım 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 26 Nisan 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Köroğlu, İ. (2022). İşitme Kayıplı Bireylerde Eğitim: İşitsel-Sözel Terapi Yöntemi. Alanyazın, 3(2), 211-225.